Yini ehlukanisa imishanguzo evela emithanjeni: izici zesakhiwo nokusebenza

Uhlelo lwe-circulatory lomuntu, ngaphandle kwenhliziyo, luhlanganisa ubukhulu, ububanzi, isakhiwo nemisebenzi yemithwalo yegazi. Uyini umehluko emkhatsini we-arteries, imithanjeni kanye namapillazi? Yiziphi izici zesakhiwo okwenza kube lula ukwenza imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu? Le mibuzo neminye iphendulwa esihlokweni sethu.

I-Circulatory System

Ukusebenza kwemisebenzi yegazi kungenzeka ngenxa yokunyakaza kwayo ngokusebenzisa imishini yegazi. Ihlinzekwa ukuphazamiseka kwesigqi senhliziyo, ukusebenza njengepompo. Ukuhamba ngemithambo yegazi, igazi lihambisa izakhi, umoya we-oxygen ne-carbon dioxide, livikela umzimba kusuka ezincane ze-pathogenic, linikeza i-homeostasis yemvelo yangaphakathi.

Izitsha zihlanganisa imishanguzo, ama-capillaries kanye nemithanjeni. Bakhetha indlela yegazi emzimbeni. Uyini umehluko emkhatsini we-arteries kanye nemithanjeni? Indawo emzimbeni, isakhiwo nemisebenzi eyenziwa. Ake siwahlole ngokuningiliziwe.

Kunamarridi ahluke emithanjeni: izici zokusebenza

Imishanguzo yizimpahla ezihlinzeka igazi kusuka enhliziyweni kuya ezinhlobonhlobo nasezigumbini. Umthamo omkhulu emzimbeni ubizwa ngokuthi igama elithi "aorta". Iza ngqo kusuka enhliziyweni. Emithanjeni, igazi lihamba ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu. Ukuze ulondoloze, udinga isakhiwo esifanele sezindonga. Zinezigaba ezintathu. Ingaphakathi nangaphandle kuhlanganiswa izicubu ezixhunyiwe, kanti maphakathi nakhiwa ama-muscle fibers. Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo, lezi zitsha ziyakwazi ukwelula, ngakho-ke zingakwazi ukumelana nokucindezela okukhulu kwegazi.

Isakhiwo semithanjeni sihluke kanjani kwisakhiwo se-arteries? Okokuqala, izitsha zenye uhlobo zithwala igazi ezivela ezithombeni nasezicathulweni kuya enhliziyweni. Ukudlula kuwo wonke amaseli kanye nezitho, kugcwele umoya we-carbon dioxide, oya emaphashini.

Olunye udaba olubalulekile umehluko esakhiweni sodonga lwe-artery kanye ne-vein. Lezi zinsuku zinezinhlayiya ezingenangqondo kakhulu, ngakho-ke ziyancipha. Njengoba igazi emithanjeni liphuma ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephansi, ikhono labo lokusula alibalulekile kakhulu.

Inani lomfutho wegazi ezitsheni zezinhlobo ezahlukene kubonisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokugaya. Egazini elijikelezayo, igazi lixoshwa ngomthombo wokuphosa. Libomvu, ngoba ligcwele umoya-mpilo. Kodwa nge-venous - igeleza nge-jet encane futhi inombala omnyama. Lithathwa inani elikhulu le-carbon dioxide.

I-lumen yemithanjeni eminingi ineziphazamiso ezikhethekile zamapokhethi ezivimbela igazi ukuba lingabi lihambelane.

Ama-Capillaries

Yeka indlela amavutha ahluke ngayo emithanjeni, sahlunga. Futhi manje ake sinake izitsha zegazi ezincane kakhulu - ama-capillaries. Zakhiwa uhlobo oluthile lwezicubu ezinama-endoglium - endothelium. Kungenxa yakhe ukuthi kune-metabolism emkhatsini wezicubu ezibandayo negazi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukushintshaniswa kwegesi okuqhubekayo kwenzeka.

I-arteries, ephuma enhliziyweni, yehla ibe ama-capillari afinyelela kuwo wonke amangqamuzana omzimba, ehlangene nama-venone. Lezi zinsuku zihlanganisa izitsha ezinkulu. Zibizwa ngokuthi imivimbo engena enhliziyweni. Kulolu hambo oluqhubekayo lwegazi, ama-capillari enza indima ebalulekile yokuxhumana ngqo phakathi kwezakhi zegazi namaseli alowo wonke umzimba.

Ukuhamba kwegazi emithanjeni yegazi

Yini ehlukanisa imishanguzo emithanjeni, ibonisa ngokucacile indlela yokugeleza kwegazi. Ngenkathi isisu se-muscle ye-heart, igazi likhishwa ngaphandle kwamandla emithanjeni. Ekulu kunazo zonke - i-aorta, ingcindezi ingafinyelela ku-150 mm Hg. Art. Ngama-capillary, ahla kakhulu kuya ku-20. Ku-vena cava, ingcindezi ayincane futhi i-3-8 mm Hg. Art.

Iyini ithoni nomfutho wegazi?

Esimweni esivamile somzimba yonke imikhumbi isesimweni sokucindezela okungenani - i-tonus. Uma ithoni ikhuphuka, imithwalo yegazi iqala ukulula. Lokhu kuholela ekucindezelweni okukhudlwana. Uma lesi sifo siphelela ngokuqinile, kukhona isifo esibizwa nge-hypertension. Inqubo yesikhathi eside yesikhathi eside yokunciphisa ingcindezi - hypotension. Zombili lezi zifo ziyingozi kakhulu. Esimweni sokuqala, isimo esinjalo semithambo yegazi singabangela ukwephulwa kobuqotho babo, futhi okwesibili - ukuphazamiseka kwegazi ezingxenyeni.

Ukufingqa: ama-arridi ahluke kanjani emithanjeni? Lezi yizici zesakhiwo sezindonga, ukutholakala kwama-valve, indawo ehlobene nenhliziyo nemisebenzi eyenziwa.