ECU: kuyini futhi kuphi?

Kulesi sihloko uzofunda mayelana idivayisi njengemoto computer. Lokho kuyinto futhi ngayiphi injongo kubalulekile imoto? Manje futhi sizama ukuthola ukuthi sebelitholile ikhambi. Eminyakeni yamuva, saphumela ngaphandle izimoto ukukhiqizwa, lapho umjovo fuel Kwenziwa usebenzisa carburetor. Namuhla yonke imishini anemisila bephoqeleka injection. Umsebenzi wabo lula kakhulu, kodwa ematfuba ukwehluleka okukhulu. Ikakhulukazi, uma omunye inzwa ikhishwe, injini iqala ukusebenza ngendlela efanele.

Kanjani control unit?

Le divayisi ubizwa nangokuthi "ingqondo". Futhi kuyiqiniso, lena black box "ecabanga" njengoba injini has ukusebenza izindlela ezahlukene. It lucwaningo njalo ukulawula imoto amashumi yesibili imingcele ukhetha iphesenti kahle emoyeni ingxube ngophethiloli. Ivula futhi ivale umlomo wombhobho ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi, oveza uphethiloli enikeziwe egumbini amandla omlilo. Cishe, akunakwenzeka ukuba umuntu wayengase acabange ngokushesha njengoba control unit. Ixhunyiwe kwi-ke, hhayi kuphela izinzwa kodwa futhi actuators. Ngokwesibonelo, Imibhobho esemzimbeni efanayo, kanye nokulawula idling nabanye. Ukuze uhlole kabanzi isimiso wokusebenza, uzodinga cabanga design zedivayisi. Kodwa isimiso wesifunda ECU is kuboniswe esihlokweni.

kudivayisi Yangaphakathi ikhompyutha

Kusekelwe a microcontroller. It has nezimbobo input bese okukhipha lapho uxhumano senziwa zonke actuators nezinzwa. Phakathi nalokhu kwesibili, kumelwe kuphawulwe lowo alinganise ukugeleza komoya. On isibonelo yayo kuzoxoxwa indlela izimpahla izimpawu electronic control unit. Zonke izinzwa axhunyiwe waya emathekwini input noma esebenzisa ekhethekile voltage abahlukanisi, noma yokukhulisa umsindo efanayo OS. Lokhu amplifier izigaba ku chips noma FET. Ngosizo lwabo ukwanda-signal ezingeni wokufaka kusukela izinzwa. Kodwa O nezimbobo ayadingeka yokulawula. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ECU pinout ngezimoto ezahlukene ezahlukene. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa ubuchopho we "Chevrolet" ku "Lada" akunakwenzeka ukuba aphumelele ngaphandle rework abalulekile. Ngokwesibonelo, Imibhobho esemzimbeni axhunyiwe kubo. Kodwa hhayi konke ngakho elula, ichweba microcontroller okukhipha ungaphatha kuphela umthwalo ababuthakathaka. Ngamanye amazwi, ikhoyili injector kuso asikwazi ukuxhunywa ngqo. Ngakho-ke, ibandla FET ezikhethekile ezasungulwa phakathi kwazo. Bavumela wena ukuthuthukisa izikhathi eziningi izitshengiselo ezivela kwamanye isilawuli. Zibizwa ngokuthi ama-yesifunda Darlington.

algorithm

Kodwa akukho ingxenye eyodwa abakwazi ukusebenza microcontroller - ngaphandle algorithm. Yesilinganiso kungashiwo umelwe isihlahla kunothile ongakhetha. It ifakwe wonke "nezindaba" ukuthi kumele iphendulwe ubuchopho electronic. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ukuvama ukujikeleza crankshaft nilimaza 2000 r / imiz kanye lokuhlushwa i-oksijini liphansi kakhulu, emoyeni ukugeleza rate uyanda. Okwenza injini Kulezo zimo? Microcontroller kweso aphendvule yonke le mibuzo, kufinyeta algorithm ukuxazulula le nkinga. Bese ukugeleza ukhiqiza pulses emachwebeni okukhipha, okuholela injini ukuba esimweni esejwayelekile. Lokhu akuyona into ngaphandle firmware ECU.

Kuphi Fakela ECU?

It efakwe zonke izimoto umjovo. Ngalo, ukuhlaziywa kanye ukubutha zonke imininingwane ivela izinzwa esisogwini yangaphakathi omlilo engine. Ngeshwa, ngezinye izikhathi electronic control unit ehluleka. Ngakho-ke, kufanele esimiselelwe. Ngaphambi enifeza ukulungiswa elihlobene ne ukususwa iyunithi electronic, uzodinga unqamule amandla igridi yonke imoto. Ngenxa yalesi unqamule esibulalayo negative ibhethri. Lokhu kuzovimbela ngephutha izifunda okufutshane yesifunda kagesi. Qaphela ukuthi ngisho nomzuzwana short circuit kalula avuse okukhiphayo kusukela isimo izingxenye ezithile, ikakhulukazi Semiconductors ku control unit, futhi fuses. Phawula ukuthi, lapho ECU. On imoto yokuqala "Lada Kalina", isibonelo, itholakala ngqo ngaphansi isitofu kurediyetha. Futhi lapho control unit ukuvuza kweso yokuqothulwa.

Ukususwa kwezimiso electronic control unit

Uma sithatha isibonelo imoto 2107, i-ECU ke (kuyini, usuwazi) itholakala ngaphansi kudeshibhodi, e footwell endaweni umgibeli sika. Ukuze wenze kuwusizo kakhudlwana ahlukanisa idivayisi, uzodinga ukususa eshalofini, ngaphansi gumbi igilavu okuyinto ngqo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka uyasikrufulula ngezikulufo ukuthi uvikelekile ku-parprizu. Ukuze ukunikeza ukufinyelela electronic control unit, futhi kuyadingeka ukuqaqa ubakaki, enikezwe fuses, udlulisela, futhi ezisebenza kule hardware. Manje ungavala block electronic zonke izintambo. Fixed umzimba esebenzisa ngezikulufo ezimbili emzimbeni imoto. Lapho usizo isihluthulelo "10", uyasikrufulula nut ukususa ngokuphelele control unit. Yilokho, ukulawula injini iyunithi lususwe, ilungele ukukhanda noma ukushintsha. Ukufakwa kudivayisi entsha kwenziwa oda reverse.

Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla izinzwa

Cabanga ngesibonelo Vaz yasekhaya, okuyinto liyisici esibalulekile DMRV akhawunti zonke izici okufanele zicatshangelwe kahle fuel injection. Njengoba wazi, yonke idatha atholakale kusuka kule divayisi ukusebenza wonke injini. Esibalulekile ECU firmware, noma kunalokho, kuba ikhadi fuel, lapho nemingcele ezibalulekile eziningana nikubeke ezinhliziyweni zenu. Ikakhulukazi, inani emoyeni nophethiloli yanikezwa kummango ngokuba carburetion, isivinini injini injini umthwalo. Ngaphambi afeze esikhundleni zale divayisi, kubalulekile ukuba ubambe ukuhlola ezincane. Kuvele isheke kokuqala kungenziwa kusetshenziswa multimeter ezivamile. Nge kumelwe uhlole ukubaluleka voltage likhona ngesikhathi ezikhumulweni inzwa.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, uyikhiphe kusuka ipulaki. Multimeter setha ngesikhathi isikhundla lapho nesilinganiso voltage wenziwa. phambili Negative ixhunywe yangaphakathi omlilo injini mass. Nge nesilinganiso ukuthungela voltage kwenziwa ukuhoxiswa okwesihlanu ipulaki uya inzwa. Izikhombo amaphuzu kumele igcinwe endaweni ukubaluleka mayelana 12 volts. Uma kukhona ukuphambuka eqinile, khona-ke kuyinto ukungasebenzi ECU injini noma wiring ophuke inzwa. Esikhathini okukhipha wesine kufanele ibe mayelana 5 volts. Uma kukhona ukuphambuka okukhulu kusukela lesi silinganiso, isizathu salokhu nakho kungukuphula wiring noma itholakala control unit.

Ukubuyiselwa emoyeni ukugeleza inzwa - a operation esitebeleni of injini nekhompyutha

Manje uyazi mayelana amakhompyutha. Kuyini, ngayiphi injongo odinga ukukwazi. Sekuyisikhathi sokukhuluma kancane mayelana idivayisi sokulinganisa, ezithinta ukusebenza wayo elungile. Buyisela inzwa oluphakeme elula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, usebenzisa ukufakwa kokumqoka kuphela Phillips, athambise ngocingo, ehambisana umlomo wombhobho. Ngaphezu kwalokho sokudubula emikhonweni, okuyinto eyenziwa esidayisa emoyeni. Ngemva kwalokho ukusonta "10" Kuyadingeka ukuba asuse ngezikulufo ezimbili ukuthi Mount wenza MAF inzwa ngqo lemifanekiso emoyeni. Ngemva kwalokho, inzwa kungaba bazobhujiswa. Ukufaka iyunithi oda reverse. Uma ususa inzwa yokuhlanza, ungazami ukusebenza ngesikhathi ukugeza Kuvunguza, thinta ngezandla zakho noma ezinye izinto. It bavunyelwe kuphela sishaye isifutho ungene kobuso wire-platinum.

isiphetho

Uyazi okuncane mayelana amakhompyutha. Kuyini, futhi ngokuqinisekile waqonda. Lokhu kwakwenziwa ngayiphi injongo udinga imoto - kakhulu. Zama ukuqapha isimo hhayi kuphela iyunithi ngogesi, kodwa futhi ngoba izinzwa kanye actuators. Sinenkosi ukuba ukuba zisesimweni ephelele, ukuthi zazingekho izinkinga.