Uyini yangaphakathi omlilo injini emotweni?

I yangaphakathi omlilo injini emotweni - kuba ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Uma yangaphakathi omlilo injini akuzange kusungulwe ke kuyoba embonini yezimoto kungenzeka uhlale at kwesondo futhi akazange athuthukise kuze amazinga amanje. Injini wenza revolution yangempela. Ake sixoxe uyini yangaphakathi omlilo engine, yayo umlando, umklamo kanye umsebenzi.

Imizamo yokuqala ukwakha aggregate, ezifana yangaphakathi omlilo injini i waqala ekhulwini le-18. abaqambi abaningi abavela emhlabeni jikelele baye bazama isikhathi eside ukwakha indlela okuyinto bebengaba amandla omlilo uphethiloli ungase ibe namandla lokukhanda.

Injini lokuqala

Eyokuqala ukuthi kuyinto yangaphakathi omlilo injini, futhi indlela yokwakha ke, ucabanga Niepce abafowethu abavela eFrance. Bona yasungulwa futhi wabutha idivayisi, okuthiwa "pireolofor". I ukukhwezelwa injini isinyathelo uthuli kwelahle, kodwa nazo zonke nekusebenta lamasu ayizange beqashelwa ekhethekile isayensi, wahlala kuphela eyizithombe. "Pireolofor" waba ukwakhiwa abangaphelele kakhulu. It libhekene emazingeni okushisa yokusebenza elikhulu ukugeleza isilinganiso uphethiloli ngesikhathi kahle iphansana. Futhi, lolu phiko ibusa eziningi uwoyela. Kodwa noma kunjalo, injini ogibele lokuqala, ongazange enze imishini ezintathu ezinamasondo.

Eyesibili umzamo

Ngo-1864, Zigfrid UMarkus, obesebenza ezisunguliwe ahlukahlukene, wabonisa izwe lokuqala olulodwa cylinder carburetor injini. It is eliqhutshwa amandla amandla omlilo imikhiqizo kaphethiloli. Lokhu yangaphakathi omlilo injini ukwaze ukuthuthukisa abalulekile ngaleso isivinini ngesikhathi - 10 ngehora.

Two-cylinder motor Brighton

Ngo-1873, unjiniyela Dzhordzh Brayton ngesisekelo ukuthuthukiswa ekhona idale injini-cylinder ezimbili. Ekuqaleni injini eziqhutshwa iziketekete wabe sidluliselwe uphethiloli. Phakathi amaphutha kulo mshini ukhiqiza usayizi sikhulu kakhulu.

Otto injini

Ngo-1876 kwenziwa isinyathelo esikhulu emlandweni we yangaphakathi omlilo engine. Nicholas Otto ukwazi ukudala iyunithi uyinkimbinkimbi, okuyinto ngempumelelo siguqulwe uwoyela omlilo amandla angaguqulwa abe namandla lokukhanda. Ngo-1883, unjiniyela French kudala Delamare injini lapho igesi yemvelo engase isetshenziswe njengengcina nophethiloli. Nokho, lokhu okusungulile ayizange futhi impendulo futhi ukhona kuphela ephepheni ngesimo imidwebo.

Igama enkulu emlandweni yezimoto

Ngo 1815, ukuthi kuyinto yangaphakathi omlilo engine futhi ingasetshenziswa kanjani, wacabanga Gottlieb Daimler. Akazange nje wadala injini esebenza kahle futhi waqala ukukhiqizwa sibonelo unit lesimanje isilinda mpo futhi umjovo carburetor.

Lesi yisihloko sokuqala ngaleso sikhathi, indlela compact, okuyinto ke nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni embonini yezimoto.

izincazelo ezivamile yangaphakathi omlilo injini

Iqiniso lokuthi onjalo yangaphakathi omlilo injini emotweni, bayazi, cishe zonke. Kodwa isici esiyinhloko iyiphi yangaphakathi omlilo indlela ukuthi ingxube fuel ephakamayo ekamelweni ukusebenza ngokuqondile, futhi hhayi abanye nositelyah.V yangaphandle ngesikhathi ukusebenza injini ikhishwe zamakhemikhali energy ezishisayo iguqulwe ibe amandla lokukhanda. Iqiniso lokuthi onjalo yangaphakathi omlilo engine, ukutshela Yiqiniso esikoleni physics kanye namasistimu okusebenza isimiso kusekelwe umphumela ukunwetshwa ezishisayo we amagesi imiswe phakathi neminyaka omlilo of ingxube ezivuthayo ngaphansi kwengcindezi ekamelweni amandla omlilo.

izinhlobo ICE

Ungakhetha yangaphakathi omlilo injini piston. Ziyakwazi ephumelela kunazo. Lokhu izoqinisekisa kumuntu onesifo nokugcinwa amakhono injini kanye nokulungiswa, - umshayeli injini. Kuyini lokhu? I-apharathasi lokhu motor zihlanganisa egumbini amandla omlilo itholakala ngaphakathi isilinda, amandla ezishisayo iguqulwe ibe mechanical usebenzisa yokuxhuma induku piston crank indlela, amandla idluliselwa kuya crankshaft. Kunezinhlobo eziningana piston izinjini. Okokuqala, siphawula injini carbureted. Lapha, ingxube uphethiloli carburetor ibhalwe bese injected ekamelweni omlilo i inhlansi kagesi. Leli yithuba elihle ukuze ufunde ukuthi kule yangaphakathi omlilo injini yemoto. Umjovo injini eletha ingxube ngokushesha zibe ezininginingi engayitholi ne Imibhobho esemzimbeni ekhethekile. Zonke izinqubo zomshini kulawulwa electronics. Ibangelwa amakhandlela.

Kukhona futhi amayunithi udizili. Labo abazi ukuthi yangaphakathi omlilo injini emotweni, kuwufanele kakhulu sokuba bajwayelane lolu hlobo injini ngokuningiliziwe. Lapha, ingxube fuel ephakamayo ngaphandle ube yinhlansi. It wokhela ngenxa yokucinana lomoya, okuyinto ngenxa eliwu lokushisa esingeqile ukubaluleka ingxube amandla omlilo. Okokhelekayo is injected ngokusebenzisa Imibhobho esemzimbeni ekhethekile.

Injini rotary-piston - sekuyinto kweyunithi ezithakazelisayo. Uyini yangaphakathi omlilo engine imoto zalolu hlobo? Manje, leli thuluzi kuyinto ngempela ezingavamile. Kulesi indlela, amandla ukushisa amandla omlilo iguqulwe ibe zokusebenza usebenzisa amagesi mechanical okuyinto uphendukisa Rotor ekamelweni ukusebenza. Mshini has a ekhethekile ukuma, iphrofayli bese ihamba ngebhayisikili "kwamaplanethi" indlela ngokuqondile ngaphakathi ukucutshungulwa ekamelweni. Lesi sakamuva Ubuye ukucushwa ikakhulukazi - Isikhathi - "8", kanye nokwenza imisebenzi yayo piston iqembu futhi crankshaft. Manje wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi onjalo yangaphakathi omlilo engine imoto is cishe ayisetshenziswa.

Kukhona igesi ophephela izinjini. Lapha amandla is ibe Ukujikeleza mechanical Rotor esebenzisa elibangela kushaft ukuhambisa ophephela. Ngokuhamba Ukuthuthukiswa ucwaningo, ososayensi nonjiniyela ezivela emhlabeni wonke sinqume ukuthi the ningi NEMPUMELELO NGAPHAKATHI, okuthembekile, linesizotha futhi ukonga ngokuya uphethiloli nowoyela - kuyinto injini piston.

Ezinye izinhlobo izinjini, ngaphandle piston, ekugcineni ngakwesobunxele emlandweni. Usucabanga ukuthi yangaphakathi omlilo injini emotweni, kuyafaneleka ukuthi injini rotary-piston ukhiqiza manje kuphela zithinta Mazda. Ngezinye Chrysler eqoqwe izinjini gazoturbirovannyh, kodwa kwaba kudala, futhi akekho abenzi ezinkulu auto akazange ziyazazisa lezi amayunithi. Ngo-USSR gazoturbirovannye izinjini esetshenziswa kwamanye amathangi kanye esetshenziswa emikhunjini yezempi. Kodwa ke ubuchwepheshe ngokuphelele esishiywe dengwane.

Kanjani yangaphakathi omlilo injini

Kulabo angazi ukuthi ICE injini, cabanga idivayisi lokhu indlela. Ngo motor izindlu ndawonye amasayithi ezibalulekile eziningana. Lokhu block isilinda - ingxube oluvuthayo ngaphakathi uphethiloli kanye emoyeni, bese amagesi bephoqeleka ukuhambisa pistons. Crank iqembu okuhambisa namandla kuze crankshaft.

Timing indlela ukhonza ukuqinisekisa nokuvula nokuvala eyanele kanye qeda valve ngesikhathi esifanele. Wayedinga ukuvumela ingxube kule amasilinda futhi ukukhulula amagesi qeda. Futhi, yangaphakathi omlilo injini ifakwe uhlelo uphethiloli supply, ukuthungela ngxube ukususwa qeda amagesi.

I amandla omlilo yangaphakathi injini zokusebenza isimiso

Wonke umuntu ekugcineni nobuso imoto kumele wazi ukuthi onjalo injini inhlansi-ukuthungela nendlela esebenza ngayo. Lapho umnikazi wemoto uphendulela osemqoka ukuthungela, ukuziqalela uzungeza le crankshaft. A piston ngaphansi isenzo crankshaft kuqhutshwa. Lapho isifinyelele isikhundla salo ephansi, ihamba movement in the TDC. Khona-ke, ekamelweni omlilo sidla nenye fuel futhi emoyeni. Lapho piston ihamba phezulu, ingxube onomfutho. Okwamanje uma siphela isikhundla layo elingenhla, inhlansi eyenziwe amakhandlela umlilo ingxube ezivuthayo. Iqhume, bese kuthi amagesi ngaleli butho elikhulu baphokophelele piston emuva phansi. Kuleli qophelo, vula valve yokuxhuma. Therethrough ashisayo qeda amagesi kuqhamuke uMbhalo emkhathini. Lapho piston uyaphinda labetibambile esikhungweni phansi efile, waphinde wahamba eya phezulu. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, le crankshaft esiyokwenza umuntu lapho kugumbuqelwa umbuso. Lapho piston iqala ngokunyakaza entsha, valve engayitholi kuvula futhi ake e uMbhalo ingxenye elandelayo ingxube ezivuthayo. Lesi sakamuva ithatha wonke ivolumu amagesi qeda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yonke inqubo ngenhla iqala futhi. Njengoba umsebenzi we piston kulezi izinjini bakudala ukhawulelwe imivimbo ezimbili kuphela, kwenza ukunyakaza abangaphansi kuka-ezine-unhlangothi injini. ukulahlekelwa amandla nazo encishisiwe ngenxa friction. Kodwa kule nqubo eziningi ukushisa, futhi izinjini ezifana evuthayo ngaphezulu.

Kufanele usebenzise yangaphakathi uwoyela amandla omlilo engine. Kuyini lokhu? Lo luketshezi ekhethekile oily eyenziwe hydrocarbon okuyinto kunciphisa ukuxabana evele. Encwadini ezimbili-unhlangothi injini piston futhi uba washi, isikhathi siboniswa ngoba ivula ivala valve. I ethile eyinhloko kulesi simiso - iyasilela negesi lokushintshisana, uma kuqhathaniswa nabangu-umshini ezine-unhlangothi.

isiphetho

Yilokho yangaphakathi omlilo injini emotweni. Lona indlela ukuthi ushayela imoto esindayo. Namuhla-ke into ethathwa kalula, kodwa ngesikhathi yangaphakathi omlilo injini ayebhekwa ukufohla enkulu.