Kwehlukana amakhosi asendulo e Rus

kwehlukana izinduna eRussia, izimbangela zazo kufihlwe kwezomnotho kanye nokuthuthukiswa zezombusazwe ka umphakathi izinduna yayikhona kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-15. Ukwakheka emafeni amakhulu yokudlanga zangokwasemuva zezinhlelo ukulimela ukuziphilisa Elidala isimo Russian nakanjani wasiza izigodi shintsho ahlukene ukukhiqizwa izindawo. Nokho, ubudlelwane babo kwezomnotho yayiba a County eseduze. Craft futhi ukuhweba izidingo ezazikhona ngaleso sikhathi, lalingabulawa kalula zaneliswe ngokushesha abasafufusa izikhungo zezombangazwe nezomnotho - emadolobheni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lenyuka wemizi bese yengezwa sabantu ngezithukuthuku amabutho ithele. Thuthukisa labo nemizana, elalikade akazange abe emnothweni abalulekile.

kwehlukana izinduna eRussia kwamiswa ngaphansi nemibandela izingxabano ngenakugwemeka social phakathi nezikhathi ezijabulisayo nezibuhlungu futhi kusenjalo ngizithole okuqala umphakathi amakhosi asendulo. Ezakhiwe abanikazi balesi sigaba komhlaba wafuna ukumisa amafomu ahlukahlukene ingozi yokulutheka (kokubili kwezomthetho nakwezomnotho) lalabantu wezolimo. Nokho okwenzeka ekilasini imibango (ezinhlamvu) ekhulwini 11-13, saba umlingisi, ikakhulukazi zendawo, nokuxazulula ukungezwani ngokuvamile kokungenela okwanele neziphathimandla zendawo, ngaphandle ukubandakanywa amabutho isimo.

kwehlukana izinduna eRussia esenzeka izimo ezidingekayo kule boyars kwezenhlalo kanye nezomnotho ukuzimela-patrimonial (abaninimhlaba elikhulu) kuhulumeni. Kulokhu, lo boyars yayiphambana isidingo ukwabelana nge-Grand Duke omholo wazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, basekela ababusi kwezinye principalities umzabalazo wabo ukuzimela kwezombangazwe nakwezomnotho.

kwehlukana izinduna eRussia sasingagwemeki Empeleni. Kule nqubo, kwakukhona ukuqhubeka nesiko nomnotho isimo sisonke. Kufanele ukhulume mayelana kusungulwe indlela eyizingqabavu eningiliziwe yobuhlobo nascent phakathi izinduna.

Ngokungangabazeki, nokwahlukana ayengaphansi isimo ezivamile futhi kwadingeka abathile imiphumela engemihle. Chief phakathi lezi zazi-mlando ushayele buthakathaka Ukuvikelwa ezweni wezwe ekuhlaselweni zangaphandle, ikakhulukazi izimo, ematfuba okuvela igciwane ngokwanele.

kwehlukana amakhosi asendulo e Rus 'nibonakala ukumela ukwahlukanisa langempela yezwe phakathi amalungu omkhaya kwesikhulu kuyoba ukwandisa.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezinye zezimpawu lokubola kwaqala ukuvela ngemva kokufa e 1054 Yaroslava Mudrogo. System ukwehlukanisa principalities iphuma zivela ngalesikhathi umzabalazo phakathi inzalo yakhe, ababezijabulisa ukusekela boyars wendawo.

Isikhathi esifushane phakathi nokubusa Vladimira Monomaha, kwenzeka Kiev ephakeme. Waphinde waba isikhungo zonke isiRashiya. Ngalesi sikhathi ngamazwi ashiwo separatist kubabusi bendawo bevinjelwa, wawahlula isitha esivela ngaphandle - the Polovtsy.

Izwe futhi yawela ukwehla nokushona Monomakh. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuthathela kanye nokwehlukaniswa amakhosi asendulo e Rus. Izimbangela nemiphumela kwalesi sikhathi kukhona okubalulekile womlando lonke izwe.

Ngemva kokufa indodana Monomakh, Mstislava Velikogo, isiza omunye isimo sekukhona izindawo ehlukile mayelana nanhlanu. Phakathi kwabo, Polotsk, Chernigov, Galician, Novgorod, Rostov-Suzdal, Smolensk nabanye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngaphakathi ngamunye wabo waqhubeka inqubo nokwehlukaniswa inyumbazana kwezombangazwe nakwezomnotho. Ngakho, ngamunye izingxenye isimo enkulu iba yena, amancane principalities semi ezimele.