Umklamo Technical - ke ... Incazelo, izinhlobo kanye ngezigaba

umklamo Technical - it is a indlela, lobuchwepheshe umshini eziyinkimbinkimbi, njll, ngemishini ezenziwe umuntu ukufeza noma iyiphi imisebenzi ... Ukuthuthukiswa imishini kanye nobuchwepheshe kwenza kube yinto engenzeka ukuthi sisebenzisane emkhakheni zobuchwepheshe kanye ukukhiqizwa bokusungula, unika ukuzethemba okwenza ukuthi ukuqhubeka isayensi, ubuchwepheshe, kuvula amathuba khathizwe.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu amadivayisi

kudivayisi Technical - ithuluzi lempumelelo ephumelelayo fast and yemigomo ukukhiqizwa, zezenhlalakahle, wezokwelapha, umthengi, nezinye izinqubo. Ngesikhathi samanje nosuku inqubo osebenza kuyo yonke indawo, kungcono cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola mkhakha womsebenzi womuntu, musa ukusebenzisa lolu cingo, lula kakhulu zonke izinqubo. amadivaysi Technical akuzona ngezigaba jikelele futhi ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezinkulu isicelo:

• Industrial.
• ZaseNdlunkulu.
• Computing.
• Ukwakhiwa kanye ukufakwa.
• Road.
• Medical t futhi. D.

Njalo lobuchwepheshe kudivayisi - lahlukene amathuba ngenxa yamasimu womsebenzi we conjugate. Ngokwesibonelo, amathuluzi kanye wokulinganisa zomculo ezazisetshenziswa emkhakheni wezimboni, futhi ekhaya. ekilasini elihlukile kuhlanganisa amadivayisi eyenzelwe ukulwa, ukuzivikela, isikhala.

indaba

Ukulandela imfundiso kaDarwin, inkawu abstract, okuyinto lithathe induku, liye savela isimo somuntu. Namuhla lo mbono, nakuba zakudala, kodwa impikiswano. Kulesi umlando yini ezithakazelisayo ukuthi induku kwaba idivayisi lokuqala technical ngalo izinto kufezekiswe. Ibe bakudala indoda ukuzingelwa ukuzivikela ngempumelelo bese usebenzisa kokusungulwa kusho - boomerangs, nemikhonto, izimbazo itshe, awls, njll ...

Esikhundleni elingeyona inkimbinkimbi eyenziwe netshe, nokhuni weza zethusi nezensimbi izihloko. Evolution nzima ingqondo yomuntu, futhi kwaqala ukuvela izimoto zokuqala, imishini yezolimo, izakhiwo wokubacindezela netindlela elula - isondo iyunithi, isigwedlo, njll ...

ukuphumelela lobuchwepheshe

Inguquko lokuqala zezimboni ekhulwini le-18 futhi baletha imishini, amadivaysi, izindlela, ukuthuthukiswa zazo esiyibonayo manje. Ukusungulwa kwe-injini umusi nesandla ekubulaweni ku ukugeleza ekukhiqizweni futhi kuye kwaholela ekuncipheni Artisanal yokukhiqiza inqubo, washintsha kakhulu isakhiwo yomphakathi. Wadala ngekhulu le-19 yangaphakathi omlilo injini kwaholela ukuthuthukiswa nokwenziwa ngcono okuqhubekayo kuzo zonke izindlela zezokuthutha. Kwakukhona omningi imishini self ezinezinjini, inkositini isikhala.

imishini okusha zadalwa, lula kakhulu nokwakhiwa kwemigwaqo, ukwakhiwa kanye nezimayini nokunye. Ukuvela futhi ukusetshenziswa kukagesi emenza izinhlobo ezintsha amadivayisi lobuchwepheshe - akuyona kuphela ukukhanya, kodwa futhi lonjiniylea umsakazo, umsakazo electronics, iphupho ukuhlola umkhathi uyekile kube ngiyaphupha. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 kwaba ukwethulwa ezishintshayo izinqubo zokukhiqiza, imishini lokuqala ukusebenza ngekhompyutha, i-satellite lokuqala yokufakelwa wethulwa emkhathini.

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, esigabeni esilandelayo ukuthuthukiswa amadivayisi lobuchwepheshe elihlobene ne-nanotechnology kanye biotechnology, ucwaningo oluseqophelweni impumelelo lokuqala kulezi zindawo ayeshiwo ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20.

izinkomba

kudivayisi Technical - izimfanelo eziningana, ezingaphathelana silingane uhlu lwezici obuvamile zonke izinhlobo imishini:

• Ukusebenza. Noma nini idivayisi per unit ukhiqiza (ngokucubungula ulwazi), uyisa, ukhiqiza futhi t. D. ephakeme ngaphandle kokuzwana ngokulisa okhunye quality, othe xaxa kudivayisi.
• Ukuthembeka. It kunqunywa qualitatively futhi ikhono usebenze thembeke phakathi wonke ukusebenza isikhathi.
• Ukuvikeleka. Kuhlanganisa imiqondo emibili - yokuwohloka ngokomzimba nangokokuziphatha. Ngokuvamile imishini uyakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eshiwo, kodwa izindleko nokusebenza kwawo ezingenanzuzo kakade, ngoba abazi nezimfuneko zokuphepha, izindleko energy, nokunye. D. ukuvela ukuthuthukiswa olusha kuhilela esikhundleni i idivayisi ezintsha zobuchwepheshe. isizukulwane esisha imishini ngokuvamile ukuzixazulula ezahlukene ebanzi of imisebenzi.
• Umnotho. Isilinganiso izindleko impahla inkonzo, nokugcinwa amadivaysi nenani imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa (zokuthutha, yokusingatha nokunye. D.).

Ukuthuthukiswa inkomba ngayinye - umsebenzi intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe futhi ubizwa ngokuthi "sesimanje". Emashumini eminyaka ambalwa edlule esikuzuzile ukuhlobana nilondekile ukusebenza kwemvelo, Ergonomics, amadivayisi ingxenye yobuhle. Ngaphezu izimfanelo lobuchwepheshe kanye utilitarian, abathuthukisi benaka lula ukusetshenziswa (ukulimala ekunciphiseni) kanye ukubukeka nezimnandi amadivayisi, abanye abakhiqizi bagxile kuphela kulezi izindawo ezidinga ukwenziwa ngcono. nemingcele Abaningi izindlela lobuchwepheshe kulawulwa namazinga ezingeni wombuso.

imibhalo

umklamo Technical - iqoqo izimfanelo engasetshenziswa kunoma yimuphi umkhakha. Ukukhiqizwa futhi ukusebenza zinqunywa imithetho nezimfuneko ubuchwepheshe, kuchazwe ku-amadokhumenti, ehlinzekwa wumnikezeli ngedivayisi ngayinye.

Imibhalo Key kufakwe ebhokisini:

• Umkhiqizo Data Sheet. Iqukethe ezibekiweko kuvetwa amayunithi ukusebenza akhawunti, amandla, kanye nokunye. D. Ngokuvamile ipasipoti kwahambisana by ulwazi isimo art, okwenza ukulungiswa, sewaranti, nokunye. D.
• Operating Imiyalelo. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we lichaza isimiso ukusebenza, kwenkululeko isicelo, isitoreji kanye nemithetho operation, izindlela ukulahlwa kwezinto okungalawuliwe futhi zokuthutha.
• Iziyalezo ukufakwa, kwethulwa, ukuphatha, ukusebenzisa-e. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we yakhiwa amadivayisi ezimbonini nge izimo zokusebenza ekhethekile.
• Ilebula. Lapho esebekwe ukuba abe ngqo kwi umkhiqizo, uma idatha kunesidingo sokuba ukusebenza futhi uqale-up angazamukela ezingeqi kwezingu izinto ezinhlanu futhi akukho mqondo ube iphasiphothi.

Noma iyiphi idivayisi lobuchwepheshe - iyunithi ukukhiqizwa ezivezwa izindlela ezimbonini. Amaphepha ngoba kumele bahlangabezane namazinga lelipelwe e ESKD, noma ESPD ESTD.

amadivaysi Kuyingozi lobuchwepheshe

izinhlobo eziyingozi amadivayisi yilezo okuyizinto inqubo singasebenza nasekunakekelweni umonakalo empilweni (ukuphila) womuntu ezifanele imishini ukuphepha noma lezo ezisebenza endaweni enobungozi.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu:

• Amasistimu imishini yokusebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi okusezingeni eliphezulu (phezu 0,07 MPA) noma izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (phezu 115 ° C).
• Izinsiza eyenzelwe ephakamisa imithwalo esindayo (Cranes, imigwaqo phezulu, izinkundla, escalators, nokunye. D.).
• Amadivayisi izinhlelo gas ukusetshenziswa imishini (boilers, igesi endzaweni lephephile, likhaya t. D.).
• amadivaysi Technical nemishini Welding umsebenzi ezimweni eziyingozi.
• ama-apharathasi kagesi nge ukuqhuma (amaqembu 1.2), umvukuzi zikagesi.
• Amadivayisi, imishini, uwoyela imishini umkhakha igesi (yokumba ekunqandeni ngamakheshi, imishini ukukhiqizwa nokunye. D.).
• amadivaysi okwami Imayini, processing imishini zonke izinhlobo ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokumbiwa phansi isizinda (imishini ezimayini, imishini ezimayini, amadivayisi ukuqhumisa, geologorazvedcheskaya imishini nokunye. D.).
• Izinsiza kusebenza for izinhlobo ezinkulu amapayipi.
• Izinsiza kusebenza izitshalo chemical zonke izindawo (abasebenza ngaphansi kwesimo kuqhume, ukusetshenziswa cleaner, cryogenic, isitshalo ukugaya, nokunye. D.).
• Izinsiza kusebenza kanye tehustroystvo amabhizinisi Metallurgical yazo zonke izinhlobo.
• esithandweni Electric (arc, lokungeniswa, ukuncibilika, Ukushisa nezinye esithandweni).
• Ahamba izingxenye zabo, nokufakwa izimboni enobungozi.
• Amadivayisi ukulawula imishini futhi izindlela, kanjalonjalo.

A imibhalo ekhethekile ilawulwa ukusetshenziswa imishini ukuphepha zonke izinhlobo amadivaysi, ulwazi nokulandela imithetho kuqinisekisa kulondolozwe ukuphila nempilo yawo wonke umsebenzi, futhi ngokuvamile kulo lonke ibhizinisi. Akumangalisi ukuthi kuwo wonke lento zokuphepha kulotshiwe ngegazi.

ukuxhashazwa

Ukuze umsebenzi ngamunye lapho futhi imishini njalo ngcono. Ukusebenza amadivaysi technical kulawulwa imithetho ebekiwe imanuwali ukusetshenziswa. inkonzo ebhizinisini ngalinye lapho, ibuye nokuqapha ukuqaliswa ukusebenza kwe- imithetho yokuphepha kanye nokusebenza izimoto, imishini, izinto ezisetshenziswayo.

Ngokusho namazinga omhlaba ekusebenzeni indlela ngamunye kungaba ihlolwe ngosizo yokulinganisa zomculo. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukulawula ukusebenza, lokuxazulula inkinga, ukusebenza Tuning imishini kanye ukumisa umsebenzi uma kwenzeka nokuthola umonakalo noma usongo ezingozi.

Ukulungisa, ukugcinwa kanye nokugcinwa zokuvimbela

Ngemva ukulungisa ekuqaleni kanye nokusebenza imishini kufika isikhathi ngalesi sikhathi kukhona kancane kancane bafake yesifunda, izindlela, nokunye. D. Ngemva kwenkathi ethile ukusetshenziswa e passport kudinga zokuvimbela kudivayisi lobuchwepheshe. Ukulungisa wemfanelo isevisi ibhizinisi, nesebenzela imishini, noma izinto ezikhethekile, esimweni zasendlini. Zonke ejwayele ukuthi imoto idinga ukuba ngezikhathi ukuthi, umkhuba efanayo ekhona nanoma yikuphi ukukhishwa.

izinyathelo zokuvikela ukusiza isikhathi ekuphileni amadivaysi kanye nokusebenza ngempumelelo. Okukhulu isevisi imishini abe algorithm ezivamile:

• Hlola isimo jikelele ISIZINDA, amadivaysi, isimo sokusebenza zedivayisi zibukeke futhi lobuchwepheshe wokulinganisa izindlela.
• Hlola izinga lomonakalo, ukuwohloka kwamangqamuzana imishini kanye izingxenye esikhundleni abasanda kuthola uma kunesidingo.
• Ukuhlola kanye nokubeka esimweni idivayisi emva ukulungisa kanye nokugcinwa, iqale ukusebenza.
• Uma idivayisi Kuwukuziphatha okungalungile futhi ngobuchwepheshe yisikhathi, ke lashintshwa laba iyunithi nge izici ezithuthukile.
• Ekupheleni ukuphila iyunithi yesondlo kumele adiliza bese kulahlwa konke eyayakhiwe ngokuhambisana namazinga sivunyiwe.