Yiziphi izici isakhi ulele: nokwakheka ukuphila izinqubo

Emvelweni, kukhona ezinye amaqembu ezimangalisayo zezinto eziphilayo ezakho yimiphi eyaziwa imibuso nemvelo. Futhi zonke ngoba bayindlu inhlanganisela abaningana kubo. Esinye sezibonelo yesiteleka kakhulu zalezi ulele. Basuke siqhuba ngisho nezifundo zeBhayibheli isayensi elihlukile okuthiwa lichenology. Yiziphi izici isakhi ulele, izindawo zabo futhi izinqubo zokuphila? Konke lokhu, kuzoxoxwa ngakho ngokuningiliziwe kulesi sihloko.

Symbiosis emangalisayo

La magciwane ubani akuhlobene zibangelwa nokuhlalisana isikhunta futhi ulwelwe. Kodwa akubona bonke amalungu ala maqembu bayakwazi ukwakha nokuhlalisana letihlomulisa. Yiziphi izici isakhi ulele? mushroom umzimba, noma mycelium siqukethe sesigcilikisha eziningi mncane ngokuthi hyphae. Phakathi kwabo amaseli cyanobacterial - ulwelwe oluluhlaza. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuba umzimba owodwa. Kuyinto ukwazi ukusebenza kuphela khona isikhunta iphila futhi ulwelwe.

Yiziphi izici isakhiwo ulele

Izingxenye zalesi Symbiosis zemvelo etholakala hhayi chaotically. Ukwakheka ulele (Isikimu sibonisa ilungiselelo izakhi ngabanye) is kahle olwakhiwe. NgoLwesine kutholakale isidumbu sendoda la magciwane kuyinto thallus? noma thallium. Kusekelwe hyphae fungal, okuyizinto phezulu kanye phansi zivaliwe, ukwakha kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi uqweqwe. imisebenzi yayo iyefana neyabantu ijwabu enamathela isitshalo. Lokhu isivikelo kwezimo ezingezinhle futhi ubuhlobo imvelo.

Ngaphakathi ulele futhi etholakala izindikimba fungal, kodwa alengayo ngaphezulu futhi ivulekile. Kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba emangqamuzaneni cyanobacteria aphakathi kwazo. Like amakhowe, ulele babe rhizoids. Lezi zokwakheka by umsebenzi kanye nendawo emzimbeni zifane izimpande zezitshalo ephakeme. Kodwa umehluko eyinhloko ukungabi khona zonke izinhlobo izindwangu. rhizoids Ngakho amaseli akuzona kuphela ezikhethekile kanye anatomically kuhlanganiswe.

Ukwahlukaniswa ulele

Izici isakhiwo ulele banesibopho inhlangano yabo amaqembu ukuma komzimba - thallus. Kuye lokhu, kukhona amaqembu amaningana:

• Crustose - ukubukeka zifane powder. Khangela, basibekele amatshe noma amagxolo ezihlahla uqweqwe elincanyana, ngezinye izikhathi zibukeke ihlangana ne ebusweni.
• Foliose - akheke ecacile. thallus lwabo ishq encane ukuthi ukuzihlukanisa substrate ngaphandle nobunzima.
• Amafushane - kunazo zonke ngokubonakala yabo zifane izitshalo aphansi. Njengomthetho, banalo ububanzi futhi flat base uhlobo isihlahla esincane noma isakhiwo izinwele-like.

Izinqubo eziyisisekelo zokuphila

Isakhiwo sangaphakathi kubangela ulele futhi izici bokuphila la magciwane. Ngenxa yokuthi akhiwa isikhunta ulwelwe, zonke izinqubo ezibalulekile zifana amaqembu izilwane zasendle.

ukudla

Amakhowe futhi ulwelwe oluhlaza ezidla izindlela ngokuyinhloko ezahlukene: hetero- futhi Autotrophic. Ngakho-ke ulele Waphawuleka lokuqala nelesibili. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba lithathelwe la magciwane nezimo ezahlukahlukene kwemvelo. Phela, uma izimo self-imfundo akukho carbohydrate, umzimba zidla izakhi ezidingekayo ukuze izinhlayiya ukuphila enhlabathini noma ezinye substrate. Ulwelwe photosynthesis inqubo eyenziwa ngokunikeza ulele izithako organic futhi ekwandiseni umoya nomoya-mpilo. A mushroom substrate is ukusivumela emanzini kanye namaminerali siphela. Lezi cyanobacteria futhi isetshenziselwe inqubo ye-photosynthesis. Le ndlela yokudla ngokuthi mixotrophic.

ukukhiqizwa kabusha

Ukuze ubone ukuthi uhlobo kabusha la magciwane, kubalulekile waphinda ukukhumbula lokho izimfanelo isakhiwo ulele. Njengoba ziqukethe isikhunta ulwelwe, futhi inqubo sokuzala uhlobo zabo ziyakwazi kokubili lokuqala nelesibili. Leli qiniso akuyona olungasho okuthile ngoba lithathelwe kanye nokusabalalisa.

Thanda isikhunta, ulele yakha ezinhlamvu - amaseli ukukhiqiza kabusha asexual. Basuke uthuthwa umoya namanzi olude futhi iphila kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle, baqala ukuthuthukisa, ukwakha umzimba omdala. Indlela wehlise izitshalo ulele nokuzala asexually esebenzisa vegetative - okungukuthi, izingxenye thallus. Kungaba nezihlahla mikhulu noma izingxenyana ezincane kakhulu, equkethe kuphela hyphae ambalwa isikhunta cyanobacteria amaseli. Lokhu kwanele ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha wonke umzimba. Vegetative ukukhiqizwa kabusha indlela evelele uma ziqhathaniswa sporulating.

Inani ulele ngokwemvelo futhi ukuphila komuntu

Kuyini nokwakheka ulele, sithole. Manje ake sicabangele izici eziyisisekelo incazelo yaso ngokwemvelo. Ulele musa ngephutha ngokuthi "amaphayona" izitshalo. Phela, bayakwazi ukukhula ezindaweni lapho nezinye izinto eziphilayo abakwazi ukuphila. Ngokwesibonelo, sokuxazulula phezu kwedwala, kancane kancane awabhubhise. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona isisekelo ukwakheka inhlabathi - isimo ezidingekile impilo yezitshalo.

Ulele baqiniseka undemanding ukuze izimo zokuphila, kodwa uthanda nomswakama eliphezulu. Uma nesomiso noma frost, bona sokumisa ukushuba ukuphila izinqubo bese uqhubeka nabo ngemva. Ulele kukhona ukudla ezinye izilwane enyakatho. Kwezokwelapha, bajwayele njengoba microbicides.

Ulele - iqembu elikhethekile eziphilayo, okuyinto Okusizayo kuhlalisana isikhunta ulwelwe. Lapho zihlanganiswa sezindawo esikhanyisela ngeminingi yale mibuso, njengoba izinkomba ukuba nendawo ehlanzekile futhi ngesisekelo izimila nezimfunda.