UMbhoshongo eMoscow ezibiyele: igama. Isikimu YaseMoscow ezibiyele kwemibhoshongo anamagama

Amagama kwemibhoshongo YaseMoscow ezibiyele 20 akazi zonke Muscovites, nakuba enqabeni, nezindonga zayo Veigy - omunye ezikhangayo esemqoka hhayi kuphela inhloko-dolobha kodwa futhi lonke zwe elikhulukazi.

Impendulo yimuphi umbuzo

Umlando kanye imbangela kwemibhoshongo, ukubukeka igama, indima ngamunye wabo emlandweni owawuba izikole yenhloko-dolobha. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, leli amagama ukhohliwe. Kuyinto enhle ukuthi namuhla lonke ulwazi ngazo zitholakala kabanzi, futhi noma nini ungathola izimpendulo noma imiphi imibuzo, isibonelo, umbhoshongo elise YaseMoscow ezibiyele, amagama abo bonke vezhey, iyiphi enye yazo libhekisela iyiphi ingxenye udonga esetshenzisiwe nokunye.

Omunye amakhadi Ukushayela kwezindlela

ukuphila isikhathi eside (kukhulunywa lokuqala inqaba lokhuni libhekisela 1156) inqaba ezibaluleke kakhulu yezwe ithakazelisa kakhulu. I ezibiyele kuyinto belingana emhlabeni izikhumbuzo zomlando efana Great Wall, iTower of London, le zomhlangano we Bastille kudilizwe imibhoshongo baseGibhithe. Emhlabeni, i isibalo esingapheliyo ezikhangayo, kodwa abalulekile, izinto ezivusa amadlingozi okungaka. Bambalwa abantu abangalwazi Spasskaya Tower, futhi bambalwa kuphela lapho uqala nje ukubona ungayazi iwuphawu eMoscow, inhloko-dolobha Russia enkulukazi. Kodwa abaseRussia, ikakhulukazi Muscovites, ohlale uqhubeka uhambo maphakathi inhlokodolobha, ajwayelekile umbhoshongo main YaseMoscow Kremlin. Igama ngamunye wabo bafundiswa kusukela ebangeni lesithathu, kodwa esikoleni eziningi ngaphandle kokungabaza ubhale, uma kungezona zonke-20, izinto eziphawuleka kakhulu babo, hhayi kuphela labo Red Square ukuza.

izakhiwo esiyingqayizivele

Inqaba eyinhloko yezwe, esisogwini Borovitsky amagquma bekulokhu maphakathi ukuphila zezenhlalo nezombusazwe isimo, futhi iningi umlando eRussia lezwakala lapha yokuhlala wababusi lizwe. Lena inhliziyo namandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nqaba enhle kokuvamile. Izigidi zezivakashi ezivela emhlabeni wonke hhayi kuphela ufuna ukubona esinye sezimangaliso zomhlaba, kodwa futhi simazi kangcono nomlando wayo - kulokho ekhulwini esakhiwe lezi zindonga ngubani, umsuka wegama elithi - "ezibiyele". UMbhoshongo eMoscow ezibiyele Sinesithakazelo ngokukhethekile - abanayo analogue emhlabeni, ihluke nomunye. Futhi engxenyeni kwekhulu XVII yesibili, ezinye zazo agcinwa besenze nesitayela esifanako yezakhiwo.

Ingqikithi yalo igama

ERussia yasendulo kuya kweleshumi XIV, idolobha, azungezwe izindonga nge imibhoshongo, imibhoshongo, wabizwa ngokuthi "Detinets" kamuva kuvele amagama-chrome, ukhilimu, kremnik, kremlevnik. Umsuka wegama elithi "ezibiyele" has izinguqulo eziningana, kodwa zonke ubheke kakhulu enezivikelo eziqinile, endaweni engafinyeleleki. Akhiwe emahlathini esingaweleki noma steepness ezingafinyeleleki, ngokuvamile wageza yoMlambo, noma izungezwe umsele wawugcwalisa ngamanzi. Futhi iyiphi castle ivalwe izindonga eziphakeme.

inqaba engenakuphikiswa

Isikimu ezilandelayo eMoscow ezibiyele kwemibhoshongo anamagama ubonisa ngokucacile kahle indlela endaweni kukhethwe omunye omdala nezinqaba Russian - unxantathu ngendlela, uhlangothi ivikelwe UMfula iMoscow. Ezinsukwini ubudala uhlangothi, kukhona manje Alexander Garden, udonga wawuvikelwa emfuleni Neglinnaya. Kanye onqenqemeni wesithathu unxantathu, bahambe kule ndawo Red emseleni ezijulile lagcwala amanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eMoscow ezibiyele kwemibhoshongo nge amagama uhlelo lubonisa ukuthi vezhi emincane (Old igama Russian of kwemibhoshongo) ngasesinqeni se yakhe kukhona isiyingi isesimweni, kuyilapho abanye - isikwele.

Ubuqili isakhiwo ezivikelweni

Leli fomu imibhoshongo ukuzivikela kuyinto amasu izinqaba ukuthi Iqhinga itholakala lokuthi ukuthi izindonga oyindilinga amagobolondo we izibhamu isitha Ricochet, futhi amabhomu ka lingasuswa round enophephela. Nge bamba le nqaba kubhekwa ukuba kwemibhoshongo igunya amagumbi eMoscow Kremlin. Amagama abo zimi kanje - Vodovzvodnaya (Sviblova, Southwest), Beklemishevskaya (eyaziwa ngokuthi Moskvoretskaya, eningizimu-mpumalanga ekhoneni) kanye enamandla kakhulu ezibiyele Tower - Corner Arsenal (Sobakina) umbhoshongo, ihamba umugqa izindonga ukuzivikela kusukela Red Square. Yayilawula Ukunqamula emfuleni Neglinnaya.

I ngxenye esenyakatho-mpumalanga odongeni ezibiyele

Ngayinye yalezi izinqaba lwenzelwe ukulungela inhloso ethize. Moscow ezibiyele uhlelo okuthiwa kwemibhoshongo ubonisa ukuthi wonke vezhi elise esuka Red Square, kusukela Arsenal Corner ukuze Beklemishev (ngokwewashi) aqukethe, ngaphezu kwalezi zakhiwo ezimbili, eziyisithupha zalolu hlobo. It Nikolskaya futhi Senate Spasskaya nele-Imperial, Nabatnaya kanye Constantine noHelen Tower.

Tower eningizimu futhi enyakatho-ntshonalanga izinhlangothi

Kusukela Beklemishev ukuze Vodovzvodnaya umbhoshongo, okuyinto isayithi odongeni ezibiyele, egijima egudle uMfula eMoscow, ngaphezu ekhoneni, kuba ezinhlanu vezh - oPetru Nameless Okwesibili, Okokuqala Nameless, Taynitskaya futhi Annunciation. Umuntu wesithathu ka unxantathu okungajwayelekile, egijima eduze ipayipi ikhishwe odlule Neglinnaya emfuleni izingxenye kuyahluka, onguyena kuphela osaphila strelnitsa legatsha ngokuthi Kutafya umbhoshongo, okuyinto zixhunywe kwebhuloho kuya vezhey eliphakeme ezibiyele - zintathu. Ngaphandle Vodovzvodnaya ekhoneni futhi Arsenal, futhi zintathu Kutafia, kulesi sigaba yilezi Borovitskaya futhi Armoury, ukwengamela kanye Ephakathi Arsenal Tower.

letehlukene letiphatselene

Zonke kwemibhoshongo YaseMoscow ezibiyele, amagama okuye engenhla, ezakhiwa ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene amakhosi isiNtaliyane, ngenkathi okuthiwa "fryazhskie". Ngowokuqala ngqa kwaba Taynitskaya, elakhiwa ngo-1485. Eminyakeni eyishumi eyalandela, wafakwa ukusebenza zonke izinqaba (okokugcina e 1495 lakhiwa-zintathu), ngaphandle owesincane Royal, elakhiwa ngo-1680. yesibili ebaluleke kakhulu --zintathu - is lesidze kakhulu YaseMoscow Kremlin. Yashintsha amagama ngokuphindaphindiwe. Nokho, cishe yonke umbhoshongo phakathi ukhona nabizelwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, kodwa bangamathe engaziwa. Epiphany kanye Rizopolozhensky, Znamenskoye futhi Kuretnaya - ngakho ngezikhawu ezehlukene isikhathi ngokuthi ungqo zintathu umbhoshongo, obude ifinyelela 80 amamitha.

igama izizathu

I ezibiyele ngokwalo wafunda kuze kube sekupheleni, usinikeza eziningi eziyimfihlakalo. UMbhoshongo eMoscow ezibiyele, igama ezwakala ikakhulukazi ongaziwa endlebeni yomuntu yesimanje ngaphambili, njengoba umthetho, nabizelwa ehlukile. Kodwa amagama yesimanje uma ukuba siqonde izinto uqondakala kahle - uMsindisi is abizwa kanjalo ngenxa kwaba phezu isithonjana koMsindisi, Vodovzvodnaya - ngoba idivayisi ekhethekile amanzi avela eMfuleni i-Moscow ukufika phezulu bese lasakazwa emhlabeni Kremlin. Igama elithi "Royal" liyazikhulumela - ukusuka lapho inkosi (ikakhulukazi wajabulela okwenza Ivan Grozny) ukuqapha izenzakalo Red Square.

Wona

Nikolskaya umbhoshongo, bephonsa aphume ngokuphelele ezibiyele eqenjini lomculo futhi izakhiwo kanye umbala, ngokuthi lokho ngoba kwakungafaneleki egcinwe isithonjana Nikolaya Chudotvortsa. Lokhu umbhoshongo ungukuphila okuthakazelisa kakhulu - ngokusebenzisa ku-Kremlin kuhlanganisiwe izidlamlilo ngaphansi kokulawula Dmitriya Pozharskogo futhi Kuzma Minin. Washa ngo-1737, ukugijima kwakhe kude ezibiyele, yasha yi French. Kodwa nge zonke lezi nezinkathazo Uma ungakaze uzwe ubuhlungu icon St Nicholas - ku ukuqhuma ababedlula amafasitela egumbi ezitaladini elingumakhelwane, ngisho aqhephukile ingilazi kuso.

amagama alula

Kungani futhi kanjani ngokuthi uMbhoshongo eMoscow ezibiyele, funda umnandi kakhulu. Futhi emangalisayo ukuthi esikhathini sethu kalula ukubazi nge umlando phi of them. Ngokwesibonelo, Beklemishevskaya Tower: Kungani kubizwa ngokuthini? Phela, elinye igama layo - "Moskvoretskaya" - kwaba ecacile neqondakalayo: kuba eMfuleni eMoscow. Beklemishevskaya njengoba Sviblovskaya (Vodovzvodnaya) kuthiwa abizwa kanjalo ngenxa izinkantolo boyars Beklemisheva Sviblovo futhi ngqo ezincikene ezibiyele kulezi zindawo. I ezibiyele uqobo futhi konke esihlobene naso - siyindawo engcwele ongokomfanekiso kubo bonke abantu baseRussia.