Umbhali American uMarta Gellhorn: Biography, empilweni yakho, umsebenzi

Ezingqondweni zabaningi uMarta Gellhorn sihlale umfazi wesithathu Ernest Hemingway. Ngo ukuthi uvezwa njengoMahluleli izincwadi nama-encyclopedia, yize ayengeyena omunye wabesifazane ezimbalwa yokubika lempi.

Ngayo yonke inhliziyo yakhe ethembekile izikebhe lesibonwa, uye enikelwe ngokubhala imibiko kungekho kweminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha. Lona wesifazane wasuswa ngokusemthethweni ukhishwa isihloko omunye izintatheli abahlanu zaba nethonya elikhulu kakhulu phezu ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano zomphakathi e-United States phakathi nekhulu XX. Lokhu isenzakalo esiyingqopha-mlando imakwe ukukhululwa kwe uchungechunge olukhethekile izitembu izimvilophu.

umlandvomufi

UMarta Gellhorn wazalwa ngo-St Louis (USA) ngo-1908. Abazali bakhe baba Dzhordzh Gellhorn (udokotela) kanye Edna Fishell ehola ukuze kuvikeleke amalungelo abesifazane bezikhandla.

Mashi Young ebuntwaneni bakhe baqala ukubhala izinkondlo kanye tindzaba letimfisha, ngakho akekho wamangala lapho yaphinde yamemezela inhloso yayo ukufinyelela eziphakeme e izikebhe lwembhali. Ngemva kokuthola iziqu ekolishi, waya emsebenzini endlini encane ukushicilela futhi wabhala imibiko ngezindaba zezwe lobugebengu. Nokho, lapha ngoMashi ayihlalanga futhi baya eYurophu befuna adventure kanye izingqikithi ezintsha.

Isiqalo okusheshayo yintatheli

Amazing ikhono intatheli omncane wayephethe ikhono ukuthola izindlela ukuthola abantu abanethonya futhi wakuthola. Ngenkathi inhlokodolobha isiFulentshi, izinsuku uMarta Gellhorn cishe ezimbalwa wathola umsebenzi umagazini ethandwa Vogue. Kakade njengendlela umlobeli we ncwadi yena yabakhanga umbhali Bertrand de Jouvenel, eyise kwakungumuntu sezombusazwe abadumile French futhi ohlakaniphile.

Ngokusho idatha olungekho emthethweni, bashada, kodwa idokhumenti is hhayi ukuqinisekisile. Ngaleso sikhathi, uBertrand wayeshadile, futhi abukho ubufakazi bokuthi kwakukhona isehlukaniso. Kunoma yikuphi, lokhu ubuhlobo akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside, njengoba uMarta Gellhorn Kwanele umphakathi isiFulentshi, futhi waba nesithakazelo yokuphisa impi e-Europe. Washiya Paris, kusale Bertrand.

Amazing

Ngemva kokuba Melika waqala ukuba matasatasa umbikiindaba esikhulu sephephandaba elisakazwa kabanzi. izindaba bawo babeyizimpisi umxhwele ukuze umuntu onjalo elinamandla, Harry Hopkins, waba nesithakazelo ngobani uMarta Gellhorn. Biography intatheli inikeza amaqiniso ezikhomba ubudlelwano bayo kuhulumeni Franklin D. Roosevelt, owayesebenza Hopkins. Simelele kaMongameli Administration intombazane wamxosha emizini eyinhloko of America futhi wabhala uchungechunge Tindzaba ngalokho imiphumela kwadingeka Ukucindezeleka Omkhulu ngoba izingxenye ezahlukene sabantu. Imiphumela observation banikezwe hhayi kuphela izihloko lesibonwa, kodwa futhi encwadini "Inkinga Sengike ngakubona." Leli qoqo izindaba umsebenzi wokuqala tetemibhalo, okuyinto wabhala uMarta Gellhorn. Izincwadi zakhe, njengoba izincwadi eziningi zibhalwa ngezinhlamvu isitayela esiyingqayizivele, ngokuphazima kweso futhi ngaphandle bokubanga ( "walahlekelwa impi," "Ukuhamba wedwa futhi iziphuphutheki").

Phakathi nalokho kubingelelana, Marta eba ngumngane wami oseduze we Eleonory Ruzvelt, unkosikazi kamengameli. Ngaphezu izithakazelo ezivamile, bathola ukuthi le ntokazi lokuqala owayazi nonina uMartha ekolishi.

Indawo abantu abanethonya futhi wakuthola futhi banikwa intatheli yabo ithembisa umsebenzi omuhle ekuphathweni, kulandele i-career zezombusazwe. Kodwa wonke amalungelo paled ngokuziqhathanisa adventure oluzayo kanye nohambo, ngakho ukukhetha uMarta sobala.

Ubuhlobo Wells

Ukuvakashela ekhaya kamongameli, uMarta eseke lokujwayela umlobi odumile owayesebenza uhlobo yesayensi, nge HG Wells. Waphinde waba isivakashi wamukelekile emndenini sikaMongameli.

Ngaleso sikhathi, uHerbert kwaba emshadweni futhi, ngaphezu, aqukethe abathandi eziningana, kodwa akakwazanga ukumelana nokucindezela uMarta. Ngaphansi kwethonya yakhe, wenza isiqunto sokuya naye waya eYurophu, khona kanye Ukuphekwa Ngobhojwana NgamaFascist of igqamuka impi up.

ngqó, impendulo ingu sibonga Wells futhi eqeqeshwa yakhe waqala azungeze emibuthanweni lesibonwa ephakeme. Ukushisa alukapheli kusukela nobuhlobo babo ngisho nangemva kweminyaka eminingi, lapho bobabili babengabantu umndeni.

Ajwayelane Hemingway

Isidingo futhi ukuthandwa intatheli 30s maphakathi izuzwe isikali umxhwele: kohambo lwakhe emazweni aseYurophu futhi izihloko embula iqiniso elibuhlungu zokuphila in the sokushisekela American, babe zelizwe uhlamvu. "Inobudlabha joe" Marta kungcono umhlangano ebalulekile umlobi odumile Ernest Hemingway waqhutshwa phakathi Florida Bar. Ngokusho Ernest, yena washaqeka lapho ethola imilenze kaMarta shapely futhi sathandana nabo ekuqaleni, sabe kakhulu kuye.

Kwesobunxele e Florida, intatheli abangane nge Polin Pfayfer, umka-umbhali ngaleso sikhathi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Pauline futhi okubhale Vogue futhi Kwakuwuhambo ubuntu ezithakazelisayo, Hemingway wayesenze amaphutha wathwalwa yizingelosi uMarta. Phakathi izithakazelo zawo ezifanayo kwaba uthando ashisayo Spain, ngakho-ke, akumangalisi ukuthi bobabili kwesokunxele kuleli zwe siyadlula impi yombango.

imisebenzi yokubika Joint

Hemingway & Gellhorn Wafika eSpain ukukhanya: ababenakho eyodwa ipotimende hhayi ezingaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu zamadola ezimbili. passion yabo kwaba cula izenzakalo ezenzeka kuleli zwe, futhi ngokusho kwezinye izincwadi, ochwepheshe, uMarta kangcono kakhulu nokuloba imibiko kuka lover wakhe elikhazimulayo.

Bobabili harbored uyamzwela Social Party, ngaleso sikhathi owayese amandla, futhi izihloko zabo zalotshelwa nale isikhundla.

1940 kwaphawulwa i imibhangqwana olusemthethweni umshado. Ndawonye bafeza imisebenzi yabo yokubika, ngokuvakashela iFinland, iFrance, Indonesia neChina. Ngenxa yalokho uMarta Ernest sengithole idumela brilliant ezazivela impi.

Intathelizindaba kwaba kushukumisa uthando yomlobi, njengoba kule noveli "Kobani le Imigwaqo ekhokhelwayo Bell", u-Ernest baletha emhlabeni wonke udumo, sanikezelwa wakhe. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingana zokuphila Vagabond umbhangqwana uthenge indawo yethu futhi wahlala kuwo.

Hemingway & Gellhorn: umzabalazo izinhlamvu

Injabulo yemndeni isime ambalwa abadumile awuzange ezimiselwe isikhathi eside. Izinkanuko sasishubile ngenxa ukwenqena kaMarta goba nezidingo nomyeni wakhe ngendlela azizwa akazange ukushintsha igama, ukusebenzisa indlu, silandela ezinyathelweni kwabafazi odlule futhi intombi eseceleni Ernest.

Okwakushiwo ukuphila intatheli kwaba umsebenzi okhokhelwayo, futhi ukusebenza kwawo juqu asitholanga ukwesekwa oluvela kumyeni wakhe. Yena egxilile yena lo msebenzi uma kuqubuka impi: kwaba abanikeze asebenza nabo phakathi nesikhathi sokuqhuma kwamabhomu, waba nengxenye Allied kokwehla laseNormandy, wabukela wamboza yokukhululwa ekamu lokuhlushwa eDachau.

Ayikwazi ukumelana ukungabi njalo lomkakhe nawezinye isimo sakhe sengqondo ezinzima ku journalism, Hemingway wamupha ugwayi katiki. kukhetho lukaMbimbitho sasingasabavumeli ngomshado - yena ayethanda nenkululeko kanye adventure. Kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi bahlala emthunzini umlobi odumile.

umsebenzi Ngaphezu kwalokho Marty Gellhorn

Ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe II yaqala intatheli Ukuhlanganisa nezinye izingxabano zempi. Engxenyeni wembhali XX leminyaka emaphephandabeni nakomagazini yesibili ziqondakala izenzakalo eziningi kuba ngemehlo uMarta.

Izinto ezesabekayo eziye zenzeka amaNazi ukwenza kwaholela eqinisweni ukuthi umlobi bavikela amalungelo abantu bamaJuda esimweni sabo siqu, futhi naye wabhala ngesikhukhula Isivivinyo yamaNazi.

Umshado wesithathu umbhali, ne umhleli oyinhloko we "Izikhathi" T. Matthews, kwaba eside, kodwa ephukile Mashi wayethethelela ngemva inoveli eside eneka ohlangothini lomyeni wakhe. UMarta Gellhorn, ukuphila siqu ukuthi wayecebile, kodwa ngempela akuphumelelanga, ekugcineni eyayidumazekile lomshado futhi bashade. intatheli Life waphazanyiswa intando yakhe ngo-1998: enesifo somdlavuza kokuba yimpumputhe, wathatha umthamo enkulu imithi.

Umlobi futhi intatheli uMarta Gellhorn, lesisho kabanzi ziphindaphindwe futhi bahumusha izikhathi eziningi, ube uhlobo isithombe zonke feminists nabesifazane ezimele. I eyaziwa kahle kakhulu isitatimende sakhe mayelana umyeni wakhe wangaphambili: "Ngangingeyena umlobi ngaphambi wamhlangabeza, futhi bengilokhu ngingumfelokazi umlobi iminyaka 45 ngemva Kungani kufanele ngibe nje waphansi emphilweni yemuntfu.?"