Umlobi uSergei Vladimirovich Mikhalkov: biography, imisebenzi kanye nezinkondlo zezingane

Ngokungangabazeki, uSergei Vladimirovich Mikhalkov, ngisho nasenkonzweni yomsebenzi wakhe, wayefanelwe ilungelo lokubizwa ngokuthi unzalamizi wezincwadi zaseRussia. Iqiniso nje lokuthi nguye umbhali wezincwadi ezimbili zeSoviet (1943, 1977) kanye noHulumeni (2001) kamuva, uveza isidingo sokuqhubekisela phambili igama lakhe eGuinness Book of Records. Uyaziwa nje ngokuthi imbongi onethalente, kodwa futhi njengomdlali wokudlala, umdwebi we-screen and fabulist.

UMikhalkov Sergey Vladimirovich, ophikisayo wakhe omfushane oqukethe izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo futhi eziphawulekayo, uvela emncintiswaneni waseRussia wasendulo. Umndeni wakhe uhlukile. Uyise - u-Vladimir Alexandrovich Mikhalkov - wayephumelele e-Faculty of Law eMoscow State University. Wayengumuntu onokholo futhi wayekulungele nganoma isiphi isikhathi ukumela ukuvikela uMelandland wakubo.

Unina wesibongo - u-Olga Mikhailovna Glebova - wayeyindodakazi yesigodlo sesifunda sabahlonishwayo.

Ulwazi lomuntu

USergei Vladimirovich Mikhalkov wazalwa ngo-March 13, 1913 enhloko-dolobha yaseRussia.

Isifiso sokwenza u-versification kuye sibonakala ebuntwaneni bakhe. Kakade eneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye ubudala, umlobi ozayo we-hymn Soviet waqala ukuhlanganisa amavesi nokuwabhala phansi ephepheni. Ubaba wasekela izinyathelo zendodana yakhe futhi wabonisa ngisho nemisebenzi yakhe kumlobi u-A. Bezymensky.

Ngokushesha umkhaya wakwaMikhalkov wasuka eMoscow waya ePyatigorsk. Ubaba wezinkondlo wanikezwa indawo eTerselkredsoyuz. USergei Vladimirovich Mikhalkov ngokwakhe ukhumbula ukuthi ukuthuthela endaweni entsha kwakungenxa yokuthi uVladimir Aleksandrovich akazange afune ukuphinde aphinde abe "amehlo aphikisanayo" neziphathimandla zaseSoviet. Emva kwePyatigorsk imbongi kanye nomndeni wakhe bahlala isikhathi esithile eGeorgievsk.

Ukuqala kwendlela yokudala

Umsebenzi wokuqala wokubhala izincwadi uMikhalkov washicilelwa ngo-1928 emagazini wokunyathelisa waseRostov othi "Ekukhuphukeni."

Inkondlo yayibizwa ngokuthi "The Road". Ngokushesha umbongi uqala ukuba yilungu le-Terskoy Association of Writers Proletarian (TAPP) kanye nezincwadi zakhe zokubhala zinyatheliswa ephephandabeni lasePyatigorsk iTerek.

Iminyaka Yentsha

Ngo-1930, ngemva kwesikole, uSergei Vladimirovich Mikhalkov wabuyela eMoscow. Walungiselela umnikazi wendawo yokukhiqiza nokuqeda ifoni. Khona-ke uzama njengombonisi osemusha wokuhambela kokuhlola kwe-Leningrad Geodesic Institute e-Altai. Khona-ke imbongi engumshayeli wavakashela iVolga nasempumalanga yeKazakhstan. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, usevele esebenza ngokuzimela komnyango wezincwadi zephephandaba elithi "Izvestia". Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi efuna ukuziqhenya, uMikhalkov Sergey Vladimirovich, osebenza cishe cishe wonke umntwana waseSoviet wayazi, ngokungazelelwe waqala ukubona ukuthi ukubiza kwakhe kwangempela kwakuyi-versification.

Ukuqashelwa nenkazimulo

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-30 ekhulwini lokugcina umlobi waseMoscow uyaziwa ngabafundi abaningi baseSoviet. Futhi konke ngenxa yokuthi imisebenzi kaMikhalkov yayigcinwe njalo emaphepheni omagazini kanye namaphephandaba omkhulu, futhi yasakazwa ngokusakazwa emsakazweni.

Ngakho-ke, umagazini we-Pioneer, amaphephandaba uKomsomolskaya Pravda no-Izvestia ashicilela izinkondlo zakhe ezingenakufa kuqala: "Kuthiwani ngawe?", "Uncle Stepa", "Abesilisa abathathu", "UFoma ophikisayo" nabanye. Yilokho okwenza uMikhalkov Sergei Vladimirovich odumile. Izinkondlo zezingane akwazi ukuzibhala, njengezinye.

Esikhathini kusukela ngo-1935 kuya ku-1937, imbongi yayingumfundi we-Literary Institute M. Gorky. Wabe eseyilungu le-Writers 'Union futhi waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye i-alma mater.

Ngo-1936, kulolu chungechunge oluthi "Ilabhulali" i-Ogonyok ", lapho ebenobumbano wabalobi abancane, wakhululwa iqoqo lakhe lokuqala" Izinkondlo zezingane. " Ngokuvamile, ngemva kwalokho wonke umntwana wezwe lamaSoviet wafunda ukuthi ngubani uMikhalkov Sergey Vladimirovich. "Izinkondlo zezingane" waba yikhono, elinamandla nokuqonda. Ukubaluleka kwabo kwakuwukuthi okuyisisekelo semfundo yengane yanikezwa "hhayi ngokuqondile", kodwa engaqondakali, ecabangela ingqondo yengane.

IPeru, inzalamizi yezincwadi zaseRussia, nayo ingumlando owaziwa ngokuthi "inganekwane ezintathu" (1936).

Emhlabeni wezincwadi zezingane, uSergei Vladimirovich wangena ngokuzethemba futhi enqoba. Ukusakaza kwakhe izincwadi kwakungekho ngaphansi kokushicilelwa kwe-Chukovsky ne-Marshak evelele. I-litsedey yaseSoviet ehloniphekile uRina Zelenaya no- Igor Ilyinsky bathokoza ngemisebenzi kaMikhalkov emsakazweni.

Isimbongi esivela ekuqaleni kwendlela yokudala sasingene ekuhumusheni izinkondlo zezingane, okungenzeka ngangokunokwenzeka okufana neyokuqala.

Ngo-1939, uSergei Vladimirovich ngomsebenzi oshicilelwe ekuqaleni ephephandabeni elithi "Izvestia" "USvetlana" unikezwe umklomelo omkhulu kakhulu - i- Order of Lenin. Ngonyaka owodwa wanikwa umklomelo weStalin Prize. Nakulokhu, uMikhalkov Sergey Vladimirovich unqobile. Izinkondlo zezingane, azibhalele, zajabulisa ngisho nezikhulu zaseSoviet. Khona-ke imbongi izophinde ithole iStalin Prize, kodwa isivele ibhala phansi i-screenplay yefilimu ethi "Abangane Bokuqala."

Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1930 uMikhalkov wajoyina iSoviet Army futhi wabamba iqhaza ekukhululweni kwe-Western Ukraine. Isikhathi sonke somzabalazo wokulwa ne-fascism, usebenza njengomlobi wempi.

I-Anthem

USergei Vladimirovich ngo-1943, owabhaliwe nomlobi wezindaba uGeorgi El-Registan, uvela ngamazwi eculo lwe-USSR, elaqala ukuzwakala ngo-Eva Wonyaka Omusha ozayo. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-34 uzobhala uhlelo lwesibili lwe "ingoma eyinhloko" yezwe lamaSoviet, futhi ngonyaka ka-2001 uzoletha umbhalo we-anthem yaseRussia.

I-fabulist

Omunye wezazi ezigunyazayo zezincwadi zesiRashiya u-A. Tolstoy waphakamisa uMikhalkov umqondo wokuzama ukuzibiza njengomuntu we-fabulist.

Futhi kakade imisebenzi yokuqala kaSergei Vladimirovich yathandana. I-Pravda yashicilela okokuqala i-fable ethi "Fox no-Beaver", futhi ngemva kwesikhashana - "I-Hare ku-Hop", "Abangane ababili" nokuthi "Ukulungiswa Kwamanje." UMikhalkov wabhala ingqikithi yamakhophi angamakhulu amabili.

Umbhali wezemidlalo nomculi we-screenwriter

USergei Vladimirovich wabonisa ithalenta lakhe emidlalweni yokubhala yezinkundla zemidlalo yezingane. Kusukela emkhombeni we-maestro kwafika imisebenzi edumile njenge "Isabelo Esikhethekile" (1945), "Isibopho Esibomvu" (1946), "Ngifuna Ikhaya" (1949). Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMikhalkov ungumbhali wezinhlelo eziningi zefilimu eziphathekayo.

Regalia

Ungabhala uhla lwemibhalo yomlobi wezingane odumile isikhathi eside kakhulu. Njengoba sekugcizelelwe kakade, wanikezwa i-Order kaLenin, iStalin Prize. Ngo-1973 wanikezwa isihloko esithi Hero of Laborist Labor. USergey Vladimirovich wayephindaphindiwe ngokulingana noMklomelo Wombuso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbongi i- Order ye-Revolution ka-Okthoba, i-Order ye- Patriotic War I degree, i-Order of Friendship of Peoples, i-Order of Honor, i-Order of the Red Banner of Labour kanye neminye imiklomelo eminingi.

Ukuphila komuntu siqu

Ngo-1936, uMikhalkov osemusha wahlanganyela nomzukulu womculi odumile uVasily Surikov - uNatalika Petrovna Konchalovskaya, owayengumdala kunomakhethi wakhe iminyaka eyishumi.

Ngaphambi kokuba ahlangane naye, kakade wayenolwazi oluthile lokuphila komndeni: ngaphambilini imbongi yayingumlingani we-agent ye-intelligence u-Alexei Bogdanov. Emshadweni naye, uConchalovskaya wazala indodakazi yakhe uCatherine, uSergei Vladimirovich owasamukela kamuva. Umlobi kanye noNatalia Petrovna babejabule ndawonye isikhathi eside, behlala iminyaka engu-53. Okokuqala babe nendodana u-Andrei, bese beyindodana uNicita. Abantwana bakaMikhalkov Sergey Vladimirovich baba ngabantu abadumile, bakhetha umsebenzi wokuqondisa. Indodakazi Catherine yaba ngumlobi odumile uJulian Semenov.

Umlobi wadlula ngo-Agasti 27, 2009, ephila iminyaka engu-96. Odokotela bathola ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu eMikhalkov. Inzalamizi yezincwadi zaseRussia yangcwatshwa emathuneni eNoodevichy enhloko-dolobha.