Umbhali Russian Aleksandr Ivanovich Kuprin: impilo kanye nomsebenzi, amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Njengoba sengiye ngazizwela indlela izenzakalo eziningi ezahlukene Aleksandr Ivanovich Kuprin, okuphila kwakhe kanye nomsebenzi kuthiwa nezenzakalo ezibabazekayo emhlabeni kufezeke. Imisebenzi yakhe ukujabulela impumelelo efanayo ukuthi abafundi abavamile, kanye nezifundiswa. Izindaba eziningi Kuprin kukhona standard wetinhlobo letihlukene tembhalo, ezifana "UKaputeni Rybnikov". Ngazo zonke izikhathi ahlale ethandwa ngamatshe anjalo ayigugu endaweni yomcebo kwezincwadi Russian ngokuthi "Garnet Isongo", "Shulamith", "Oles", "Listrigony," Junker "- zonke musa uhlu Yini ukufunda izingane zanamuhla izindaba ezifana. " White Poodle " ! Alexander Kuprin ezweni lethu has a ukuqashelwa kazwelonke ngempela.

Esakhula

Umlobi esizayo wazalwa ngo-August 1880, edolobheni elincane esifundazweni Penza. Uyise - isikhulu ezincane, bafa lapho indodana yakhe ngokulambisa libe nonyaka owodwa ubudala. Umama akakwazanga zivuse Alexander kancane, ngoba akazange abe imali eyanele, walinika mfana esikoleni intandane wayikhulisa.

Alexandrov School eMoscow akayekiwe yedwa izinkumbulo lifiphele. Lapha sadlulela zixhumana nabantu abasha, ukwenza izinto zokuchitha isizungu wabokuqala abasha yunoshestkaya, imisebenzi ebhaliwe, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke kusuka yokuthi isikole atholwe Alexander Kuprin - abangane.

Moscow wayemuhle amasiko abo zezinzalamizi, izinganekwane ayo, egcwele abadobela edolobheni nokuziqhenya (alimala Amalungelo yenhloko-dolobha!), Nge osaziwayo yasendaweni, eccentrics. ukubukeka sedolobha umsulwa futhi akekho omunye asipheli.

Cala kubhala

Izifundo Kuprin wanikeza imfundo sasivumela ephelele: izilimi - isiRashiya, isiFulentshi, isiJalimane. Physics, izibalo, umlando, amazwe nezincwadi (izincwadi). Nakhu zakamuva, futhi uye abe litheku ukuphila kuye. Lapha esikoleni, futhi wayebhale indaba yakhe yokuqala - ". Journal of the satirical Russian" "The Last Debut", eshicilelwe piping hot in the

Kuprin kwaba emangalisayo happy, nakuba wachitha isenzo ku cooler (izincwadi, kodwa Kuprin abasha bakhona babenqatshelwe kungesemehlweni induna esikoleni abamazanga Lo, kodwa ngenxa yokuntula ulwazi sokuphila kwangaphakathi futhi zivulelwe ajeziswe).

Ekugcineni, omunye umlobi Ezifuna kwaba ekilasini kuqala ezikhishwe esikoleni futhi ngabelwa ukukhonza waseningizimu-ntshonalanga eRussia, amadolobha akude yesifundazwe plan base lolungenamaphutsa ezichazwe indaba "Duel" futhi indaba "The Wedding".

Izikhungo ku imingcele

Material ngoba esihle, kanzima kuze kube sekupheleni imisebenzi, ezifana "Uphenyo", "Umbhede" kanye nabanye baqala inkonzo emngceleni. Nokho, umlobi ukucabanga ngokungathí sina ngokuthuthela umsebenzi okhokhelwayo etemibhalo. Kwakudingekile enkulu ukuthenga ukudla okwanele ukuze lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho, futhi ngakho emaphephandabeni yesifundazwe futhi indaba "ebumnyameni" wathatha e "Umcebo Russian" magazini.

Ngo-1890 Kuprin, okuphila kwakhe kanye nomsebenzi owayebonakala emkhulu embozwe moss ku boondocks, ngokungazelelwe wahlangana laseChekhov futhi Gorky. Kokubili master nendima enkulu e isiphetho Kuprin. Ngokwemvelo, u-Alexander Kuprin usebenza zazisa ngakho kakhulu, ngisho nangokwengeziwe - imibono yabo, futhi laseChekhov cishe ezikhulekelwa.

The main theme

Ngisho noyedwa isihloko esikhulu futhi ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukusebenzisa konke umbhali Alexander Kuprin, - uthando. Heroes kusuka emakhasini temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba bakhe ukukhanya ngqo Ngalo mqondo, yembula ngamazwi zako engcono, njalo elikhanyayo, njalo ukuthi kudabukisa kangakanani nge okumbalwa kakhulu (isibonelo, "Lilac Bush" - le ndaba enhle ngokumangalisayo samandla umbono iyona "neziphiwo Magi" by O. Henry, lapho konke iphela kahle, ngaphandle namahloni-ofisa iqhawe for ukukhohlisa kwayo kancane). Bonkhe babhali real njengoba Kuprin Aleksandr Ivanovich, biography esiza ukudala.

"Oles"

Umsebenzi wokuqala ngokwanele ezinkulu futhi kubaluleke kakhulu lapho 1898. Le indaba "Olesya" - sad, ngaphandle melodrama, ukukhanya, romantic. Izwe zemvelo Heroine - engokomoya ngokuvumelana njengoba kuqhathaniswa indoda nedolobha elikhulu futhi enobudlova. Ngokwemvelo, inkululeko kwangaphakathi, ubulula Olesya wadonsa protagonist ngokushesha kunokuba ucezu uzibuthe metal.

umusa Craven sasinamandla ukwedlula ingcebo engokomoya, cishe lokubulala intombazane ehlanzekile eqinile. Ububanzi ukuphila ezenhlalo nezamasiko Ungashintsha, ngisho umuntu zemvelo ezifana Olesya, kodwa lokhu okuthile Kuprin akuvumelekile. Ngisho umuzwa ephakeme yothando ayikwazi ukuvuseleleka izinga lomoya owabhubhisa impucuko. iphuzu Ngakho eliphezulu le ndaba kakhulu ukuthi Kuprina Aleksandra Ivanovicha ukuphila kwami afundisa yonke indawo futhi ubone ukukhanya nethunzi, ke kufihla.

"Garnet Isongo"

Ngo kakhulu ngokoqobo kwansuku, umbhali ufuna uthola abantu abanjalo, ogama Ukuthandwa umuzwa eliphezulu ikhono ukunqoba temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba ukuphila ngisho emaphusheni. Ebhekisela encazelweni "ndoda omncane", u-Alexander Kuprin, ogama izincwadi ezifundwayo ngobugovu, usebenza ngempela izimangaliso. It uphendulela kuprinskomu "omncane" isimo sobuntu ezicashile, uthando, bangana, esingenathemba futhi kuyadabukisa. Kuyamangalisa, isipho esihle kakhulu. Ngisho uyafa, siyavuka uthando lokuphila, zokunqoba ukufa. Futhi umculo, umculo, umphefumulo Reborn. Kuzwakala emgqeni ngamunye, ezinyakazayo kusuka aqandayo ukucatshangelwa sihloniphe uzizwa emhlabeni.

Iqiniso uthando kaPlato nakanjani ezibuhlungu. Ubumsulwa izinhlamvu inamandla ezakhayo zokudala. Lezi zinhlamvu avele ngaphambi abafundi njengoba Kuprin wabona ukuphila nomsebenzi okuyinto thina uyoyikhipha emhlabeni ngendlela enesihluku, uzama umphefumulo ethambile. Kulokhu, cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi kukhona ezinye underestimation hero yena, bekholelwa ilungelo ifa wesifazane ofisa wonke wokuba kwakhe. Noma kunjalo, ubunkimbinkimbi izimo futhi idrama ukuphela akabashiyi umfundi umuzwa wokwesaba, amaqhawe owakhuphula umfundi Alexander Kuprin, encwadini yakhe ethi ngokuphelele - siyajabulisa kakhulu lokuhle kakhulu. umuzwa Khanyisa ngemva kokufunda isikhathi eside kuze kube manje akabashiyi umfundi.

"White Poodle"

Le ndaba, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1903, ku-isitho grinder ubudala, umfana Seryozha nenja yabo yokwethembeka - a poodle Arto futhi Umlobi okuthiwa - "White Poodle". Alexander Kuprin, njengoba kunjalo ngokuvamile, indaba sketched kusuka ekuphileni. Ngu dacha wakhe yayivame izivakashi - abaculi, nje perekhozhie abantu, ama-pilgrim kanye zonke Kuprina privechala umndeni, idina fed wanika ukuphuza itiye. Phakathi izivakashi kwakukhona Ngokushesha indoda endala nge hurdy-gurdy, i acrobat nesincane inja ezimhlophe Thumela zobudokotela. Lokho bona owatshela umbhali ngalokho okwenzeka kubo.

lady Rich waphikelela ngokuthi ukuthengisa ukuba poodle wakhe omncane, indodana zibe futhi ezingezwakali, abalingisi, Enqaba-ke. Inenekazi yathukuthela, waqasha umuntu ukweba inja. Futhi Sergei wafaka ukuphila kwakhe engozini ukuze ukukhulula Artoshku ozithandayo. Kuprin indaba kwakubonakala ezithakazelisayo kuleyo ndaba kuhlanganisiwe kalula ezimbili izindikimba esithandayo - ekungalinganini emphakathini ubungani esingenandaba, uthando izilwane, ukubanakekela. Ngakho ngokuvamile umbhali esikhundleni sokusebenza, njengalokho eshilo yena Kuprin Aleksandr Ivanovich biography.

"I Duel"

Phakathi nonyaka wenkonzo, a uLieutenant wesibili 46th Infantry Regiment kanye Dnipro wakhulelwa futhi lahlupheka Alexander Kuprin "I Duel." City Proskurov lapho afike wakhonza khona, liyabonakala kalula kule ndaba. Lapho ethatha umhlalaphansi wakhe umbhali, waqala nokumisa amarekhodi abo disparate. Lapho indaba seliphelile, ke walidumisa Maxim Gorky, ebiza amaphoyisa omangalisayo futhi zonke ukucabanga futhi ethembekile kumele ekuyigxiliseni.

Futhi A. V Lunacharsky esizinikezele 'umdlalo "kuyi" Pravda "ekwindla ka-1905, lapho zonke izindlela kwingqikithi bese isitayela sokuloba ezifudumele, ethi mayelana Amakhasi enhle kwendaba Kuprin, okuyizinto isikhalazo obucacile impi, futhi nesinye isiphathiswa bayolizwa siqu izwi neporugannoy udumo lwakho.

Ezinye izigcawu "Duel" Paustovsky okuthiwa the best in the izincwadi Russian. Kodwa kwakukhona ukuhlolwa engqubuzanayo. Akuwona wonke umuntu bavumelana CSKA ngokoqobo laveta Alexander Kuprin (impilo kanye nomsebenzi wathi ngokucacile ukuthi akazange abhale igama samanga). Nokho, uLieutenant General Geysman osolwa umbhali ukunyundela, inzondo, ahlomele impi ngisho Uzame isimiso sezombangazwe sakhona.

Lona omunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu Kuprin ngomlando ukungqubuzana kwezinhloso a uLieutenant abasha Romashov isikhulu esiphezulu isikhundla. Customs, zikhathi zokuzivivinya, vulgarity isikhulu umphakathi - konke ukuphila eyashukumisela Kuprin ibutho yesifundazwe kwaphoqa kusukela yalelozwe abasha romantic - futhi! - samanje, uyathethelela, futhi olunzulu, uthando lokuzidela.

Uhlelo lokuqala le noveli eshicilelwe ephethe nokuzinikezela Maksimu Gorkomu, njengoba bonke enobudlova kakhulu futhi kwakwakhiwa kakhulu indaba ukunquma ukukhinyabezeka kwayo. Kodwa indaba akakuthandanga laseChekhov, futhi isimo sakhe romantic - ikakhulukazi kuka Kuprin kwakuhluke kakhulu badideka futhi ecasukile.

Ekwindla ka kulo nyaka umbhali ayichitha Balaklava eCrimea, lapho efunda ngesikhathi esiza abantulayo kusihlwa Nazansky Monologue kusukela "Duel". Balaklava - umuzi yezempi, ngo-ezithamelini okwamanje kwenzakala eziningi. Kwagqashuka kungamanyala omkhulu, okwasiza ucime itilosi, uLieutenant P. P. Shmidt, ngemva kwenyanga wahola siphambeko impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Ochakov". Umlobi wabona kubulawa abantu mathupha esinonya emasosheni kahulumeni kanye Amavukelambuso echazwe lezi zenzakalo ngokuthumela izincwadi ukuze Petersburg, iphephandaba "New Life". Ngalesi Kuprina kusukela Balaklava ethunyelwe amahora amane nesishiyagalombili. Kodwa umbhali wakwazi ukusindisa ekuhlushweni amatilosi ambalwa kusukela "Ochakovo". Lokhu ukuvukela ke izindaba ezinhle zalotshelwa: "Isicabucabu", igama elithi "amaNefili" emangalisayo "Gambrinus".

umndeni wombhali

unkosikazi Okokuqala kwaba Maria Kuprina Karlovna Davydov ashada naye ngo-1902 futhi sahlukana ngo-1909. Yayingowesifazane obukeka abafunde kakhulu, indodakazi cellist ezidumile kubashicileli bakamagazini. Umshado olandelayo waba umka-sikahulumeni esivelele Nicholas Jordan-Negoreva. Maria Karlovna kwesokunxele izinkumbulo Kuprin ncwadi - "kweminyaka engu".

Bahlala ndawonye, nendodakazi - noLidiya Aleksandrovna Kuprina, owafa ekuseni ngo-1924, okunikeza umzukulu wakhe u-Alexei umbhali. Izingane Kuprina Aleksandra Ivanovicha nomzukulu wakhe Ushiye kungekho ezinye inzalo ozalwa wayeka Kuprin.

Umkakhe wesibili, muse yakhe futhi ingelosi umqaphi - Elizabeth Moritsevna Heinrich, owashada umbhali washada ngo-1909. Yayiyindodakazi photographer, udadewabo actress. Elizabeth Moritsevna wayesebenze ukuphila kwakhe konke, ngaleso sikhathi kwakungenjalo, kwaba umhlengikazi. Angikwazanga ukusinda nokuvinjezelwa kweLeningrad.

Kwakungumsebenzi indodakazi Xenia Alexandrovna, intombazane enhle futhi uhlakaniphile, intandokazi hhayi kuphela umndeni, kodwa futhi abantu, okungenani kancane ukuxoxa naye. Wasebenza endlini imfashini eseduze ngesikhathi sikaPawulu Poiret, kwaba imodeli nomlingisikazi. Ngo-1958 wabuyela iFrance eSoviet Union. Futhi wabhala Umlando "Kuprin - ubaba." Wayedlala yemidlalo eMoscow iqanjwe Pushkin. Xenia Ngonyaka ubudala uvele UZinaida udade, kodwa ngo-1912, wabulawa i-pneumonia.

Oku-impi, impi futhi post-yimpi iminyaka

Zonke 1909 Kuprin basebenza kanzima - wabhala inoveli nezikhathi okuyingozi izikhonzi yethu. Umlobi wafuna ukubonisa ukuphila kusukela ngaphakathi esikhungweni sezifebe endaweni ethile esifundazweni. Tale akubiza ngokuthi "umgodi". Wawuthi isikhathi eside. Ngawo lowo nyaka waba Pushkin Prize waklonyeliswa, kanye Ivan Bunin. Lesi kwakuyisikhathi sokuba baqashelwa ngokomthetho kusukela Academy of Sciences.

Ngo-1911 Kuprin kwadingeka adayise ilungelo izdatelstkoe Complete Works. Esamukele Imali umshicileli likhulu lamawaka, kakade ngo-1915, umlobi wabhala ukuthi lusobishini izikweletu. Sabe eshicilelwe indaba "Garnet Isongo", okuyinto ngesisa kangaka wabhala Kuprin Aleksandr Ivanovich, izindaba "telegrapher" futhi "amanga ongcwele" - usebenza emihle, lyrical, edabukisayo. Baqonda kahle wabonisa ukuthi umphefumulo kombhali akuyona shí ingcebo, ukuthi namanje uzimisele ukuzwelana, uthando nesihawu.

Ngo-1914 Kuprin bavuma ngokuzithandela ukwenza impi, lesikhulu sombutho futhi. Wakhonza Finland, kodwa hhayi isikhathi eside: wabonwa njengoba langakufanelekela wetemphilo. Waphindela ekhaya, futhi ekhaya - esibhedlela: Elizabeth Moritsevna nendodakazi Xenia banakekela kwalimala ... It lidlule neminyaka yempi. Revolution-1917 Kuprin abazange baqonde futhi akazange azamukele. Lenin akakuthandanga. Ngemva kokunqotshwa White ukunyakaza ngo-1920 Kuprin kwesokunxele Russia.

Iminyaka engamashumi amabili zokuphila Kuprin eyenziwa eFrance ibonisa ukuthi kunzima kangakanani ukujwayela abantu Russian phesheya. Wawungenazo Amaholo. imisebenzi Umbhali odumile kakhulu sika yahunyushelwa olimini lwesiFulentshi, kodwa entsha Akulotshiwe is. Amabhizinisi ikakhulukazi akusebenzanga. Into esemqoka - wadla umphefumulo ukulangazelela. intsha Gone, ezempilo, amandla, ithemba ... Kuyinto lokhu ISIFISO kwakwande ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi ezinkulu kuphela eyabhalwa Alexander Ivanovich kude Russia - noveli "Juncker". It wathola izinkumbulo cishe obubhalwe lesikole lempi, efudumele, ukudumala, kodwa uhlobo olufanayo futhi emnene amahlaya kuprinskim. Ngempela, wayefuna ngempela ukuze ubuyele emuva ekhaya.

Ekhaya!

Wakhumbula iphupho weza Kuprina kweqiniso ukuphinde ngibuyele eRussia. Umlobi ukufa wabuyela ekhaya ukuba afe. Umhlangano kwaba ngendlela emangalisayo efudumele - wayemthanda kakhulu kangangokuba cishe wonke eMoscow banquma ukuphinde bahlangane naye. Injabulo Alexander Ivanovich kwaba engenakulinganiswa. Abazibonele bayakufakazela ukuthi ngokuvamile bakhala, ke eshukunyiswa konke: izingane, nephunga njengezitha zezwe lokhokho, futhi ikakhulukazi ukunakwa nothando kwabanye. Umlobi, naphezu kokugula kwakhe, yanyatheliswa: indaba inhlokodolobha "eMoscow bomdabu", bese inkumbulo Gorky (nge okuzenzakalelayo omkhulu, njengoba ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe Kuprin Gorky abalenamelanga ukusekelwa iyathinteka "umbuso yokwesaba nangenxa yokugqilazeka").

Ngaphansi entsha 1937 Kuprin wathutha yiLeningrad sahlala khona, sizungezwe ukunakekelwa. Ngo-June 1938, lapho ehambela Gatchina yakhe ethandekayo, lapho ngakho ngokumangalisayo iqhakazile kanye Lilac. They dela Cottages yabo endala yokuphila, futhi abayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa isinxephezelo ngawo, bazinza ngesikhathi umngane yomfelokazi umakhi abadumile. Kuprin wadabula ingadi enhle ukuze sijabulele ukuthula nenjabulo ethule.

Nokho, lesi sifo sasikhona, uphethwe Kwakwethusa - umdlavuza emphinjeni. ELeningrad, sengibuyile Gatchina, umkhandlu wanquma ukumhlinza Kuprin. Okwesikhashana wayengumuntu kangcono, kodwa Odokotela baxwayisa ukuthi ithemba, isimiso, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi. Kuprin wafa. Ezinsukwini yamuva, futhi wenza ukuba bonke ukuthi kungenzeka - nakodokotela abaphambili, ukunakekelwa kakhulu. Kodwa lesi sandiso zokuphila kungenzeka ingabi phakade.

ukuphila okuphakade

umhlaziyi Literary, wabhala Umlando umbono ocacile emangalisayo, umbhali waseRussia ngempela abaqhubeka emasikweni engcono classical of ngokoqobo ezibucayi, umlandeli brilliant L. N. Tolstogo. Alexander Kuprin, okuyinto ucaphuna ngokuhamba kwekhulu, utlole engaphezu kwekhulu imisebenzi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Wayengumuntu eyiqiniso, eqotho, lokunengi imininingwane ebalulekile ngamunye inkulumo yakhe, wabhala kuphela lokho aye wayithola, wazibona, perechuvstvoval.

Kuprin esibhekiswe yasakazwa izilaleli kungenzeka, umfundi akuxhomekile yobulili lobudala, wonke umuntu uzothola imigqa bakhe eyabo, saziswe. Humanism, ophikelelayo siyajabulisa, plastic, izincazelo ezicacile, ocebile kakhulu ulimi usizo Kuprina imisebenzi kuze kube namuhla omunye kabanzi kunazo ufunde. Imisebenzi yakhe ziye wathwebula, okuhleliwe kanye lahunyushelwa ezilimini eziningi.