Lapho futhi lapho kwakukhona umuntu wokuqala emhlabeni?

Lapho ama-Israyeli umuntu wokuqala emhlabeni? Lo mbuzo kusukela esikhathini sikaCharles Darwin sika ukukhathazeka ososayensi. Ayikho ngaphansi kuka umbuzo lapho umuntu wokuqala nesithakazelo futhi abaningi izakhamuzi ukwazi. Nokho, le nkinga akuyona elula njengoba kungase kubonakale efika kuqala. Iqiniso liwukuthi uma uqala ukuqonda ke, ukuba baphendule ngokwanele ifanelekela umbuzo lapho kwakukhona umuntu wokuqala ukuthola ukuthi kuze kube manje ayikho neyodwa abavubukuli, futhi akukho imibono ecacile futhi owamukelwa phakathi izazi zemvelaphi nenhlalo yabantu. Ubani obhekwa njengesikhonzi womuntu? Iziphi izingxenye iketango yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwaba ngokuzumayo indoda kokushiya sakhe abazali izinkawu esiteji? Phela, kwemvelo - akusiyo isenzo yesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa ushintsho eside futhi kancane kakhulu. Eyesibili nobunzima nge umbuzo lapho weza umuntu wokuqala liqukethe kakhulu nenqubo - njengazo zonke ungumuntu ohlukile, ngasiphi isizathu? Ngu ukuma aqonde, izithupha opposable, ekusetshenzisweni amathuluzi noma ingabe ngevolumu ingqondo? Ake sizame luhlaka isithombe emfushane kakhulu indlela Homo sapiens.

uvele Lapho abantu bokuqala?

Impendulo - e-Afrika, ngokusobala. Kulinganiselwa lezazi yesimanje, imizila yesimanje nezinkawu omkhulu kanye oqondile okhokho abantu bahlukana iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-8-6 edlule. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho izwe hominids lokuqala bipedal. I wezinsalela zamandulo bokuqala nomele isidalwa sahelantrom. Waphila iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-6-7 edlule futhi iye yahambahamba kakade ngezinyawo ezimbili. Yiqiniso, kunzima yakhe kuphela ngesisekelo salokhu kungaba ngokuthi abantu sidilizwa. Zonke ezinye izici zayo zisekhona efana inkawu, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi bavela amagatsha is kakhulu abashintsha indlela yabo yokuphila futhi waqondisa ukuziphendukela kwemvelo endaweni efanele. Ukuze Sahelanthropus balandela orrorin (abangaba yizigidi ezingu-6 edlule), laziwe kubo bonke Australopithecus (azungeze 4 million edlule), Paranthropus (2.5 million). Akukhona zonke izixhumanisi eziye zatholwa abavubukuli kanye ukujola kwalezi zikhathi eside, kodwa kuphela amanye amalungu iketanga. Kubalulekile ukuthi ngalinye lala hominids kwadingeka ezinye izici eziphambili uma iqhathaniswa ezazingaphambi kwayo. I hominids lokuqala ababesondelene ngempela uhlobo wanamuhla wabantu, baba habilis ka-Homo (habilis indoda) ne-Homo ergaster (imisebenzi), okuyinto yavela eminyakeni 2.4 futhi 1.9 izigidi ezingu edlule. Njengazo zonke amayunithi langaphambilini, amadlozi abantu abahlala e-Afrika - sombuso esintwini. Ekugcineni, abantu obungenakuphikwa ngempela Homo sapiens, ngubani kwakunjalo eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane 40 kuphela edlule. Ngokuthakazelisayo, lokhu kubuye uhlobo lomuntu wasuka e-Afrika, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, I-Europe yayisivele ehlala abantu! Abantu ababeka, ngokubona ososayensi yesimanje, base bekhona kakade e-Europe, kodwa ekugcineni kwanyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba, futhi akuzona inzalo oqondile lesintu yesimanje, kodwa kuphela igatsha efile ekupheleni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Sikhuluma mayelana AmaNeanderthal abadumile, owaba yokuqothulwa ezizathwini akucaci kahle ngokuphelele mayelana 25 eziyinkulungwane. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule.

uvele Lapho abantu bokuqala? Umlando nesenzakalo yezimpucuko eminingi yasendulo

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sinjani, kwaba Homo sapiens ezimiselwe ekugcineni zijwayeza aphume Afrika kuwo wonke amazwekazi planethi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, abantu ayisekho iye yashintshwa abalulekile begazi. Nokho, isenzakalo esibalulekile kwaba okubizwa ngokuthi Neolithic Revolution. Kuyinto inqubo yenguquko ukusuka appropriating umnotho ukuba baveze, okungukuthi, ukuvela ezolimo kanye isilwane ukunakekela. tinhlobo letinsha tekuphatsa wazibonakalisa okuningi iyashelela, avumele izizwe ukwandisa lingakanani, ukwakha umkhiqizo babutha zabasebenzi, ngoku umkhankaso babhekane nezinga elikhulu emphakathini. Ekugcineni, lezi zinhlelo ziye zaholela ukuvela yezimpucuko kuqala bese uthi esavela eMesophothamiya.