Umgomo wezimali

Indawo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwezinceku umphakathi uthatha komgomo wokuboleka amabhange ngezimali. Emazweni evuthiwe, kubhekwa njengendlela kwalokho nezimo futhi okusheshayo inqubomgomo yezezimali njengoba ithuluzi "esihle kutsha" imvelo kwezomnotho.

Ngo somgomo wokusetshenziswa kwezilimi eziningi obuthile ezimbi, okuyizinto ukunikeza kuphela nethonya engaqondile phezu ngamabhange, inhloso ukulawula Dynamics supply imali. Ngakho-ke, ukwenza ukuziqondisa ukuthi inwebe noma ukunciphisa ukubolekisa bengayi.

ukusiza umnotho ukufeza ezingeni sezizonke zokukhiqiza, esibonakala by ukungabi emali futhi umsebenzi wasikhathi ingenye yezinjongo eziyinhloko komgomo wokuboleka amabhange ngezimali.

Umgomo wezimali we state iqoqo izinyathelo ngokulawulwa kwezomnotho wesikweletu nemali kwegazi, okuyinto luhlose ukuqinisekisa komnotho ngokuthi kuvuleleke kakhulu ukuchayeka utshalomali, Dynamics kanye ezingeni emali kanye nezinye izinqubo macroeconomic kubaluleke kakhulu.

Injongo eyinhloko yale nqubomgomo amanga ekusizeni emnothweni ukufeza ezingeni zokukhiqiza, okuyinto eduze kufinyelela emisebentini legcwele kanye amanani ezinzile.

Umgomo wezimali ka isimo is Nokho ababulawa ngokusebenzisa Central Bank, somgomo wokusetshenziswa kwezilimi eziningi zichazwe uhulumeni.

Amathuluzi ezisetshenziswa kaningi kakhulu komgomo wokuboleka amabhange ngezimali kukhona izinyathelo zokuphatha ukusungula uhlobo esiyisibopho komsebenzi, ukulawulwa olusemthethweni zenzalo.

izinqolobane Ubuncane okwamanje bayingxenye amafa yasebhange, bonke ngothi lwabo ngamabhange-hlobo kufanele ugcine ngesikhathi akhawunti Central Bank.

Imisebenzi ezimbili eziyinhloko yenziwa esiqiwini ubuncane. Okokuqala, bayobe besebenza njengethuluzi ukuhlinzekwa nezikweletu ngamabhange 'kanye imali kwamakhasimende (njengoba zigcine ketshezi). izinqolobane Ubuncane, okwesibili, zingamathuluzi ezisetshenziswa Central Bank ukuze alawule imali supply wezwe.

Esikhathini Russian Federation izibambiso kahulumeni emakethe waqala ukuthatha ukuma ngo-1993. Ekwindla ka ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalombili, yena wethulwa yasekhaya loan izibopho, izibopho kahulumeni, izibopho kahulumeni yesikhashana.

Ngokusho kwakhe inzalo ekhokhiwe kusukela isabelomali sikahulumeni, kodwa ukuze sikhokhele izibopho ukuthi yayikade ikhishwe, kufanele silingise tranches entsha.

Umgomo wezimali ka isimo uvalwe ezihlobene nomgomo kwezomnotho kanye nezezimali angaphandle.

Kufanele ikhumbule ubuhlobo izakhi eziyinhloko komnotho omkhulu - ivolumu okukhipha, funa aggregate, zenzalo, imali supply. Futhi ikhasimende okulindelwe (umphakathi) kanye zimali, ukuthembeka non-izakhamizi kanye nezakhamuzi nezenzo zikahulumeni. I yangaphakathi Inqubomgomo Ikhredithi isimo kuzoncika outflow kanye inflow of currency angaphandle kuleli zwe.

On ukuthi uzimele ibhange central njengoba igatsha likahulumeni, inquma nekusebenta inqubomgomo, kanye ubuciko namakhono of abaphathi bayo.

Kubaluleka inqubomgomo malini isimo eziNgenamazwi mahala kule "ezibizayo" futhi "ezishibhile" imali. Inqubomgomo lwemali "ezibizayo" kusekelwe yokuthi isiphakamiso kukhawulwe add, ukutholakala ie encishisiwe wesikweletu nokwenyuka izindleko yawo yokwehlisa izindleko futhi aqukethe izingcindezi inflation.

Qinisekisa zigcine ezidingekayo ngamabhange, okusho ikhono ukunikeza ukubolekisa, kungaba inqubomgomo imali "ezishibhile", kodwa awukwazi unike isiqinisekiso sokuthi amabhange empeleni uvikelekile loan futhi ukwandisa supply imali.

Uma kukhona isimo ukuthi izenzo nqubomgomo ngeke kuphumelele. Lesi senzakalo ngokuthi asymmetry cyclical.