Umlando kumakhompyutha

Amadivayisi bokuqala Computing iminwe yabo womuntu. Lapho leli thuluzi akwanele, ngokuhamba babe amatshe, tindvuku, amagobolondo. Ukungeza iqoqo amashumi, bese amakhulu, abantu bafunda ukuzifundela ukusebenzisa izindlela zokulinganisa izinombolo. Kuyinto nge amatshe neziqhumane waqala umlando Computing. Ukubeka kwabo ku amakholomu ezahlukene (osenyameni) nokufaka noma kususwa inombolo oyifunayo zamatshe, angenza nekususa izinombolo ezinkulu. Nge okubuyelelweko kwakunokwenzeka ukwenza ngisho operation eziyinkimbinkimbi ukubuyabuyelela.

Khona-ke iqala indaba ukuthuthukiswa izindlela computer. Okokuqala kusho ukubala steel yasungulwa Rus izikolo. Ayehlukaniswe ku inqwaba nge iziqondiso ovundlile ne imigodi. Babé buyindlela esisemqoka abathengisi, izikhulu, onobhala nabaphathi. Laba bantu ukwazi ukusebenzisa ngokumane obuhle kakhulu. Ngemva kwalokho idivayisi kudingekile singene naseYurophu.

Idivayisi sokuqala ngqa mechanical kuya akhawunti, owazi umlando Computing, waqala ngokubala umshini, okuyinto 1642 eyakhelwe isazi sesayensi esidumile French Blez Paskal. "Ikhompyutha" Its mechanical ongaveza izinto ezifana nekususa. Lo mshini obizwa ngokuthi "Pasqualini" futhi kwakuba eziyinkimbinkimbi, lapho isondo setha thwi futhi kufakazela izinombolo 0 kuya 9. Wheel revolution ephelele ninamathele isondo eduze futhi yaba omunye sibalo. Inombolo amasondo kunqunywa inani kwamadijithi computer. Uma usetha amasondo ezinhlanu, kungase kudingeke aqhube imisebenzi ngezinombolo ezinkulu kuze kufinyelele 99.999.

Kwabe sekuthi ngo-1673 i-Leibniz German sezibalo wadala kudivayisi engakwazanga kuphela ungeze futhi ukhiphe, kodwa futhi ukwehlukana futhi uphindaphinde. Ngokungafani Pascal isondo izimoto babe jagged futhi kwadingeka anobude obungalingani amazinyo eziyisishiyagalolunye, futhi lokhu kubonakala kuyisixazululo esingaphelele ke esimangazayo izenzo "eziyinkimbinkimbi" njengoba kokuphindaphinda nokuhlukanisa. Umlando ukuthuthukiswa computer nobuchwepheshe uyazi amagama amaningi, kodwa igama umuntu ngisho non-ochwepheshe ezaziwayo. Lona sezibalo English Charlz Bebbidzh. kufanele sakhe ngokuthi uyise wabo bonke amakhompyutha zanamuhla. Lokho ukuyiphi umqondo wokuthi udinga idivayisi yekhompyutha izogcina izinombolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule divayisi akumelwe esitolo izinombolo kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuze unikeze ithimba ikhompyutha ukuthi kufanele wenze nge lezi zinombolo.

umqondo Babbage futhi kwakheka isisekelo idivayisi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwazo zonke amakhompyutha zanamuhla. block okunjalo Computing imoto ucingo processor. Nokho, isazi sesayensi akanayo imidwebo izincazelo imishini ayezisungulele. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuthi omunye wabafundi bakhe esihlokweni sakhe, ayilobayo French. Izihloko Funda Countess Ada Lovelace Agasti - indodakazi imbongi edumile uGeorge Byron, ngubani balihumushela English zenzelwe lo mshini Uhlelo ayo. Ngenxa yomlando wakhe kumakhompyutha lithole omunye izilimi izinhlelo eziphambili kakhulu - ADA.

XX leminyaka wanikeza sikhonzi esaba negalelo elisha ekusungulweni kobuchwepheshe bokuthuthukisa ikhompyutha ezihlobene ugesi. It yasungulelwa idivayisi electronic ukuthi lugcine yezinzwa - inhlamvu isibani. Wadala ngosizo amakhompyutha lokuqala ongabala eziphindwe kazinkulungwane ngokushesha kunokuba imishini eziphambili kakhulu kubalwa mechanical, kodwa zazisekhona nzima kakhulu. I-computer yokuqala esingamathani angaba ngu-30, futhi kukhulu kunenani 100 square metres isikhala. amamitha. ukuqhubeka amakhompyutha ithole ukubukeka yasungulwa ebaluleke kakhulu - the Transistor. Kodwa ubuchwepheshe bama-computer anamuhla neze ngaphandle kokusebenzisa microprocessor - wesifunda eziyinkimbinkimbi ihlanganiswe, ithuthukiswe ngo-June 1971. Unjalo-ke umlando emfushane ekusungulweni kobuchwepheshe bokuthuthukisa ikhompyutha. Isayensi yanamuhla nobuchwepheshe iphakamisile ezingeni amakhompyutha zanamuhla ukuba engakaze ibonwe eziphakeme.