Yiziphi izinhlobo zomshado?

Izinhlobo zomshado ezikhona emazweni ahlukene azihlali zingashintshi. Njengomthetho, kunoma imuphi umphakathi wanamuhla kuwumkhuba "ukubhalisa" ubuhlobo phakathi kowesifazane nowendoda efuna ukuqala umndeni, ukuhola ipulazi elihlangene nokukhulisa izingane ezivamile. Umkhosi womshado ungaba ngokomthetho, lapho labo abasanda kushada bethola isitifiketi sokubhalisa ehhovisi lokubhalisa, kanye nesonto, lapho inhlangano yabantu ababili engacabangi khona ngaphandle kokubamba umkhosi wenkolo.

Umlando

Kwabantu ngabanye, izinhlobo zabo zomlando zomshado zihlotshaniswa nemikhuba namasiko athile kazwelonke. Umqondo womndeni ezinsukwini zaseRoma lasendulo wawuhlotshaniswa nento engcwele, futhi umshado wawusuvele ube uhlobo lwenkontileka yomthetho phakathi kwabantu ababili, futhi lo wesifazane wayevame ukwenza isinqumo ngomshado, ecabangela ukuthanda kwabazali bakhe.

Ngaleso sikhathi, izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zenkolo zazisetshenziselwa ukubopha inyunyana, eyayiyisibonelo somshado wamaKristu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, eMbusweni WamaRoma , ukubhaliswa komshado kwakungagcini kumasiko, futhi izikhulu zenza imibhalo esemthethweni, ngokusho ukuthi yiziphi izingane ezingase zizuze ifa labazali bazo.

Ngisho nangemva kokusabalala kobuKristu eByzantium, kwaze kwaba sekhulwini leshumi nanye, kwakukhona izinhlobo ezimbili zomshado - umshado esontweni kanye nokuhlangana okuvamile. Futhi ukuhlangana okuqhubekayo kwabesifazane nabesilisa abakhululekile kwakulingana nokudala umndeni. Ngisho nangaphandle kwesiko lesonto, umshado ubhekwa njengokufanele, uma uhlala isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, leli qiniso lingase liqinisekiswe yibofakazi abahlukahlukene, futhi imibhalo yayitholakale ukuthi umyeni wathola i-dowry kubazali bomkakhe. Kuphela kwekhulu le-XI, umshado eMbusweni waseByzantium wawuwukuphela kwendlela yomshado osemthethweni.

Isimanje

Namuhla, izinhlobo zomlando zomshado kanye nomshado ziba yinto yesikhathi esidlule, imibhangqwana eminingi eYurophu kanye nezifunda zendawo ye-post-Soviet azibhalisi ngokusemthethweni ubudlelwane bazo ngokujwayelekile, noma ziphelelwe umkhosi womphakathi wokudweba ehhovisi lokubhalisa. Ukubambisana nokubamba imikhosi yenkolo manje engasenamandla omthetho, ngakho-ke umbhangqwana uhlele impahla ehlangene futhi uthole ilungelo lokuzuza ifa lakho konke okwakumlingani wakho, kufanele ubhalise ubuhlobo bakho ngokusemthethweni. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezintsha zokubambisana phakathi kwendoda nowesifazane ziye zavela, kubandakanya umshado ovulekile, wesikhashana, isivakashi, ongalingani nongakhohlisayo.

Ngakho-ke, eminye imindeni ngisho nangemva kokusemthethweni "ukusemthethweni" kobuhlobo bakhetha ukuziphatha komunye nomunye njengezivakashi. Bahlala emafulethini ahlukene, bangahlanganyeli ekuphathweni kokuhlanganyela epulazini futhi bahlangane kuphela ngezimpelasonto noma kanye ngenyanga. Vula umshado unikeza isivumelwano esivumelana ukuthi ngamunye womshado angaba, uma efunwa, ehola impilo yezocansi ohlangothini, futhi ukuziphatha okunjalo ngeke kubhekwe njengesihluku.

Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, kuvele izinhlobo zomshado ezingavamile, kubandakanya ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabantu abesilisa nabesilisa kanye nokubhaliswa komndeni ngokusemthethweni ngemuva kokufa komunye womshado. Kwamanye amazwe athi, izinhlobo ezinjalo zokubhalisa ngokomthetho ubudlelwane zibonakala zivumelekile, kodwa emazweni amaningi omhlaba womshado wobulili obufanayo kubhekwa ngokungemthetho futhi awunawo uhlamvu lomthetho.

Ukubhaliswa kwangemuva kujwayelekile ezimweni lapho omunye womshado ozayo ngokuzumayo efa ngaphambi komshado. Lokhu kuyadingeka ekomidini lesibili, othola isimo somuntu oshonile futhi angathembela kuzo zonke izinkokhelo noma izinzuzo ezenziwa ngumthetho, ngaphandle kwelungelo lokuthola impahla yomuntu oshonile. Zonke izinhlobo zomshado, naphezu kokuhluka kwazo, zihlinzekela ukudala umndeni wentsandvo entsha yokuzikhethela kanye nemvume yabo yokubambisana yokwakha enye "iyunithi yomphakathi".