Umthetho "Ngo Ukukhangisa". UMthetho Federal N 38-FZ: Ingqikithi

Eminyakeni yamuva, ukukhangisa isibe ngendlela emangalisayo okuningi. Kuyinto zonke izinto ezisizungezile: ku-intanethi, emgwaqeni, kumabonakude, njll Ngokwemvelo, uhlelo enkulu eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana kanjani ukukhangisa kufanele kube kuncike kumthethonqubo esiqinile. UMthetho Federal "Ngo Ukukhangisa" nge ehlaziya uzobe okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko.

Ububanzi yoMthetho

Ngokuhambisana zoMthetho Federal "Ngo Ukukhangisa" inqubo yokuthumela ukubika ulwazi oluthile nganoma iyiphi indlela zomthetho, nganoma iyiphi indlela nganoma iyiphi indlela. Imininingwane ingathunyelwa umphakathi. Yalwa kuso kulesi simo ukuze badonsele ukunaka inqubo into. Ukwakheka kanye nokugcinwa isithakazelo entweni ethile - okungukuthi injongo eyinhloko ukukhangisa.

Ububanzi zoMthetho Federal mikhulu. Ngakho, lesi sihloko wesibili uthi ukukhangisa zezombusazwe yereferensi nolwazi kanye izinto kohlaziyo ulwazi umkhiqizo, njll Zonke nezimfuneko eziqanjwe mthetho kukhona, njengoba umthetho, nomkhiqizi umkhiqizo, kodwa asidlulisela izakhamuzi abenza amasevisi ukusebenza ukukhangisa.

Izimfuneko imikhiqizo yokukhangisa

Isigaba 5 zoMthetho Federal "Ngo Ukukhangisa" usungula izidingo eziyisisekelo ngenqubo ukukhangisa. Umthetho uthi lezi zinqubo kungenziwa igqoke inhlamvu ukuya empini ngenxa kanembeza futhi abonakele. Lokhu yikho eyinqaba ekukhangiseni ngokungafanele:

• okuqukethwe ulwazi olungalungile noma amanga mayelana nomkhiqizo zimenyezelwe, kanye imikhiqizo evela kweminye abakhiqizi;
• ukutholakala kolwazi, ukujivaza nodumo engilakhele isithunzi sobukhulu umuntu, kuhlanganise mncintiswano;
• khona izindlela kungavunyelwe yokukhangisa: isethulo ezicashe omunye umkhiqizo, uphawu okungalungile, ulwazi olungalungile mayelana nomkhiqizi, njll

Kufanele futhi ukhulume yezikhangiso ezingamanga. Iqukethe:

• nobuntu izimpahla okuyinto ayihambisani ngokoqobo;
• ulwazi olungalungile mayelana nomkhiqizo zimenyezelwe inzuzo phezu neminye imikhiqizo;
• ulwazi olungamanga mayelana nemibandela kwezidingo, izindleko, okunezinhlobonhlobo, njll

Ukukhangisa kunoma isiphi isimo angabizi ngokudala udlame, imisebenzi engekho emthethweni, ziqukethe okubalulekile kocansi, njll

izinhlobo ukukhangisa

Izihloko 7-10 zoMthetho Federal "Ngo Ukukhangisa" kuvikelwe izinhlobo ezinkulu zokukhangisa izinqubo. Ngakho, Article 7 amaphuzu yokuqala ayikwazi ikhangiswe kwanoma yiziphi izimo:

• iziqhumane;
• imikhiqizo engabhalisiwe;
• Imikhiqizo ngaphandle isitifiketi;
• Imikhiqizo ngaphandle kwelayisensi;
• imikhiqizo, ukuqaliswa lapho kungavunyelwe ensimini ka isimo Russian;
• izidakamizwa, ugwayi, utshwala, abanye izindlela;
• amasevisi abortifacient wezokwelapha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mthethosivivinywa libhekisela izinhlobo ezinkulu zokukhangisa. Lapha ivelele:

• ukukhangisa sakhe ngekwemiva netenhlalo;
• ukukhangisa zezombusazwe;
• imikhiqizo yokukhangisa kanye nezinsizakalo ngendlela eqhelile ukudayiswa yayo;
• ukukhangisa izinto ezinkulu zenzeke.

Abanye ochwepheshe ukuhlukanisa nezinye ngezigaba.

Izici ukukhangisa

Ukukhangisa, njenganoma iyiphi enye mkhuba, enezinto eziningi izici. Ikakhulukazi, lapho khona:

• Ithelevishini ukukhangisa. Kuhlelwe ngokuhambisana nezidingo Article 14 alo mthetho. Lokhu kusho ukungakwazi uphazamisa ukukhangisa kanye nokugqugquzela uhlelo yenkolo, kanye ukudluliswa, isikhathi okuyinto ngemizuzu engaphansi kuka-15. Usungula imithetho iTheyiphu kanye nesikhathi commercial breaks.
• Radio ukukhangisa. Isici esiyinhloko lapha - ubude commercial breaks, ubude baso akufanele budlule 20% nsuku yezokusakaza isikhathi.
• Ukukhangisa ku wabezindaba. Kufanele kumakwe hhayi okufanele kungene ezingaphezu kuka 45% umthamo kushicilelwe.
• Ukukhangisa ku ebhayisikobho. Akuvunyelwe uphazamisa tape. Izinketho kuphela - egijima umugqa noma uyibonise phambi movie.
• Telecommunication Isikhangiso. Akuvunyelwe lolu hlobo lwesikhangiso ngaphandle kwemvume ucingo futhi umemukeli.
• ukukhangisa Outdoor. Kufanele ukufakwa ngokuhambisana nezimiso ezazithinta ukusetshenziswa zezitsha, amabhodi ezikhangiso, izimpawu elekthronikhi, njll

Ngaleso sizathu uMthetho Federal "Ngo Ukukhangisa" usungula ngempela inqwaba yemithetho kanye nezidingo.

Mayelana ukuzithiba

Isahluko sesine zoMthetho Federal "Ngo Ukukhangisa" (N 38-FZ) iyalandisa ukuzithiba izinqubo ukukhangisa ensimini. Kuyini imayelana nani? Iphuzu lapha yilona yokuhlanganisa abakhangisi, wawuyomiswa ukuze bavikele izithakazelo namalungu awo ukumelwa. Inhlangano usethe futhi uhambisane namazinga athile nezimiso zokuziphatha ukuqinisekisa control esiqinile phezu lezi ziqondiso.

Ukukhangisa izinhlangano enemitheshwana amandla sasivumela ezibanzi. Lapha, ngokukhethekile, ivelele:

• ukumelwa izintshisekelo zabo ezifanele;
• isikhalazo iziqondiso enkantolo;
• Ukubuyekeza of amacala umzimba antimonopoly;
• ukuthuthukiswa imithetho yomsebenzi ngokuyikho;
• ukubhalisa izikhalazo;
• ukuqoqwa kanye storage of ulwazi namalungu enhlangano;
• nokugcina irejista lemihlomulo namalungu enhlangano.

Ukuzithiba - wandile emkhakheni wokukhangisa.

Kweqhaza igunya mncintiswano

Sishilo kakade ukubandakanywa asebenzayo wegunya umncintiswano emkhakheni wokukhangisa. Lokhu umzimba, ngokwe-Federal Law №38 "Ngo Ukukhangisa", unelungelo ukusebenzisa inombolo ngokwanele elikhulu imisebenzi. Ikakhulukazi, kubalulekile ukwaba:

• abakhangisi Ukukhishwa ukwephula imithetho;
• ukugcwalisa kumangala enkantolo lokuvala sikhangisi oluthile;
• isikhalazo ukuba inkantolo ukulamula umbango okumemezela semthethweni yeziqondiso ngazinye uhlobo wendawo;
• isicelo wezinyathelo zemithwalo yemfanelo;
• inhlangano amasheke nokunye okuningi.

By endleleni, hlola Izinkampani zokukhangisa kunesithembiso hhayi kuphela igunya mncintiswano. Ekufezeni amasheke kuwufanele ukuxoxa okwengeziwe.

ukukhangisa ukuhlolwa

Article 35,1 zoMthetho Federal "Ngo Ukukhangisa" (njengoba uchitshiyelwe ku 28.03.2017) uthi kokuqondisa isimo emkhakheni zokukhiqiza kanye ukubonisa ukukhangisa kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela ebekwe imithetho WaseRussia. Isihloko audit kuyinto banal izikhulu ukubulawa nezimfuneko eziqanjwe zoMthetho Federal enixoxa ngalo. Yini okufanele ibe yisisekelo sokufeza amasheke? Yilokho Umthetho ube usuthi:

• kwesikhathi oda ukuqeda ukwephulwa;
• yokwemukela iziphathimandla zikahulumeni izikhalazo kanye nezikhalazo ezivela ezakhamuzini;
• ukuhlonza ephule phakathi ukuhlolwa, ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nezidingo esiyisibopho Izinkampani zokukhangisa;
• ukuba khona oda kusuka abaholi ukuhlolwa.

Ukucwaningwa kufanele kuthathe izinsuku akukho engaphezu kwamashumi amabili besebenza. Nokho, ezimweni ezehlukile, kungase kudluliselwe.

Leziphathimandla ezibangela ukwephulwa

UMthetho Federal №38-FZ "Ngo Ukukhangisa" abakhangisi usungula isibopho sezomthetho ngenxa yokwephula nezimfuneko eziqanjwe. Ngakho, Article 38 Bill uthi ukwephulwa oshayiwe nokukhangisa kuhilelani icala civil izinhlangano ezingokomthetho kanye nabantu (kusuka inani lezitolo zabantu ngabanye). Action e inkantolo arbitral ungaqhubeka ukuhlonza umzimba antimonopoly amaqiniso ukusakaza yezikhangiso ezingamanga. Kungase kube kushushiswe futhi ieala zokuphatha - ikakhulu ngoba umkhiqizi isikhangiso futhi isikhangiso.

Paid ngabasebenzi ezingalungile zokuthola okukhangisa izinhlawulo ikhokhwe esiKhwameni isabelomali sikahulumeni - amaphesenti angu-40 inani esihle. amaphesenti angu-60 kuya isabelomali lesifunda.