Umthombo weZeya ungumthombo wokuchuma esifundeni noma ukuqala kwenhlekelele yemvelo?

Umthombo wamanzi weZeya uyindawo enamandla, efinyelela kumamitha angama-93. Ubuhle obumangalisayo kanye nokwakhiwa kwamandla, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubonakala njengesibusiso esikhulu, okufaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni umnotho nokuthuthukisa izimo zokuphila zabantu, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi - njengobungozi obukhulu, ukwephula ibhalansi yemvelo futhi kubangele ukulimala kwemvelo. Futhi zombili lezi zimpendulo zilungile ngokuphelele. Muva nje, izwi elithi "oluhlaza" lizwakala ngokwengeziwe ngokuzethemba futhi ligcizelele ukuthi izinga lamanzi emgodini weZeya liqukethe ingozi enkulu. Ngemuva kwalokho, uma ubuqotho bodamu buphukile, zonke izindawo nezindawo ezihlala ngaphansi komuzi, eduze komfula, ziyohlanzwa ngemifudlana enamandla ebusweni bomhlaba.

Isakhiwo seZeya sashintsha ukubonakala kwesifunda sase-Amur

I-current yayo yokuqala yanikezwa yi-Far East HPP ngasekupheleni kwe-1975. Umsebenzi onzima kanye nemizamo emikhulu kwakudingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-Zeya reservoir. Kodwa ngenxa yalokho, zonke izindawo ezihlala ezindaweni ezihlala endaweni engamakhilomitha angamakhulu ambalwa, zathola amandla kagesi angabizi. Umthamo wesiteshi samandla kagesi aphezulu kakhulu. Ikhiqiza kuze kube ngu-5 billion kW / h kagesi ngonyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe be-HPP benza imisebenzi eyengeziwe. Zilawula ama-frequencies wamanje, nokwandisa imithwalo yezinhlanzi e-Far Eastern energy complex system, nokugcina izinkomba ezidingekayo zamandla asebenzayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwabo njalo yiwona wonke umkhumbi weZeya. Ukukhishwa kwamanzi kungumsebenzi odingekayo ngesikhathi sokuqala kwezikhukhula ukuze ingcindezi edamu ingafinyeleli iphuzu elibucayi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo sonke isikhathi sokusebenza kwakungekho izingozi ezivunyelwe, futhi sonke isifunda sase-Amur sagcwala izibani. Amabhizinisi amakhulu akhiwe lapha, imboni ithuthukiswe.

Abantu bathola ukuvikelwa ezikhukhuleni, ukukhanya nokushisa

Esikhathini esibi kakhulu sasebusika, ngenxa yamandla akhiqizwa umkhumbi weZeya, noma kunalokho amanzi ayo, izindlu zendawo yonke eMpumalanga Ekude yeRussian Federation, kuhlanganise ne-Primorsky Territory, uMmandla wase-Amur, iKhabarovsk Territory, uCita kanye nesifunda sayo sonke, ziyashisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu bayeka ukuhlupheka futhi bafe ngenxa yezikhukhula eziyingozi, njalo njalo, njalo eminyakeni engama-2-3, zikhukhula imizi yonke, zithwala izinkomo nezinto. Ukugeleza kwamanzi okungalawuliwe kubangele ukulimala okungenakuqhathaniswa nokwehla komhlabathi okuvundile, okwakungeyona ingxenye ekuthuthukiseni umkhakha wezolimo.

Izinto ezimbi

Phakathi nokuklama nokwakhiwa kwe-hydropower plant, akekho owenza amahloni ukuthi amanzi kaZeya azokhukhula endaweni enkulu yehlathi. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwesigamu sesisekelo saso sigcwele izihlahla nezihlahla. Lapho le nto isakhiwe, kwakhiwe izindlu ezintsha zokuvuselela izakhamizi ezivela emadolobheni angu-14 okubhekene nezikhukhula. Kodwa, iziphathimandla zendawo zanquma ukungenzi imisebenzi yokuhlanza, ingaboni noma yikuphi ukwesaba kuyo. Namuhla, izinkuni ezikhukhulayo zikhulula ama-phenols ngenxa yokubola, futhi ukuhlushwa kwazo kukhula njalo. Lokhu kungenye yezinto ezimbi. Enye iwukuthi leli damu lahlukanisa umfula libe izingxenye ezimbili, ngakho-ke kusukela ophansi ufika enhlanzi awukwazi ukukhuphukela ezindaweni ezingenhla ukuzalela. Ngakho-ke, ibheyili likaZeya ladala umonakalo omkhulu wemvelo.