Uyini umthetho ukulondolozwa kagesi

Njengoba sazi esikoleni physics Yiqiniso, umthetho ukulondolozwa kagesi e kukagesi emizimbeni. Uma uthi nhlá kungase kubonakale ukuthi ngokwazi iqiniso kuyinto abstract kakhulu ukubhekana nazo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Manje ake sixoxe ngokuthi empeleni nalapho kungenzeka ukuhlangabezana umthetho ukulondolozwa kagesi.

Imfundiso samanje isakhiwo microcosm baphikisa ngokuthi abathwali ibuye - electron, ingenye izinhlayiya esitebeleni kunazo. Amandla akakwazi zinyamalale: endaweni yonke kuphela ukuguqulwa yayo kwenzeka. Ngakho, umthetho ukulondolozwa kagesi. Ake sithi kungenzeka i-electron ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ihlukaniswe nezinye izingxenye izinhlayiya (isib ikhasi lesikhwama sasekhaya futhi neutrino esiyivelakancane) nge ukukhokhiswa net ezifanele. Nokho, kuze kube manje isayensi olusemthethweni ophika kwakungenzeka lokhu, ngoba isipiliyoni esiwusizo (futhi bafeza ngokuphindaphindiwe) kwehlulekile. Akumangalisi ukuthi i-electron kuyinto indivisible, kuba ongashi ... Isikhathi ezincwadini khona kuyizinhlayiyana okungenani 10 kuya 22 degrees.

Kuyinto imfihlo ukuthi icala Imininingwane ye-athomu zero. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-engemihle kuzo zonke electron inxephezelwa omuhle ophethe proton nucleus. Kuhaya neutralization mutual, Nokho athomu lulonke lusesimweni kagesi hlangothi. Yiqiniso, uma ukuhlinzeka eneji olwengeziwe (isib, shisisa impahla okushisa aphakeme noma kuthinte kushintshana kazibuthe), ama-electron ku uzungeza yangaphandle (valency) angashiya "indawo" okusemthethweni yayo. Kulokhu, a ion izidakamizwa futhi electron khulula. Kodwa ngokuvamile, amandla atholwe yi-kuyizinhlayiyana is Babechichima ngesimo izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya futhi ama-athomu uyalulama isakhiwo esitebeleni. Ikesi ekhethekile - ngokuhlanganisa izakhi, lapho ezinye izinhlayiya asetshenziswa athomu amabili (noma ngaphezulu). Umthetho nokongiwa nakho kwenziwe ukuze afike ekugcineni.

Kodwa emuva microcosm yesifunda ukuphila esisebenzayo. Umthetho ukulondolozwa kwenkokhiso kagesi kabanzi lisetshenziswe izibalo Ihluzo Elingafaki Ukuqoka. Ngokwesibonelo, kwanele kokukhumbula wokuqala kokubusa Kirchhoff. Eqinisweni, it qinisekisa umthetho ukulondolozwa kagesi. Ngokwesibonelo, e-AC izifunda of ezintathu okhombisa zamanje evame ukusetshenziswa indlela umqhubi uxhumano e inkanyezi. Kulesigaba ezintathu babashayeli uxhumeke kwi-engeyokuqala. Kunengqondo, nakanjani sesiwancamulile ngekukhula wamanje kanye kubethwa impahla conductive. Empeleni, lokhu okulandelayo kwenzeka: e isamba ngasinye ezifana node we imisinga ilingana no-zero. Izibalo (umhlangano) inflowing imisinga ezibhekwa omuhle naphumayo - ezingezinhle. Ngamanye amazwi: I1 + I2 + I3 = 0, nokuthi nakho kuyiqiniso, I2 = I1-I3, nokunye. Ngamagama alula, icala engenayo singadluli inani aphumayo kusuka engeyokuqala. Uma ngaphansi babashayeli enjalo yokuxhuma umthetho ukulondolozwa amacala ayisebenzanga, wayeyokwazi eqoshiwe ekuqongeleleni izinhlayiya icala kule site, futhi akwenzeki.

Electrical kanye ama-athomu - lokhu akulona nje endaweni lapho umthetho ukulondolozwa kwemali. Biology kanye wezitshalo nazo akayikhohliwe. Lapho abadumile photosynthesis (ukudalwa udaba eziphilayo e-chlorophyll okusanhlamvu ngaphansi isenzo elangeni) ngesikhathi ukumuncwa quantum ukukhanya isakhiwo Indwangu ekushiyeni electron eyodwa. Nokho, kusukela ngo-ngaleyo ndlela i-molecule ye-chlorophyll Uthola icala omuhle, "isikhala singenamuntu" igcwele omunye izinhlayiya khulula. Eqinisweni, sibonga umthetho ukulondolozwa kwenkokhiso angaba khona ngesimo yonke, lapho zonke thina zijwayele.