Umbhali waseBrithani uJames Graham Ballard: Biography, nobuciko kanye izincwadi ezingcono kakhulu

UMdali fantasies transgressive Dzheyms Ballard baba acacile kakhulu, engavamile futhi ongasoze sibalo izincwadi of England Engxenyeni kwekhulu lama-20 yesibili. I yokuqala eyaziwayo umbhali waletha amaqoqo izindaba dlala and amanoveli, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi zaqala ukuba ashicilele umbiko olungisa Thriller ngokwengqondo ukuthi ombangela mpikiswano kakhulu phakathi a baxgeki kanye nezinhlelo zokufunda.

Dzheyms Ballard: Biography

Umlobi esizayo wazalwa ngo-1930, November 15. Uyise wayengumGreki ohlakaniphile British, akumangalisi ukuthi umfana wazalwa ngo-Shanghai. SeMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili ngizitholele umkhaya e China. At ekuqaleni we impi nabazali zabo James kancane wafakwa ekamu lokuhlushwa ngenxa izakhamuzi elalingelamaFilisti Japan.

Ngemva kwempi umndeni sakhululwa wabuyela eLondon. Lapha Ballard Dzheyms iqala ukuya esikoleni, ngemva kwalokho eya BBC UK. A umthelela omkhulu umbhali esizayo phakathi kweminyaka eminingi yocwaningo kanye nomsebenzi waba art ukukukholelwa.

inoveli Okokuqala nezinye imisebenzi

Kusukela ngo-1956, eqala umsebenzi wakhe etemibhalo Dzheyms Grem Ballard. Ekuqaleni, wanyathelisa tindzaba letimfisha, okuyinto ayamukela ngenjabulo omagazini isayensi emaciniso. Kuphela ngo-1961 wanyathelisa umbhali wokuqala inoveli - "Umoya avelaphi", abhalwe uhlobo kule noveli-inhlekelele.

Ngo-1970, umlobi yashicilela incwadi ethi okweshumi kwe tindzaba letimfisha - ". Lo mbukiso zonya" Ballard ncwadi baletha udumo yangempela, okubangela eziningi impikiswano nokugxeka. Izenzo eziningi azifaka kuwo, kuphela ingxenye yayingase ibizwe ngokuthi yesayensi. Ballard wayengalokothi nesithakazelo ngokukhethekile izimfanelo ezinjalo yendabuko uhlobo, njengoba intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe kanye sempucuko eyinqaba, Ngokuzayo nokunye okunjalo. Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa umbhali izinguquko ngokwengqondo umuntu ngaphansi kwethonya izimo ezingavamile. Kuyinto lokhu passion Ballard ubunjalo babantu ibonakala kahle kakhulu eqoqweni. Amaqhawe umbhali abantu sesisanganiswa zokwesaba, imibono, uthando okukhwantabalisayo ngoba ngobudlova obuhlukahlukene.

abakhubazeke ngokwenqondo njengeqoqo eyaholela ekwakhiweni kwaleli robhothi

Ukuqhubeka kwalezi imibono baba noveli "Crash," ebhalwe ngo-1973. Ngo umkhiqizo J .. D. Ballard lichaza injabulo yobulili, okuyinto uthola uhlamvu yayo kusukela izingozi zezimoto. A imiqulu uhlamvu njalo emqondweni wakhe zonke izinhlobo izindaba wezingozi, kubahlanganyeli okuyinto babe ngisho Elizabeth Taylor futhi Zhaklin Kennedi. Umshicileli American, wathola ukuthi lo mbhalo wesandla ukushicilelwa, okumbuyisele, ukushaya umbhali okungenamsoco ngokwengqondo.

Zonke izincwadi okwalandela yomlobi besishumayela pathologies ezehlukene engqondo. Kuphela 1979, ukushintsha izindikimba usebenza Ballard. Ngokushesha sabona inoveli ukukhanya "Factory rez enkulu" egqoke imvelo zocansi, nemisebenzi kwakhe "Empire of the Sun" futhi "Sawubona, eMelika."

Kufihliwe enganakile

Kusukela 80s kwekhulu lama-20 Ballard Dzheyms uphendulela ukunaka kwakhe obubi we enganakile womuntu. I zingezona ezibonakalayo, nsuku zonke, isimo kwansuku, umlobi ikhombisa umfundi udlame ezifihliwe. Lezi amanoveli baye baba "Frantic", "Cocaine Nights", "Superkanny", "Abantu zokuBusa Kweminyaka Eyinkulungwane."

Ballard njengelinye lamazwe ahamba phambili ulimi wochwepheshe eNgilandi zivame yaxoxa futhi wacela izincwadi eveza imibono yakhe phezu izenzakalo zezombusazwe nezenhlalo. Kodwa, umlobi akusho bathandile ukuba umphakathi, akalokothi iqhaza empilweni zombangazwe noma zomphakathi, hhayi ukulalelisisa ekuthuthukiseni inqubo kwezincwadi UK. Eminyakeni 70, Ballard iyiswe Iphandle London - Shepperton, lapho ahlala khona waze washona.

Autobiography nokufa

Ngo-January 2008, ushiya i inoveli ngokuphila kwakhe, "Izimangaliso Life." Eminyakeni emibili ngaphambili umbhali usevumile ngesikhathi enengxoxo "ISunday Times" iphephandaba ukuthi kwatholakala - umdlavuza wendlala. Lokho ukugula utshelwa Ballard ukubhala yomlando wakhe.

Umlobi wafa eLondon eneminyaka engu kweminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa nesishiyagalolunye ubudala Apreli 19, 2009. Le ndlela yokuphila kwaba Dzheyms Ballard.

"Umbhoshongo"

Incwadi iqala ezisemadolobheni kakhulu. Ngu nokuthuma elikhulu lapha kwakhiwa khona ngamabhlogo, ehlanganisa izakhiwo ezinhlanu zokuhlala - namabhilidi. Kwaba ngenye yalezi izakhiwo kanye kuzokwenzeka izenzakalo kule noveli. Skyscraper ube idolobha ehlukile, lapho izakhamuzi uzobe yizigaba nomphakathi: esesitezi esiphansi, lapho ezindlini eshibhe, thatha waitresses, indiza izikhonzi kanye nabanye abameleli yemisebenzi ongaphakeme-ikhokhwe, futhi ngesikhathi efulethini eliphezulu phezulu kakhulu izungezwe amalungu abacebile nabadumile abakhethekileyo.

Ballard Dzheyms, ngokukhetha umlingiswa oyinhloko webhayisikobho lokhu ezihlukahlukene kuyekwa ku esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo. Lena Robert leng, bangazihluphi indawo phansi amabili nanhlanu. Indoda nje neminyaka engu-30, asifundise kona, akufuna esikoleni yezokwelapha futhi uzama belulama isehlukaniso.

Lo msebenzi eyenani amanoveli ekubhekaneni inhlekelele ezisemadolobheni. "Umbhoshongo" akuyona dystopia njengoba kungase kubonakale efika kuqala, kungcono more of a Thriller ngokwengqondo ebonisa ukuthi indlela yomuntu yesimanje elilulaza kancane ngaphansi kwethonya ubuchwepheshe abasafufusa.

"Lo mbukiso zonya"

Iqoqo lihlanganisa nesishiyagalolunye tindzaba letimfisha, behlanganiswe eyodwa indaba ephathwayo. Ngo imisebenzi umbhali njalo libhekisela pathologies ezahlukene kanye ngeziphambeko ukuziphatha. Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, incwadi waba Izibuyekezo okuxubile kakhulu, Nokho, ngokuqinisekile wayengaqondile Ballard ezaziwayo.

Kuphela 2012 ukuqoqwa wadedelwa ngesiRashiya. Ukuhumusha Viktora Lapitskogo, ngokuvumelana baxgeki futhi abafundi, kwaba yimpumelelo kakhulu. I ethile kuphela yaba uhlelo ezinqunyelwe - amakhophi amathathu kuphela.

"Empire of the Sun"

Dzheyms Ballard, ogama amabhuku anesizotha wathola ezihlukahlukene ukuhlolwa, isetshenziswa umsebenzi wakhe futhi izinto azenza esikhathini esidlule. Isibonelo umsebenzi onjalo kwakuyiNkosi incwadi "Empire of the Sun". Umsebenzi ngokuphila ekamu lokuhlushwa Chinese ngesikhathi bevinjezelwe amaJapane. Ngo nsuku eminyakeni embalwa seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, lapho Ballard engufanayana. Umlando iqiniso ekutshela ngokufa, bazama ukuqhubeka bephila indlala, unya zabantu nomunye. Into eyangimangaza kunazo zonke encwadini wukuthi azikho ukwahlulela indlela abanye abaziphatha. Konke okwenzekayo bubonakala ngemehlo ingane, okuyinto ingashintshwa ukuze ngobunzima obulethwa impi. Singasho ukuthi cishe iqoqo amaqiniso, okuyinto wabonwa ngabantu umlobi.

Ngo-1987, inoveli wadedelwa. It wayeqondiswa Steven Spielberg futhi Starring ke intokazi Kristian Beyl. Ballard waba sikhulu umxhwele esikusize ngendlela umdlalo wokugcina umlingisi, njengoba baxgeki kakhulu. Nokho, ifilimu ngokwayo lithole Izibuyekezo okuxubile kakhulu.

"Nights Cocaine"

Lokhu inoveli, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1996, ukuxuba engajwayelekile ka dystopia futhi umphenyi. Ogwini saseMelitha Spain kwelinye zokungcebeleka elite wabulala eyinkimbinkimbi. I protagonist komkhiqizo sithathwa uphenyo amateur. Nokho, Ballard noJakobe lapha ayikashintshi kimi: isihloko noveli iba yokusesha lobugebengu. It siphakamisa umbuzo obaluleke nakakhulu: yini shake esakhiweni somphakathi wonxiwankulu besimanje, ukuvusa ke kusukela ukucobeka yayo, olulondoloziwe Ucingo olude izindlu, antidepressant satellite TV?

Umbhali unika impendulo engavamile kakhulu: usizo uvuke ubudlova, izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nezidakamizwa. Nokho, lo mbono kufanele ihlolwe. Kuyinto lolu hlolo futhi ngeke ukubhekana nazo zonke izinhlamvu kule noveli.

Umsebenzi, kanye wonke umsebenzi Ballard, kuphakamisa izimpikiswano ngokuphathelene zokuthambekela kobuntu, izimiso zokuziphatha futhi ukuqonda okuhle nokubi.

"Superkanny"

Le noveli wakhululwa ngo-2000 futhi waba uhlobo phambili ngesihloko esithi "Nights Cocaine". Zenzakalo futhi ogwini Mediterranean, kodwa hhayi i-resort elite, kodwa epaki ibhizinisi. He is ufake kabusha ukuze endzabeni umphenyi kanye ukwembula izimfihlo amnyama ukuthi ufihle abameleli ibhizinisi lesimanje.

Owabe aviator Pol Sinkler nomkakhe Jane angene kwepaki ibhizinisi "Edene-Olympia ', esisogwini-Cote d'Azuri. Lapha Jane has ukuthatha indawo isazi sezifo zezingane futhi owelapha. Kuze kube muva nje, indima eyadlalwa Devid Grinvud eyayihamba uyahlanya wadubula abantu abayishumi ethukuthele. Ballard ukuba amaqhawe ukwazi ukuthi abantu ngendlela yokusangana, lokho izimfihlo efihla evumayo ububanzi zokwelapha kanye lungahlala kanjani ubudlova esithathelwanayo.

"Izimangaliso Life: Shanghai ukuba Shepperton"

Kugcine ncwadi kwakhe Ballard, lapho umbhali kuyinto ngobuqotho kakhulu iyalandisa zokuphila kwakhe. Okokuqala, umfundi e Shanghai, Childhood kumbhali ke esiphethweni kuchazwa ukuyongqwa ekamu lokuhlushwa (hhayi ngakho agqamile ngemininingwane e "Sun Empire"). Ngemva kwempi, umndeni Ballard sika wabuyela eBrithani ngendlela; izwe elonakaliswe impi. Khona-ke iqala indaba ukuthuthukiswa umbhali wokudala. Ballard ngokungagunci iyalandisa imizamo yokuqala ngesikhathi ubhala izindaba mayelana nezizathu ukuthi utshelwa ukuba adale "embukisweni unya." Kodwa hhayi kuphela lokusungula yomlobi kuthatha isikhathi. Uxoxa kanzima kanjani ekubeni ubaba olulodwa, okuyinto waqala ngemva kokushona komkayo.

Incwadi baba isipho sangempela kubalandeli lokusungula Ballard.

ukuhoxiswa encane

Kuningi okungase kushiwo mayelana umlobi wencwadi, biography kanye iqoqo imisebenzi. Dzheyms Grem Ballard libonakala umfundi njengoba umuntu ubona izingozi emphakathini wanamuhla siyingozi. Izincwadi zakhe - sangene, kodwa isixwayiso. Ukubona ubuso ingane isilwane, enobudlova, lapho ngokuzikhandla uxwayisa abantu. It ukhumbula Okungishaya uhlangothi imvelo yethu, okumele combated.