Yamanzi. I we yamanzi ukujula

Emiseleni noma umkhathizwe - a izingqimba ambalwa idwala kokuba permeability okusezingeni eliphezulu. ikhule ezimbotsheni yabo uqhekeke noma ezinye voids zigcwele amanzi angaphansi komhlaba.

imiqondo Jikelele

aquifers eziningana bangase bafinyelele yamanzi uhlelo, uma kuhlobene hydraulically. Isetshenziselwa amanzi supply ezamahlathi, ukunisela ihlathi kuyo umsebenti wetemnotfo. Uma uphume ebusweni, lokhu kungaba umthombo waterlogging indawo. Lokhu kungase kube nomthelela ekwakhekeni bogs ephansi futhi zesikhashana.

permeability

I yamanzi libhekene permeability yamadwala. Amanzi permeability incike ubukhulu kanye nenombolo ukuqhekeka oxhumene, ikhule ezimbotsheni, kanye ihlelwa zithutha amatshe. I we yamanzi ukujula kungenziwa ahluka 4.2 m ( "aqhwakele") futhi kuze kufinyelele 30-50 m (amanzi Artesian).

Ukuze emadwaleni kahle permeable yilezi:

• amatshe;
• amatshe;
• isihlabathi indawo;
• ngokujulile rocks obonakaliswa Karst.

amanzi ukunyakaza

Izizathu ukunyakaza yamanzi ikhule ezimbotsheni kungaba eziningana:

• amandla adonsela phansi;
• ikhanda wokubacindezela;
• amabutho capillary;
• amabutho capillary-osmotic;
• adsorption amandla;
• lokushisa umyela.

Kuye isakhiwo Geological yamadwala yamanzi kungaba isotropic maqondana filtration, isb. E. permeability ukuphendukela kunoma iluphi uhlangothi okufanayo. Rocks kungaba anisotropic, lapho kwenzeka bona 'zinezikhathi ushintsho iyunifomu ku permeability kuzo zonke izindawo.

I we aquifers ukujula esifundeni Moscow

Kuyo yonke indawo yakwa-esifundeni eMoscow komhlaba etafuleni amanzi ukujula kuyahlukahluka, ngakho kube lula yayo ihlukaniswe yaba izifunda kwamanzi. Kunezindawo eziningana amanzi eziveza:

• esifundeni Southern. Izinga amanzi kungaba ku uhla 10-70 m. I emithonjeni ukujula kule ndawo zokhahlamba kusuka 40 m kuya 120 m.
• esifundeni eNingizimu-ntshonalanga. amanzi kunina kuyinto ngobuningi ezahlukene. I kwemithombo ukujula silinganiselwa m 50.
• Central District. Kuyinto endaweni elikhulu isikwele. Yena, ihlukaniswe elikhulu futhi Amancane. I ukujiya isilinganiso kunina kuyinto 30 m. Amanzi lapha carbonate, carbonate-sulphate.
• eseMpumalanga. I we yamanzi kule ndawo ukujula kuyinto 20-50 amamitha. Amanzi, ngokuyisisekelo, kakhulu aligugu amanengi, ngakho amanzi yaphela indaba yalo.
• Klin-Dmitrov wesifunda. Siqukethe ezimbili engenhla carbonate umkhathizwe: Gzhel futhi Kasimovsky.
• IVolga District. I we yamanzi ukujula avareji 25 amamitha.

Lena incazelo jikelele endaweni. Ucwaningo eningiliziwe aquifers, iphathwa amanzi ukwakheka ungqimba, amandla alo, othize ukugeleza rate, kwabantu kwenze nokunye okunjalo. D.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi hydrogeology we Region eMoscow inike uhlelo eyodwa yamanzi, okuyinto ihlukaniswe khathizwe eziningana Paleozoic amalahle ezifakwa:

• Podolsko myachkovskogo phakathi carbon ungqimba;
• Serpukhovskoy yamanzi and Oka-carbon zokwakheka aphansi;
• Kashirsky yamanzi carbon yesibili;
• Kasimovsky carbon engenhla ungqimba;
• Gzhel engenhla yamanzi carbon.

Ezinye Iziphethu ezingaphansi komhlaba zingenye ongaphakeme amanzi ukugcwaliswa kanye okusezingeni eliphezulu okuqukethwe amaminerali, ngakho ngeke Site izinto ezenziwa abantu.

Emiseleni Serpukhovskoy Oka ne-carbon zokwakheka aphansi has a esiphezulu umthamo isihlobo kwezinye yamanzi - 60-70 amamitha.

Moscow-Podolsky yamanzi singafinyelela esiphezulu 45 amamitha ukujula, amandla kwesilinganiso sayo uyalingana 25 amamitha.

Indlela ukunquma we yamanzi ukujula

emiseleni Sandy - .. Igama okunemibandela, okusho emkhathizwe kungase kuhilele ngohlalwane, isihlabathi exutshwe uhlalwane. Have ezahlukene amandla isihlabathi aquifers, ukujula zabo nazo azifani.

Uma sicabangela hydrogeology esifundeni laseMoscow kanye ezindaweni ezakhelene, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi amanzi kungatholakala ngaphansi komhlaba endaweni ka 3-5 amamitha ukujula, kuye ngokuthi ukuphakama isihlobo kwendawo wafunda. I we yamanzi ukujula kubuye sincike izici kwamanzi yezindawo eziseduze: umfula, ichibi, ixhaphozi.

Eziseduze ungqimba ebusweni ubizwa ngokuthi "aqhwakele". Ukusetshenziswa Its amanzi is hhayi Kunconywa e ukudla, t. K. Amandla lesi sendlalelo kungenxa imvula, iqhwa ukuncibilika, nokunye. G., Ngakho lapha kalula uthole ukungcola okuyingozi. Nokho, ngokuvamile, amanzi "aqhwakele" asetshenziswa ngayo yasendlini, futhi bakubize ngokuthi ngisho "inqubo amanzi".

amanzi Good ehlungiwe kuyinto at a 8-10 ngamamitha ukujula. At 30 metres ukujula zitholakala okubizwa ngokuthi "lamanzi esiphethu", ukwenziwa lapho kumbiwa imithombo nalolwakheke kahle.

Ukuze sithole khona nokujula we yamanzi engenhla kulula. Kunezindlela eziningi athandwayo: esebenzisa induku noma luhlaka metal, usebenzisa esitsheni sebumba, indlela ogcina zimbali ezikhula ensimini.