Izimoto, Izimoto

Yimuphi amafutha angcono - 5W30 noma 5W40 (ebusika)? Amafutha amahle kakhulu ebusika

Uhla olunwetshiwe lwamazinga okushisa amafutha 5W30 no-5W40 kwenza ukuba adume nabanikazi bezimoto baseRashiya. Kungani? Iyiphi inzuzo eyothola kulokhu, lapho amafutha angcono: 5W30 noma 5W40 ebusika?

Ama-synthetics noma i-semisynthetic

Njengamanje, kukhona ukuthambekela kokushintshela kubanga lobubanzi be-viscosity. Izinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu kulokhu okuqondiswa yizimboni zamakhemikhali ngokuphathelene nokudala amakhemikhali, kwenezela khona zonke izingxenye ezintsha. Isibonelo, inkampani ethi "Mobil", eyona yokuqala ekhishwe okokugcoba okwenziwe emakethe, isebenza nayo futhi izama iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu. Inombolo enkulu yabamncintisana abasanda kuvuka futhi abaqedi futhi basebenzisa imali eningi yokwakha umkhiqizo omusha ngamakhono akwaziyo. Kodwa abathuthukisi abakhiqiza izikhombisi-ndlela ezikhethekile ezikhethekile, isibonelo, for diesel ezilayishiwe kakhulu, zimbalwa.

Ngaphezu kokuthi "pyaterochok" - izakhi zokwenziwa, kune-semisynthetics efanayo. Kungani ungayisebenzisi? Yiqiniso, ungasebenzisa amanzi amaminerali ayenziwayo, engeza abaqashi, isakhi esenziwe ngethuluzi lezinhlanganisela zanamuhla - futhi kuyoba ngamafutha omzimba we- semisynthetic ejwayelekile ngenjini ebusika njengesibonelo. Kodwa-ke, kwaziwa ukuthi imingcele yayo izobe kuncane uma iqhathaniswa nama-synthetics. Phela, i-base base-oli idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu, ibeka izici ze-physico-chemical.

Isifaniso esaziwayo singalandelwa ngephethiloli. Kukhona ubuchwepheshe lapho kunezithasiselo eziningi ezengeziwe kwi-octane ephansi e-A-80 ngendlela yezandla futhi uthole i-AI-98. Kodwa, njengoba esebenze kuleso sophethiloli, imoto izofuna maduze ukulungiswa: okungenani kuzodingeka ukuba usule injector bese ubeka esikhundleni se-spark plugs. Phela, kuyacaca ukuthi uphethiloli ophezulu wezinga eliphezulu kakhulu uzotholakala kuphela ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanele.

Ukungazi lutho

Lesi sici sinokubaluleka okubaluleke kakhulu kokungcolisa uketshezi. Le parameter inquma ukushisa okuphezulu kwesicelo samafutha. Ngakho-ke, yikuphi amafutha okungcono: 5W30 noma 5W40 (ebusika noma ehlobo), kunqunywa ngokuqondile ngale parameter. Uma inkomba iphansi, i-lubricant akufanele ibe yinto evumayo kakhulu ukwenza ukuqala okubandayo kwe-motor nge-starter bese iyipompa ngokusebenzisa ipompo. Kumodi yokushisa ephezulu, amafutha, ngakolunye uhlangothi, akufanele abe ne-viscosity ephansi kakhulu, ukuze kube nokugcina izinga lokucindezeleka elidingekile ohlelweni bese kudala i-friction evikela ifilimu ezungeze izingxenye.

Ngakho, i- viscosity yamafutha ihlukaniswe ngokuthi:

Ebusika . Nge-viscosity encane, i-injini izoqala kalula, kepha i-lubricant ngeke isebenze ngokuphumelelayo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
Ihlobo . Isiqalo seqhwa sizoba yingcindezi kumazinga okushisa angaphansi kwama-zero degrees, kodwa nge-viscosity ephakeme kuyoba nokuthembeka nokusimamisa kahle imoto endaweni eshisayo neshisayo.
Isikhathi sonke . Uma kubanda ngaphandle, amafutha abonisa ikhwalithi yamafutha ebusika, futhi uma kushisa, kusehlobo.

Zonke izinkathi zanda kakhulu, zishiya izinhlobo ezimbili zokuqala, kusukela manje akusekho isidingo sokushintsha amafutha njalo ngenkathi ishintsha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bazibonakalisa njengendlela ephumelelayo nangokonga amandla. Isibonelo sokugcoba okunjalo ngamafutha 5W40 (synthetics).

Ezinye izici

Yiqiniso, ezinye izici zibalulekile emafutheni: ama-detergents, ama-antiwear, anti-corrosion kanye nama-antioxidant (izithasiselo zisetshenziselwa lokhu). Noma kunjalo, i-viscosity inomunye wemigomo esemqoka. Izithasiselo eziningi zanamuhla zandisa inani. Ngakho-ke, kufanele uhlale unake leli pharamitha futhi ukhethe isilinganiso esiphezulu sezinto zokugcoba nezimo zokusebenza ezizayo ze injini.

Imfuneko eyinhloko okufanele ilandelwe uma ukhetha, yizidingo ezibekiwe ngumenzi wemoto. Zibhalwe ohlwini lwezincwadi. Ngokuvamile aziqukethe ulwazi oluthile mayelana nezakhiwo ezithile okufanele zifakwe ku-lubricant ezisetshenzisiwe, kodwa futhi unikele ngemikhiqizo ethile yamafutha ngezincomo zokuwasebenzisa. Ngokuvamile le ncwadi iqukethe amafutha kaShell (5W40, 5W30 noma olunye uhlobo). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma imoto yakho isivele ikhona, futhi ungenalo ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nokusebenza kwayo, ungakhetha uhlobo lwezimoto noma ukuzithumela.

Standard 1999 SAE

Yisho ukuthini lezi zincwadi ezingavamile ze-SAE? Kusukela ngesiNgisi isifingqo sibizwa ngokuthi "Society of Automobile Engineers" (Society of Automobile Engineers). Leli lizinga lemhlaba jikelele, elimele lihambisane ne-viscosity. Isibonelo, ngo-1999, izidingo zezinga lezi zilandelayo.

Ngokusho i- visemicity kinematic yamafutha, isikhathi sithile sinqunywe. Kubalwa ngesivinini esiphansi kusuka kuma-degrees angamashumi amabili kuya kwangukhulu futhi ngokwehlukana nge-degrees ayikhulu.

Izakhiwo zokuqala zivezwe ngokumelana lapho ziqala imoto ebandayo futhi kungenzeka ukuthola izinguquko. Kuye nge-viscosity kanye nekilasi, izinga lokushisa elivela kuma-degrees ayishumi kuya kwezingamashumi amathathu nanhlanu lamaqhwa namazinga aphakeme okukhipha isisindo (105s-1) anqunywa, okungukuthi, izimo zokusebenza emithwaleni yokugwedla ngesikhathi sokuqala kubanda zibhekwa.

Ukukhubazeka kunquma ijubane lokugcoba ezingxenyeni zokuxubha phakathi nokuqala okubandayo, kanye nengozi engenzeka yokushisa injini phakathi nokuqala kokubandayo ngenxa yokujikeleza kwe-liners. I-indicator ibhekwa emazingeni okushisa angama-degrees ayishumi nesishiyagalolunye kuya kwangu-40 nasezingeni eliphansi le-shear (10s-1). Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, i-lubricant isakazeka epanini kumamukeli we-oyela lapho kuqala imoto ebandayo.

Ukungazi lutho ngokushisa okuphezulu kuveza isibonakaliso sangempela uma usebenza ngenkathi efudumele yamamori aphezulu. Ngakho-ke, izici zokugqoka, ukulahlekelwa kokushayisana nomphumela emnothweni wezimoto kubonakala. It is fixed at high shear rates (106s-1). Kulezi zimo, izibhebhe ze-crankshaft zisebenza ngokushisa okuphezulu nokulayisha.

Ukuhlelwa kwe-SAE

Lona ukucaciswa kwe-SAE, okuyinto enquma izici zamafutha ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene. Okwamanje, kukhona amakilasi ayisithupha ebusika kanye namakilasi amahlanu ehlobo. Ubusika kulula ukucacisa ngokukhona kwencwadi W ("ubusika", okusho ngesiNgisi kusho "ubusika"). Ephakeme i-viscosity, i-index eyinombolo enkulu.

Ubusika be-viscosity buboniswa ngu-0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W. 25W.

Ihlobo - 20, 30, 40, 50.

Cabangela isibonelo samafutha 5W40.

Izici zalo zilandelayo. I-Class - 5W viscosity. Njengoba ubona, ingasetshenziswa ebusika, okungukuthi, kuxhomeke kule nkomba ukuthi kuyoba lula kanjani ukuqala injini efrijini. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda ukuthi yiliphi uhlobo lamafutha okugcwalisa ebusika, udinga ukunaka le nkomba ethile.

Inombolo "40" yembula ukusebenza kwehlobo, okungukuthi, ikhono lokusebenzisa injini emazingeni aphezulu okushisa.

Uma, njengalokhu kusibonelo sethu, kunezinkampani zamanye amakilasi (okungukuthi, i-injini yamafutha 5W40, kanye no-5W30), lokhu kubonisa isimo semvelo sonke sesicelo sakho.

Indlela yokukhetha isigaba sasebusika

Uma ukhetha i-viscosity, okokuqala ulandela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi wemoto. Uma engekho, landela izincomo jikelele.

Ukukhetha amafutha amahle kakhulu ebusika, udinga ukucabangela izimo lapho imoto izosebenza khona.

Khona-ke izinkinga zokuqala ekuqaleni ebusika kanye nemiphumela emibi yezimoto (isibonelo, ukugqoka okusheshayo nokuziqhenya ngesikhathi sokuqala, okungahle kwenzeke ezimweni zokulamba kwamafutha) kungagwenywa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-5W30 noma i-5W40 ebusika ugcwele izikhukhula. Kumele kuqondwe ukuthi uma uqala injini, noma kungenjalo uma kwenzeka kunesithwathwa esinzima, kodwa nge-plus plus mark on the thermometer, kuthatha isikhathi ukupompa ipompo lamafutha ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokugcoba ukuze umthamo ufinyelele kuzo zonke izingxenyana neziteshi. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, injini isebenza ezimweni zokuntuleka kwamafutha. Ngakho-ke, ukungqubuzana nokugqoka kuthuthukiswa kakhulu. I-lubricant engaphezulu ingakwazi ukulondoloza uketshezi kwimodi ephansi lokushisa, ukuvikelwa okungcono kuzohlinzekwa ngezimoto.

Indlela yokukhetha konke-sezulu

Izakhiwo zasebusika zibonakala ngakwesobunxele, futhi izakhiwo zehlobo zibonakala ngakwesokudla. Ngakho-ke, uzibuze ukuthi yikuphi amafutha okungcono - 5W30 noma 5W40 - ebusika, udinga ukulalela kuphela isibalo ngakwesobunxele, futhi kuyafana nalesi simo.

Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuba unake umehluko kwimodi yehlobo bese ukhetha okukhethwa kukho okufanele kuye kuye ngezimo zokusebenza zemoto.

Izakhiwo zokushisa-ukungabi naso

Kule nkomba kuncike ekuhlinzekeni kokuqala injini ngaphandle kokushisa, amafutha okupompa mahhala ngokusebenzisa uhlelo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukugcoba okuzinzile kwazo zonke izingxenye ezixubhayo emithwalweni engenzeka kakhulu kanye nokushisa okukhulu.

Ngisho nesimo sezulu esiphezulu, ushintsho ebusika lokushisa ebusika ekufudumeni okukhulu kunazo zonke kufike kumadireji ayikhulu namashumi ayisishiyagalolunye. Ngakho-ke, amafutha wonyaka kufanele ashintshwe kuye ngenkathi. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona konke-isimo sezulu (isibonelo, amafutha enjini 5W40 no-5W30), inkinga isusiwe. Ngenxa yezithasiselo zabo bayakwazi ukubonisa izakhiwo ezidingekayo emazingeni ahlukene aphezulu. Okungukuthi, ngenani elibi lifana namafutha asebusika, futhi ephezulu kakhulu - ehlobo.

Izithasiselo

Izithasiselo azikhulise kakhulu i-viscosity ekushiseni okuphansi, kodwa zanda kakhulu - phezulu, lapho inani lamakhemikhali e-macropolymer landa kakhulu. Kuzozonke izinkathi (okufaka ukugcoba ama-5W30 namafutha 5W40), izici zihlanganisa ithuba lokungena kwesikhashana lokushintsha i-viscosity yalo, futhi ngokuqondene nesilinganiso se-shear. Njengoba ijubane linciphisa, landa, futhi uma landa, linciphisa.

Iningi lale ndawo libonakala emazingeni okushisa aphansi, kodwa ngisho nasezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa, linemiphumela emihle ye injini: i-viscosity encane ene-injini ebandayo yenza ukuba kube khona ukwehla, futhi ngokufudumala kunciphisa amandla okulahlekelwa amandla ngenxa yokuqhaqhazela, okusindisa ukushisa.

Ukushisa okuphansi

Uphawu oluphansi lokushisa kwamafutha luvuleka ngephuzu lokuthulula lapho ukugcoba kuphelile. Lesi sibonakaliso siyaqaphela lapho izinga lokushisa liyizinga eliphansi kwamaminithi amahlanu kuya kwangu-7 ngaphansi kwalokho lapho kutholakala khona uketshezi.

Ngokuvamile, ukugcoba kwenzeka ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwama-parafini ku-lubricant ehlile.