Georgy Tovstonogov (1915-1989), yaseshashalazini umqondisi: Biography, lokusungula

Georgiy Aleksandrovich Tovstonogov - Soviet umqondisi yaseshashalazini, Umculi Yabantu zase-USSR, Dagestan futhi Georgia, kanye owawina imiklomelo eminingi, kuhlanganise Lenin futhi uStalin.

umndeni

George Tovstonogov wazalwa ngo-1915 eGeorgia, e Tbilisi. Lo muzi kuyoba negalelo yangempela lokuqala umqondisi esizayo. Uyise zazingenzelwanga nge nkundla noma amabamba umdlalo, kodwa umsebenzi oholelayo wesikhathi ngesikhathi futhi ngaba nesikhundla esiphakeme kahle eliphezulu. Alexander Tovstonogov ubesebenza njengomshayeli unjiniyela ujantshi kanye kwaba umsebenzi elihloniphekile Ministry Georgian ka Railways.

Kodwa umama, ngokungafani noyise, kwaba onobuqambi o-creative kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe. Tamara Papitashvili wayengumhlabeleli nomqambi wangempela, okuyinto ngokusemthethweni waqinisekisa idiploma yakhe kusukela St Petersburg Conservatory. Ngezinye George lanxa engomncinyane udade Natela ukuthi eseyingane, futhi abe nokuphila omdala njengoba ngomfazi umlingisi Yevgeny Lebedev, owayethandwa kakhulu futhi ohlonishwa umfowabo njalo wamnakekela ekuqaleni, bese njengoba kwa-anti, namadodana akhe.

inyunyana

Lapho esekhulile, George Tovstonogov, ukuphila kwakhe siqu akuyona luningi kakhulu, wafuna ukudala omndeni owodwa, futhi yayiyini yena ngokwakhe, kodwa lokhu kwakudingekile ukuze uthole umngane omuhle. Futhi indoda, kwanqunywa kusukela ekuqaleni ukuthi umkakhe, abafana naye, obekulokhu kudingeka ukuba abe creative. Ngenxa yalokho, nonkosikazi wakhe wokuqala wayengumfundi wesazi nkundla yakhe siqu Salom Kancheli. Bashada ngo-1943, kodwa umndeni ujabule akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside, ngo-1945 umbhangqwana wafaka isicelo sesehlukaniso. Nokho umfelandawonye Kancheli iye yaba nendima enkulu emphilweni umqondisi: umshado wamnika amadodana amabili - uNicholas Alexandra.

Ngo-1958 Tovstonogov Georgiy Aleksandrovich wanquma ukuba aphinde ashade. Nakulokhu futhi, choice yakhe yawela phezu umdlali waseshashalazini. Bekanye Innoy Kondratevoy umuntu owahlala iminyaka 4 kanye futhi sehlulekile ukugcina umndeni - umshado usuhlakazekile ngo-1962.

Njenganoma iyiphi ubuntu yaseshashalazini, biography BDT egcwele zikhathi egqamile futhi izindaba zokuphila kwakhe, kokubili siqu futhi kwezobuciko. Futhi kuyoba ongaziwa uma biography of umqondisi omkhulu iphelile ngaphandle phambili bantfwana bakhe kanye nebatukulu.

Ezinyathelweni likayise noyisemkhulu waya Aleksandr Georgievich Tovstonogov nendodana yakhe Tovstonogov Georgiy Aleksandrovich Jr .. Bobabili baye exhumene ukuphila kwabo endaweni yesehlakalo futhi baba umqondisi yaseshashalazini owaziwa.

umqondisi Childhood futhi intsha

Njengoba sekushiwo, George Tovstonogov wazalwa ngo Tiflis. Ngaphambili, iminyaka yabo efanayo iya esikoleni, futhi ngineminyaka engu-15 uma isiqedile. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, insizwa kakhulu umqondisi esizayo ezimathonsi badonsekela yaseshashalazini, umalume wakhe lapho ngisebenza. Kodwa umndeni, ikakhulukazi ubaba, indodana odlulela kuhlukile indlela yokuphila. Engafuni ukuphikisana othile omaziyo, Tovstonogov ifika Tbilisi sesitimela Institute, lapho ngokujabula upake uyise - inhloko eyodwa kwalelo khono.

Kodwa ungakwenza kanjani into esusa wonke amandla futhi kuletha awunakuthokoza? Hhayi ngonyaka odlule, Tovstonogov kokushiya Institute, futhi ngo-1931 wahlela umqondisi umlingisi umsizi ku Theatre for Intsha Tbilisi. Shona ngaphakathi the bombo of NY Marshak wathi ikhono ngokushesha otusekayo umlingisi abasha, kodwa ngoba ngo-1933 waphathiswa Georgiyu Tovstonogovu okuhleliwe show yakhe yokuqala ngqá ngokuthi "Isiphakamiso" (ngokuvumelana umkhiqizo Antona Pavlovicha Chehova).

Ukutadisha e GITIS

Ngemva impumelelo nokusebenza kwakhe izibani umqondisi nethemba eminye sikufisela inhlanhla. Ngo-1933 ngesikhathi engena GITIS, kodwa wobudala ukungena sikhungo kukhawulwe, kwenza umlingisi omkhulu esizayo ukukopisha imibhalo yabo, kokubalula ngokwayo engu-2. Wafundisa ngesikhathi GITIS abadumile kuyilapho abaqondisi nabafundisi yaseshashalazini AM Lobanov futhi AD Popov. Wabhalisa esikoleni. amaphupho abo, amahlamvu Tovstonogov kanye yaseshashalazini yabo yokuqala, okuyinto wambeka phezu kwezinyawo zakhe - Theatre for Ezentsha, sibonga ethiyetha ngokuphindaphindiwe ukukhombisa kudlala entsha.

Ngo-1937, kwenzeka okuthile okwenza ezingase Siphuphé Tovstonogov kuphela okwakwenzeka esibi kunazo - ngenxa yokucindezelwa kayise George Tovstonogov kwathiwa indodana isitha abantu, ngakho ne engu-4 GITISa Man axoshwe. Ngemva inamba yokuzama ukuchitha isikhathi ukubuyela isimangaliso sangempela kwenzeka ohlelweni yokusakaza. Futhi baba ngephutha belahla amazwi UJoseph Stalin, umbusi wabantu wangaleyo nkathi, "INdodana uyise ayiphenduli." Ngenxa yalokho, umqondisi kuyehla, futhi lolungenamaphutsa kuphetha GITIS.

Qala oqondisa umsebenzi

Ngo 1938-1946 GG. Tovstonogov wayesebenza esikhumulweni Theatre Tbilisi Drama yaqanjwa NJENGOBA Griboyedov. Ngaleyo minyaka esifanayo, uthi Umculi Yabantu ye-USSR A. Khorava evumela Georgy Alexandrovich ukuthatha emfundisweni omunye amaqembu abadlali '. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, e-BDT sebeqala ukubona umqondisi okhokhelwayo.

Moscow amatiyetha

Ngo-1946, umqondisi eshiya Georgia sakubo futhi ulwela ukunqoba yesehlakalo amatiyetha Russian. Tovstonogov ifika eMoscow, lapho yena uyahola ngu amatiyetha ambalwa. Ngentshiseko Futhi ngcono okuqhubekayo kwezindlela yayo kanye nokusebenza abadlali izinhlelo eziye zaholela yokuthi kusukela ngo-1946 kuya 1949 Tovstonogov Georgiy Aleksandrovich, ukuphila kwakhe siqu manje komculo kwezahlakalo ezahlukene ngokulinganayo kahle wawuqondiswa amatiyetha ezimbili - Central Wezingane nokuyobona enengqondo.

Leningrad amatiyetha

Kusukela ngo-1949, umqondisi luhlala enhloko-dolobha yamasiko Russia - Leningrad, manje Petersburg. Kulo nyaka, waba ngomunye wabaqondisi ngo-1950 - umqondisi omkhulu we-Leningrad Theatre of the Lenin Komsomol. Kulesi yaseshashalazini Tovstonogov ekugcineni efika ekhaya: ukusebenza ngemidlalo kanti ukunandisa, ukusiza abadlali yokuphindukuzalwa, ukuze bathuthukise amakhono abo - konke lokhu wanika Georgy Alexandrovich injabulo enkulu.

Ukuze umsebenzi wabo engcono Tovstonogov yaklonyeliswa Stalin futhi Lenin Imiklomelo, manje ngamunye ukusebenza kwakhe ziphoqa hhayi kuphela komunye umuzi, kodwa futhi kulo lonke izwe.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1956, uGeorge Tovstonogov - umqondisi ngohlamvu capital - umenyiwe ukuba ahole ama-Drama Big Theatre (BDT njll) Gorky. Kusukela ngo-1949 kuya ku-1956 ethiyetha washintsha abaqondisi okungenani ezine. Kwakusho into eyodwa: ethiyetha saphela umsebenzi ngaphandle kokuthi umuntu eziqondisayo.

Drama Big Theatre (BDT) kubo. BDT

Iminyaka 6 lomsebenzi njengoba umqondisi Leningrad Theatre of the Lenin Komsomol George Tovstonogov, ukuphila siqu okuyinto manje kwaba ukuprakthiza njalo, iwine ukuqashelwa hhayi kuphela umphakathi, kodwa futhi nalabo bezinye yeshashalazi Russia, ukuze ubukhulu bakhe kwelinye amathiyetha edume kakhulu kuleli zwe kuphela uye waqinisa maqondana abantu kuye.

Hhayi uvumela ngokushesha, umqondisi namanje ephethwe Theatre Februwari 13, 1956. Kwakusobala ukuthi ukuze ubuyele isimo BDT zazidingeka izindlela ezinkulu, futhi Tovstonogov wayewasebenzisa. On imiyalo yakhe, kwakuthiwe usedilize ezingaphezu kwesigamu IBamba qembu futhi wamema abadlali abasha eziningana. Life of the weshashalazi kwaba ngawo ugcwaliseka ngokugcwele futhi, njengoba ezinsukwini zakudala.

Isizini yokuqala waseshashalazini ukusebenza amasha amane ekhululwa, ngalinye elikwazi Wamukelwa ngemfudumalo nguwonkewonke. Kancane kancane, umqondisi ephethwe kabusha bafake ku ukhonkolo, yaseshashalazini kanye izithameli ucezu nomdlandla, owawungumnyaka esivela ethiyetha njalo. Kodwa lokhu akuzange kuwumise umqondisi.

Njengoba umqondisi Theatre Tovstonogov wakhonza cishe 33 of the year - futhi minyaka yonke ezingasho waphakamisa isimo sakhe emehlweni manje hhayi kuphela Russia kodwa umhlaba wonke. Ngenxa yalokho, le nkundla, okuyinto eyaba umndeni wakhe, wagabadela igama lakhe: BDT kubo. BDT.

ozokwenza okufaneleko

Qhubekela umqondisi sika indaba uhlobo BDT wathatha ezimbili kuphela: indodana umqondisi nomzukulu wakhe. Futhi-ke, iyiphi isibukeli necebo umbono ukuqhathanisa wesandla yabo. Uma indodana amkhethile isitayela kancane ezingafani, umzukulu, a namesake umnyuziki George Alexandrovich, engazi, kubonakala ngokungavamile iqondiswe imikhiqizo. Ngeshwa, bezikhali ukuqondisa umzukulu olukhulu BDT awuzange kudalulwe. Ngo-2012, njengoba kwasho insizwa egama, George Tovstonogov Jr. wafa.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe, George Tovstonogov ephethwe yemidlalo, wahlala waphefumulela ukusebenza kanye productions.

Meyi 23, 1989 ku BDT wawuzoqhutshwa kudlalwé umdlalo omusha. Umqondisi Oyinhloko esimisiwe usuku, futhi ehleli emotweni yakhe siqu, ushayise ... Nokho, akazange uthole umndeni. Ngo imoto emgwaqweni kumisiwe. George Tovstonogov, indoda wachitha ukuphila kwakhe konke esiteji bese ekusithekeni injabulo lona omunye umuntu, wadonsa siphuma kwalasha lokulibala manje enkundleni enkulu engaba kabani zokudala engabophekile ngaphezulu, wafa ngaso leso sikhathi. Kwaba zihlala isikhathi eside ukuthi ungumoya umuntu emangalisayo uhlala manje futhi bayophila phakade.