Uyini uwoyela?

Amafutha okumbiwa yibo bonke abantu esikoleni. Kodwa akubona bonke abantu uyazi ukuthi senziwe, limbiwa kanjani futhi lapho sisetshenziswa khona. Uyini uwoyela? Le nhlanganisela hydrocarbon esimweni liquid kokuba isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi igcwaliswe izinto gaseous noma ezinye. Kulo zikhiqiza izinhlobo ayizinkulungwane eziningana imikhiqizo ehlukene.

Uwoyela ongahluziwe ezifakwa zitholakala ajulile. Ngemva isizinda it is distilled, kanjalo nokususa ukungcola engadingeki therefrom.

Oil - kuyinto ketshezi oily, okuyinto ine impahla ezivuthayo. It has iphunga othize. Umbala uwoyela kungaba ezahlukene. It kuncike ngezithako zawo, indawo zokukhiqiza kanye kungaba isukela kungenambala abamnyama. Traditional salokhu ezimbiwa phansi kuyinto umbala onsundu nge Tint kancane ogqamile.

Uyini uwoyela, sithole manje ukuhlola ngezithako zawo. Ingxenye enkulu isakhiwo uwoyela carbon. Kuyinto mayelana 80-87 amaphesenti. Kusukela 11 kuya kwangu-15 e ukwakheka kwamafutha kuthatha hydrogen. Ngaphezu kwalokho, it has a sulphur, i-nitrogen, umoya-mpilo, ayibe, nickel, aluminium, insimbi, barium yombala, manganese namanye izakhi zamakhemikhali. Isabelo sabo nenqwaba Imininingwane azinakwa. Zonke izici ze akha elibona nxazonke uhlamvu organic wezinto ezingaphili.

Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi la mafutha, ingasaphathwa impahla yayo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kubo, ukuthi isintu esebenzisa ngokwezinga elikhulu, kuba ikhono ukwaba semali ukushisa lapho ishiswa. Oil - lokhu ingenye main imithombo yamandla. Imikhiqizo okuyinto akhiqizwa kuyo, abe izinga eliphakeme kakhulu amandla omlilo ukushisa.

Ukusebenzisa impahla lamafutha njenganoma yikuphi nezinye iziphuzo shabalala ngesikhathi abilayo, it is behlukene kuziwa ezingxenyaneni. Oil sakhiwa izingxenye ezihlukahlukene ukuthi babe gaseous ngaphansi kwamazinga ahlukahlukene okushisa. Ngezinye 200 degrees abelwe hydrocarbon okuqondene ingxenyenamba uphethiloli at 250 - naphtha hydrocarbon. Ngezinye 250-315 degrees savela carbon kaphalafini-igesi namafutha ingxenyenamba, futhi ngezinye 350 - carbons uwoyela. Ngemva egqamisa zonke ezimpini ezinkulu uhlala yomsizi netiyela.

Uyini uwoyela, ukuvumela abantu bazi ngaphezulu eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa BC. AbaseGibhithe lasendulo belisebenzisa njengophawu imithi futhi njengendlela yokwakha. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, wafunda nendlela ukuphuma kaphalafini.

Ekuqaleni, abantu asetshenziswa kuphela mafutha phezu. Khona-ke motor okusungulile steel sokuprakthiza imithombo phakamisa uwoyela kwamanzi emhlabeni.

izimayini Modern lokhu yezimbiwa ngemishini ngokuphelele. Emhlabeni wonke, izinkulungwane amakhilomitha of amapayipi. Njengoba uwoyela emaningi kakhulu, abaxoshe amapayipi amaphampu ekhethekile.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma azalelwa petroleum. Ngokusho inguqulo Lokudabuka biogenic lamafutha - kuba izinsalela zezilwane nezitshalo. Bakhandwa aguqulwe ungqimba lomhlaba kule ketshezi izigidi zeminyaka. Abasekeli izinguqulo abiogenic asikisela umsuka wezinto lokhu wezinsalela zamandulo.

Ukwakheka amafutha izinga incike indawo idiphozi. Uwoyela ongahluziwe ekhiqizwe esifundeni Baku, has a lot of cycloparaffins kanye ongaphakeme-carbon imikhawulo. uwoyela Grozny, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ecebile nokukhawulela carbon. Northern Amafutha iqukethe hydrocarbon elimnandi inqwaba.

Amafutha, kanye igesi, iyona eluhlaza impahla kanye umthombo wamandla oyinhloko ngesintu. Imikhiqizo ezenziwe kuwo asetshenziswa kuzozonke imikhakha yezomnotho. Mayelana ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo imali futhi ukufunwa uwoyela namuhla izinqolobane zalo kanzima isiyaphela. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ukusebenzisa kangcono izinsiza ekhishwe, kuthuthukiswe ukucubungulwa nekusebenta ezimbiwa phansi, ukufuna amasimu amasha nezindlela kawoyela kusukela olujulileyo.