Uyini abalindi? Inshokutsi yemagama omqondofana

Ebusuku, zokuhlonipha kwagcizelela, onesizotha, ayimi, ngezinyawo ... Kungenzeka ukudlulisa unomphela. Kodwa uma kusiza ukuqonda ukuthi yini yabalindi? Kunalokho kungekho kuka yebo. Ngakho-ke kungcono ukuba zifune usizo izichazamazwi eziningi ...

Inani oqondile

Uyini abalindi? Okokuqala, leli gama. ukuhlaziywa morphological kusikisela ukuthi kokubili ibizo elithi kuhluke izici ezilandelayo: libito ezivamile, engaphili, wesilisa isiZulu yesibili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lucebe Unit hhayi elilodwa eziningana nezincazelo. Njenganoma Ngamanye amazwi multi-value "usizo" sinenai kokubili ngqo futhi ephathekayo. Ake sibone owokuqala. wabeluleki wethu aphezulu kulandela zezikhombo kukhona ngalolu daba: "esishoyo Dictionary Ulimi Russian" eyahlelwa V Dahl, "New Dictionary of isiRashiya. Beveza-bheke ", eyahlelwa u-Efrayimi TF futhi" Dictionary of isiRashiya, "abalobi Ozhegov S. I. Shvedova N. Yu.

Ngakho, umbuzo, yini unogada idatha-zezilimi, abacwaningi aphendule oyingqayizivele nokuchitshiyelwa ezincane: yabalindi, ibutho elihlomile eyayibekwe ukuvikela noma yini nanoma ubani. Okwakushiwo "nokuqapha" "unogada" olusetshenziswe inhlanganisela ezifana "unogada Garrison," "nodumo unogada", "Shintsha unogada", "iqoqo unogada" nabanye.

amanani yesibili

Meaning of amazwi esadaleka ngesisekelo original ngokuthi ephathekayo. Vula isichazamazwi futhi bathola ukuthi unogada ngaphansi inombolo "ezimbili" - duty onogada, duty isimo. Okwakushiwo "iposi", "unogada" isetshenziswa imigomo elandelayo: "ukuthatha umuntu eqashelwe", "sithwale unogada", "ume siqaphe".

Nokho, kukhona ukubaluleka kwengosi kuba inani "ezintathu" - esihlalweni onogada. Ngezinye Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina zikhona imigqa ngale ndaba: "Kahle zilimaze e mbukiso, futhi yokuthamela uya aqaphe." Ukuze kugcinwe ithokheni Ukudluliselwa isihloko sethu kusukela Thobelanani iphutha ngesisekelo ukufana, okungukuthi ukudlulisa ehilela futhi adjacency - metonymic incazelo ongokomfanekiso.

Cry usizo

umbhali Russian Sergei Lukyanenko, owayephila wethu, uthi lolu hlobo le nkulumo kanje: "Kukhona uhlobo lwenkululeko amnyama okuyinto okhulula indoda, okokuqala kunakho konke, kusukela yena, kusukela unembeza wakhe. Uma bezizwa bengelutho ngaphakathi, futhi yimuphi ukungabi khona ubuhlungu, amemeze "Usizo", Nakuba kuyinto sekwephuze kakhulu ukuba .... " Hlobo luni ngengila? It kuvela ukuthi yonke izichazamazwi babe kanye esizedlula zonke ngaphansi "ezine" inombolo - ngikhale, ukukhala yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba, ucela usizo. Yilokho ukuthini umbhali yena.

umsuka

"Onogada" Token (incazelo yegama elithi kufanele sibe) - akuyona lwendabuko-Russian. It kubolekwe kusukela Turkic futhi-Mongolian izilimi, okuyizinto eqinisweni eduze ahlobene. sezilimi Russian Sergey Anatolevich Starostin uveza ukuthi kuqalwa okufanele ibhekwe njengelungelo ulimi-Mongolian, nakuba kungenzeka bese ubuyela kwemali. Ngamanye amazwi, kuqala-Mongolian ithokheni "kara", "kara" (buka) lidlule ku-Turkish "kara" (buka), bese yaguqulwa "unogada" (ngokwewashi) kanye futhi engu- komngcele namaMongol okufanayo fomu.

Lucebe izinto phakathi abaseTurkey "Karak" - amehlo, "Kara, karys, Kara" - Bheka, jamela, ababukele, ukungenisa ukunakekelwa Yiqiniso, kwadingeka yayo ithonya phezu okwengeziwe tingucuko izwi. Idatha okunikeziwe kusukela "Indo-European isichazamazwi etymological", wadala ngesisekelo ucwaningo Starostina S. A. "uMbhoshongo WaseBhabhele".

A emagama lafanako ukuba igama elithi "Siza!"

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ifundelwe iyunithi lucebe uphiko multi-zenani kolimi. Ngenxa yalokho, i-value ngamunye has bomcondvofana lalo. Ngaphambi ukufakwa kuhlu kubo, udinga ukukhumbula lokho lapho bekhuluma.

Ngo yezilimi, isayensi ulimi, ngaphansi omqondofana elivame ukuqondwa ngayo amagama ikakhulukazi eyodwa futhi ingxenye efanayo yokukhuluma, abe namanani efanayo, kodwa kuhluke isipelingi umsindo. Naprmer, umusa - esintwini, ngabandayo, nobumnene; Castle - esigodlweni, inqaba.

Yini okungukuthi igama elifanayo elithi "usizo" ngomqondo "abaqaphele iyunithi, embukisweni ukuze kuvikeleke othile noma into ethile"? Eziningi kuzo: ukuphepha, unogada, buka, Umgcini. Synonyms kwezwi lokuba ukuhlaziywa ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso - 'ukukhamuluka, ucela usizo "- kukhona amathokheni ezifana" ukukhala, ukusiza, londoloza, sos ". Thola ulwazi kwasiza enye incwadi inkomba - "Dictionary of bomcondvofana Russian", uN abramov, equkethe amazwi ezingaphezu kuka eyizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amathathu nezinkulungwane imishwana.

inkulumo esitebeleni

Ukuhlaziywa amathokheni "Onogada" (incazelo bheka isithombe esingenhla) Kuzoxoxwa ngani i akuphelele, uma kungekhona ukudweba iso ukuze lo mkhuba ngokolimi ezifana phraseology. Ngempela, kunezifundo eziningi isethi amabinzana, okuyinto ekhona Ukwakheka olucutshungulwayo iyunithi lucebe. Phakathi izinkulumo ezithakazelisa kakhulu futhi asetshenziswa njalo kucatshangwa ukuthi "okungenani yabalindi ukuthethisa," "qhubekani unogada" futhi "umlindi ebhodini." Basuke izimpawu phraseologism zonke izici eziyisisekelo, okungukuthi, ukuzinza, ubuqotho inhlanganisela izingxenye ezimbili noma ngaphezulu, kanye khona inani elilodwa, ongakaphathelani ukubaluleka ngamunye izwi engenayo kuwo.

Izibonelo ezingenhla imishwana basuke ubuqotho, ukuzinza, abe namanani ezivamile, "nakuba zimemeza unogada" - elisindayo, isimo esiqeda ithemba, "sihlale siqaphe" - ukuze avikele okuthile, ahlale phezu iwashi, "umlindi ibhodi" - i ukusakazwa akusebenzi elihlobene ne izinsizwa Umlindi beat ngayo ngesando.

yindlela ethandwayo

Ukukhuluma yabalindi, ingasaphathwa yindlela ethandwayo - "Unogada ekhathele!". ubuqambi layo kuthiwa wenziwa itilosi Zheleznyaki, ngubani iqhaza elibonakalayo zisakaza we ababamele LoMhlangano ngoJanuwari 1918. Ngokusho zomlando idatha ekuseni itilosi langena ivulekile, ngokukhazimulayo Lit ihholo isigodlo, lapho bekunomhlangano, wadlula eziningi chungechunge, ngesibindi wathatha yesikhulumi futhi ngokuqinile ukubuzwa isikhulumi kanye nabo bonke ababekhona ukuba stop umhlangano, ukuphikisana okuthiwa unogada okungukuthi ukhathele. Lesi sitatimende wenqaba athukuthele futhi aklabalase ngamandla thukuthele. Kodwa Zhelezniak baqhubeka ingcindezi, bethi abasebenzi Akudingi ingxoxo, futhi wasiphinda ibinzana yakhe mlando: "Lo nogada ekhathele!". Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kube lizimelele ku yezisho njengoba umusho-elifanekisela kwavukelwa ahlomile.

amagama esemthethweni

Futhi manje-ke sika isikhathi baphendukela encyclopedia, okungukuthi - emhlabeni odumile ensayiklophidiya Brockhaus futhi Efron, "Great Soviet Encyclopedia esichaza" futhi "Military Encyclopedia". On umbuzo yini isivikelo, unogada, basuke sebati zembula okushiwo eside.

Ezinsukwini Russia tsarist e onogada yempi aba efreytorskie, izikhulu ze-non-ethunywe nezinduna. Namuhla ebuthweni isiRashiya, kunezinye amayunithi. Okokuqala, kuba unogada yangaphakathi noma womkhumbi, elibhekene nomse- lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela izinto ngaphakathi ekamu lezempi noma umkhumbi.

Kukhona isikaniso unogada. Le mfundo yesikhashana eyenzelwe ukuvikela izindawo isikaniso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona on-site, unogada yesikhashana nodumo. I lokuqala nelesibili ihlelwe ukuze kuvikeleke wezimpahla yamasosha noma waboshwa ezokuthutha, okusho ngaphandle Insimu Abezempi. Futhi ekugcineni, elokugcina - inkampani kwakhiwa ukuze kuvikeleke izingosi mlando, ukubaluleka isimo izinto ukuhlangabezana ezihloniphekile abavela kwamanye amazwe ukuze ikhefu-ukuyiswa honours lempi.