UMthetho Federal № 400 "Ngo Umshwalense Izimpesheni" ngamagama alula. UMthetho Federal of 12.28.2013

A indima enkulu bonke abahola impesheni udlala FZ-400 "Ngo Umshwalense Izimpesheni". Into wukuthi uhlelo impesheni njalo ahlupheke izinguquko eRussia. Ngakho kufanele sibe nesithakazelo onyakeni, khuyini ezokwenzeka kubantu abaye sokumpeshena, esikhathini esithile. Ngubani ofanelekile ukuze ukhokhe umshwalense? Ngezinga elingakanani lwabelwe ukwesekwa impesheni zalolu hlobo? Mayelana zonke umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama kufanele ukhulume kusengaphambili. Phela izinguquko zakamuva, elaba amandla ngo-2016, ukuthi iphazamiseke uhlelo yempesheni WaseRussia.

NeMibandela okuvela izinkokhelo

Into yokuqala kufanele sinake - lena isimo nesenzakalo kokukhokhwa kwempesheni. 400-FZ ka 28.12.2013 ichaza ngokusobala imithetho wokusungula impesheni umshwalense. Uma imigomo kungafinyelelwa kuyo, ungenzi sengathi uthole ezinye uhlobo ukwesekwa.

Okwamanje, it is esishoyo ukuthi inzuzo umshwalense ikhokhelwa zonke izakhamuzi abaye sokumpeshena. Abesifazane Russian uthole isimo abahola impesheni 55, futhi amadoda - eminyakeni engu-60.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinkathi umshwalense kuleli cala kumele okungenani ube neminyaka engu-15. Okusho ukuthi, uma phakathi nalesi sikhathi, isakhamuzi wenza izinkokhelo Pension Fund, ufanelwe ukuba izinkokhelo ezinjalo. Kodwa akugcini lapho.

Iphuzu liwukuthi Russia manje esebenza simiso okuza. Unyaka nonyaka wasebenza isakhamuzi bazothola amanye amaphuzu futhi okuza. Lesi sakamuva kumele okungenani ibe 30. Yingaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho izimo kuhlaziywa impesheni umshwalense ukuze izakhamuzi ezivamile.

ekhubazekile

Kodwa lena enye nje lomshuwalense ukusekela sabantu umhlalaphansi yobudala. Kukhona izinguqulo izenzakalo ngendlela ehlukile. Njengoba ibalwa kanye ikhokhwe impesheni yokukhubazeka umshwalense?

NgokoMthetho 400 Disemba 28, 2013, i-le nkokhelo Unelungelo zonke izakhamuzi ngubani bakule noma ukuthi unyaka yasungulwa ukukhubazeka. Yena icala kungakhathaliseki ezahlukahlukene ukuthi kukhona, isibonelo, ezithinta imali efanayo, kodwa abantu engumqemane.

Ngamanye amazwi, lo umshwalense, impesheni yokukhubazeka zizokhokhiswa ubani enokukhubazeka. Akubalulekile noma ubudala, noma isimo sezimali isakhamuzi, noma yobudala bakhe. + Ngisho isifo noma ezinye isimo ukudlala indima. Uma umuntu kukhutshaziwe amaqembu 1-3, ufanelwe ukuba izinzuzo umshwalense njengoba nje ezincane.

owasinda

Kunenye simo. Into wukuthi kungenzeka inzuzo umshwalense babelwe ngenxa ekulahlekelweni umondli. Kodwa kwezinye izimo, futhi ubani unelungelo lokuzikhethela yona? Okwamanje, umthetho unikeza ukukhokhwa impesheni owasinda kuyi-kuzo zonke izakhamuzi ngubani abethembele salowo oshonile. Nalapha futhi, ubudala ayibalulekile.

Kodwa 400-FZ "Ngo Umshwalense Izimpesheni" inikeza iphuzu elibalulekile. Abondliwa kufanele zinakwe njengoba ekhubazekile. Uma umuntu, owagcina umondli oshonile, bebodwa akusebenzi, ukusekela isimo awukwazi ukubala.

Yini enquma inani impesheni

Manje kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yini imingcele kuzothinta lemali kokukhokhwa kwempesheni. Ubani lifaneleka umshwalense impesheni? Kuyacaca ukuthi bonke lincike ohlotsheni yokukhokha. Kodwa yiziphi izinto nethonya eliqondile ku inani ukwesekwa yemali kulesi simo?

FZ-400 ubonisa inombolo yezinto ezingaba ukwandisa noma ukunciphisa inani amacala umshwalense emphakathini. Yini kahle hle le esikhuluma ngayo? Kuleli qophelo, esekelwe umthetho, kumele kuphetfwe ukuthi inkokhelo kuthonywa lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• iminikelo ngakunye Pension Fund for ngonyaka esakhamuzini;
• impesheni isici ngoba unyaka ngamunye;
• isipiliyoni umsebenzi (ngokungaqondile).

Ngakho, isakhamuzi ngaphezulu elihunyushwe ukuba ukuphila kwakhe Pension Fund, kulapho-ke uzothola. Ubude yesevisi kuthinta inani lamaphuzu etholwe ngumsebenzi ngamunye. Uma umuntu engakaze wathola ubuncane ezidingekayo, ukuthola umshwalense impesheni yomhlalaphansi akakwazi.

Yini ehlanganisiwe yabalindi zabasebenzi

Iziphi ezinye izici kufanele sinake? Into wukuthi umthetho ku impesheni (400-FZ ka 12.28.2013) inikeza izikhathi ezithile ukuthi ayisebenzi, kodwa lubalwa njengonyaka isipiliyoni somsebenzi. Lena iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu. Phela, ngezinye izikhathi abanazo izimfanelo ukwenza imisebenzi yabo. Singaba nethemba sokukhuphula ubude yabo yenkonzo kwalezi zimo:

• ukudlula ukuhlanganyela kwezempi (fixed eside);
• okunye enkonzweni yezempi;
• sokuyokhonza ngaphansi inkontileka;
• ushiye anakekele ingane kuze iminyaka 1.5 (kodwa hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-6 iminyaka isiyonke);
• isikhathi lapho isakhamuzi ukuthola izinzuzo kwemisebenzi;
• ekutholeni avelelwe emthethweni;
• lapho benakekela isakhamuzi emva kweminyaka engu-80, kanye nezingane okhubazekile nokuhlangabezana abantu abadala abakhubazekile, iqembu 1;
• ngenkathi ehlala nendoda yakhe edolobheni empini ngesikhathi isivumelwano sebhizinisi.

Amaphuzu angenhla akunakubangelwa ubudala. Ngakho-ke, ngezikhathi isikhathi idatha ngeke kunakwe ngesikhathi ukubala yempesheni. Yebo, nokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzi bebonke.

calculus

Kangakanani ukubala yempesheni? Lo mbuzo kuyasithakazelisa kubantu abaningi. Uhlelo owasungulwa ngo-Russia, Akudingi ulwazi ezinkulu emphakathini. Abakwazi ngokuzimela ubale inombolo unelungelo lokuthola izimali njengenhlangano impesheni umshwalense endabeni ethile.

Uma kuziwa yobudala kwakho kokubili lokho okuqokelekile ubudala, kanye nokukhubazeka, kufanele usebenzise P ifomula = K * IC lapho:

• P - nempesheni;
• K - inani lamaphuzu amaphuzu ngu isakhamuzi ngesikhathi sokubeletha;
• Inani CK- 1 iphuzu ngesikhathi kokukhokhwa kwempesheni.

Inani umshwalense iminyaka impesheni ubudala manje ecacile. Godu kuthiwani nengabe sikhuluma izinkokhelo ezenziwe ngenxa ukulahlekelwa umondli? Kulesi simo, sisebenzisa ifomula efanayo, kodwa-ke:

• P - silingana kokukhokhwa kwempesheni;
• K - inani lamaphuzu amaphuzu ngesikhathi umemukeli bese umhlinzeki;
• SK - izindleko 1 iphuzu ngosuku lapho lesi sabelo Kwenziwa yokukhokha yempesheni osindile.

Ayikho into enzima ngakho. Inkinga eyinhloko ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokuthe ngqó ukuthi kuyoba izikolo izindleko factor esikhathini esizayo. Ngakho-ke bahlanganyele izibalo esizayo kwenza akukho mqondo.

inkokhelo okungaguquki

umthetho Ngatadisha inikeza izinkokhelo eqondile yokuhlala athumele umshwalense impesheni lobehlukene. Lolu hlobo usekelo olungeziwe kusuka isimo.

Minyaka yonke, inkokhelo kufanele ifakwe kunkomba. Futhi FZ-400 inikeza izinsuku eziqondile, okwakwenza nokwanda kokungabi izinkokhelo isilungisiwe. Kuyinto Februwari 1.

Phawula futhi ukuthi kusukela ngo-Ephreli 1, 2015, uhulumeni waseRussia unelungelo lokuqoka i ezengeziwe ukwesekwa nangenkomba impahla ukuze izakhamuzi. Kodwa okwamanje mibandela kungafinyelelwa kuyo. Iqiniso unezizathu lalo.

Miphi? Umthelela mibandela imiswe okwesikhashana kuze 2017. Lezi zinguquko yaqala ukusebenza ngo-2015. Ngakho-ke, e-Russia minyaka uzama ukukhulisa izinkokhelo eqondiswa umshwalense impesheni, kodwa musa njalo uphathe ukwenza lokho.

nenani eliqondile

I FZ-400 "Ngo Umshwalense Izimpesheni" kungukuthi ebekiwe nenani eliqondile okudingeka zikhokhwe ngesimo izinkokhelo eqondiswa iminikelo impesheni. Lena yokuthi esobala, ngoba lezi zibalo ukushintsha ngonyaka. Yiziphi imithetho ngo-2016?

Iphuzu liwukuthi Izithako zihlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana - elidala yobudala futhi invalids ka 1-2 amaqembu, kanye izinkokhelo eceleni atholakale izakhamuzi abanokukhubazeka amaqembu 3. Ngo-January 2016 i-zimali ngokulandelana ruble 4383 59 amasenti futhi 2191 Rouble 80 amasenti.

Kodwa ngo-February, kube nephutha nangenkomba. Manje izakhamuzi zithola umshwalense okwengeziwe ukuze sokuguga, kanye ukukhubazeka 1 noma amaqembu 2 ku-4 558 ruble 98 amasenti ngenyanga futhi ngo-3 iqembu ukukhubazeka - ruble 2 279 47 amasenti. izinguquko Hhayi sikhulu kakhulu, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi indexation uqobo iphutha.

Lapho ufaka isicelo sokwakhelwa

Yini okunye okufanele banake? Into wukuthi FZ-400 "Ngo Umshwalense Izimpesheni" ibonisa kanjani ukuthola kulezi izinkokhelo. Ungayaphi kumadokhumenti, ikuvumela ukwabela kusekelwa?

Okwamanje, izakhamuzi nokuncane isinyathelo okunye. Banelungelo esikhalazweni:

• izimali zempesheni indawo;
• the FIU;
• ngokusebenzisa ingosi "amasevisi Yomphakathi";
• e izikhungo Amatebhe.

Kungenxa izakhamuzi idatha Ngokwesibonelo elinethuba ukuthola impesheni umshwalense kumele afake isicelo, isitatimende kanye nesethi ethile kwemibhalo. Umthetho wafunda futhi uthi umqashi unelungelo lokuthathwa njengomsulwa ukumelwa kanye nokwelashwa impesheni ngukumkani esikhundleni sakhe, izidumbu oshiwo ngenhla sokubalwa umshuwalense. Kodwa lesi senzo kungenzeka kuphela imvume ebhaliwe accrual ikusasa umamukeli.

Imibhalo ngoba

Futhi indlela do uthole umshwalense impesheni endabeni ethile? Ngokuvamile, izakhamuzi zinelungelo izinhlobo eziningana yesibonelelo sikahulumeni. Kulokhu, kuzodingeka ukuba ukhethe onjani impesheni. Ngakho funda imithetho esungulwe eRussia. FZ-400 "Ngo Umshwalense Izimpesheni" uhlu egcwele imibhalo edingekayo ngenjongo yesibonelelo sikahulumeni. I -Russian Pension Fund noma kunoma iyiphi enye inhlangano, udonsa impesheni, kumele ihambisane ohlwini elandelayo kwemibhalo:

• ubufakazi ungubani (ipasipoti ka isakhamuzi Russian Federation);
• SNILS;
• isicelo umshwalense impesheni (kubalulekile ukuba ukhombise izinkokhelo umshwalense);
• isitifiketi nempesheni ;
• umlando umsebenzi;
• izitifiketi ezikhishwe eqinisekisa nezikhathi ezithile ze-non-operation, kodwa ezihlobene ubudala;
• izitifiketi zokuzalwa zonke izingane;
• sicashunwa i-akhawunti yakho ye-isakhamuzi;
• Kamazisi yasebusosheni (yamadoda).

Futhi isidingo sokuthi kube khona ubufakazi bokuthi umuntu ongawamukeli yimuphi omunye impesheni. Lapho isakhamuzi eya FIU Kungenzeka ukuthi leli qiniso ngeke ihlolwe on the spot. Uma ufuna ukuthola imali ebhange, wanikeza imininingwane yalo.

Uma kuziwa impesheni zokukhubazeka noma osindile kuzodinga imibhalo eqinisekisa ukukhubazeka yisakhamuzi. Kuhlanganisa iyiphi inkomba ebonisa abondliwa abakhubazekile (uma ukulahlekelwa). Yiqiniso, zingacela isitifiketi sokufa lomuntu, eyayinekheli abamukeli impesheni esizayo.

Yonke imibhalo efakwe ohlwini ngenhla Kuzodingeka ukuba uxhumane iziphathimandla ezifanele. Kungcono ukuthatha ikhophi yephepha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyoba hlola. Futhi uma wonke amaphepha ukuze, isakhamuzi uzoqala ezicela umshwalense impesheni.

Hhayi bonke

Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile - ngo-2016 ukuze asekele uphenyo kwabahola impesheni kumele babe okungenani iminyaka engu-7 emsebenzini nakho, kanye 9 amaphuzu impesheni. Uma lezi zimo hhayi wahlangana, impesheni zomphakathi zikazwelonke bazothola.

izinkokhelo, usinde hhayi eyabelwe izakhamuzi abanokuhlangenwe ngokuqiniseka lobugebengu. Noma uma engazuza izinkokhelo umshwalense uzibophezele izenzo sabulala umondli.

Lawa izici eziyinhloko okuyinto zigcwele umshwalense impesheni. umthetho Federal sisungula izimiso eziyisisekelo kuhlaziywa lezi izinkokhelo. Kodwa-ke kuba njalo ishintshe. Ngakho-ke kunzima ukusho indlela isimo nge isimo impesheni umshwalense kuzoba iminyaka embalwa. Ngokwesibonelo, nokuvusa yobudala umhlalaphansi manje okuxoxwa eRussia. Lesi sinyathelo siyokusiza abeke ukuze FZ-400 izibazi.