Ukusingathwa ingozi ekilasini 1-4: yokuhlala kanye nokusetshenziswa

Waste 1 - 4 ikilasi ingozi ukuvikela kokubili imvelo kanye kwabantu nezilwane kufanele agcinwe futhi ngokufanele. Yonke imikhiqizo ukuthi abe nomthelela omubi semvelo, zihlukaniswe 5 amakilasi, kodwa kuyingozi kakhulu kuyizinto zokuqala ezine, njengoba ngenyanga yesihlanu siqukethe izinto ezivuselelekayo futhi.

grade 5

Lesi sigaba has leliphansi kakhulu ingozi. Ngokuvamile, sikhuluma yihlane wosayizi omkhulu yasekhaya: ifenisha ubudala nezinto, imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngepulasitiki noma ingilazi, iphepha kanye ukudla udoti.

bamaGreyidi wesi-4

Ukusingathwa 1 - 4 ikilasi ingozi ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka degree of ukuchayeka. Ibanga 4 nje kuhlanganisa imikhiqizo ingozi ongaphakeme emvelweni. umonakalo yokulungisa ekulimaleni enjalo kungaba eminyakeni emithathu. Ngaphandle besiyoba sikhulu imfucuza yasendlini, leli qembu sihlanganisa ukwakhiwa imfucuza: izinsalela isitini, imfucumfucu, metal, ingilazi ephukile, ukhuni ezingadingekile.

Lesi sigaba kuhlanganisa, futhi ukudla oily evelayo ngenxa ukwakhiwa imithombo nokuthuthukiswa ensimini. Ukuchithwa kokungcola kuyalawulwa ingozi ekilasini 4, ikakhulu kulabo lapho kukhona uwoyela, kumele kuhambisane iziqondiso ezingokomthetho.

grade 3

Lesi sigaba ingozi inikezwe imikhiqizo kanye izinto ezilimaza imvelo. Yokutakula ihlala iminyaka engu-10. Lesi sigaba samukelwa ku ukwakhiwa imfucuza, ukukhiqizwa udoti ngendlela imishini okuyiphutha, imisebe iraba, amafutha ngetinhloso letehlukene, acid kanye alkalis. umthombo ukungcola Kulokhu kukhona zokwakha, kuhlanganise sidle zokwakha, izitshalo zezimboni.

2 ekilasini

imfucuza enobungozi 1 - 4 amakilasi ukusetshenziselwa isikhathi eside - okungenani iminyaka emithathu. ingozi High sabelwe izimpahla, imikhiqizo ezikubhizinisi nekilasi lesibili. Lezi imfucumfucu bayakwazi ukushintsha yakhoibrium semvelo, futhi kuthathe iminyaka okungenani engu-30 wokubuyiselwa izindawo enobuthi. Ukuze lesi sigaba kungokukaJehova imikhiqizo izitshalo elimazayo, imishini ukuthi Uphule phansi, izingoma chemical - uwoyela, alkalis, acid. umthombo ukungcoliswa kukhona amabhizinisi ezimbonini. Esikhathini isigaba ingozi futhi sesibili sihlanganisa amabhethri, okuyinto abangela umonakalo ongalungiseki imvelo ngenxa ubuthi acid nomthofu. Ukusingathwa iqoqo, ngokuvumelana nemithetho, kufanele babulawe endaweni esitsheni ozinikele.

grade 1

Lena eziyingozi kakhulu ezilimazayo, khona lapho ngokwemvelo kungaholela nangemiphumela eyinhlekelele nokubhujiswa cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba alulame. Leli qembu kuhlanganisa ezimbonini. amaseli kukagesi, thermometer, mercury isibani noma Fluorescent esekelwe amathuluzi ahlukahlukene - konke lokho kuchithwa 1 ekilasini ingozi. Uhlu kuhlanganisa lokuqala zonke izinto mercury-equkethe, ngoba metal oncibilikisiwe is ngokushesha adedelwa imvelo futhi enza umonakalo ongalungiseki semvelo.

Izidingo oshayiwe bathi ekilasini lokuqala imfucuza bugcogcwe ngokuhlukile kweminye imikhiqizo emaphaketheni ekhethekile. Njengomthetho, wadala kusuka metal lashukumisa, kusukela udoti ayikwazi kabusha. Ukuchithwa kokungcola kuyalawulwa ingozi ekilasini 1, ikakhulukazi mercury futhi izinto radioactive wamakhemikhali nezibulala-zinambuzane Kwenziwa kuphela ukusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile. Inqubo ngokwaso Kwenziwa izindlela ezahlukene: ekuqiniseni, microwave amandla noma nokulonda landfills ekhethekile. A izindlela zesintu wokusha, isibonelo, kuphela okunye bungangcolisi indawo.

Indlela ukunciphisa engcupheni?

Njengoba sishilo, imfucuza 1 - 4 ikilasi of ingozi kungabangela umonakalo ongalungiseki imvelo. Uhlelo ekhethekile ukulawula ukuvimbela lokhu, usethe, okuvumela esiphezulu ukuze ikhuculule uphinde uqhubeke ukusebenzisa ke. Emazweni amaningi, kanti eRussia ngokukhethekile, baye bamukela imithetho, owawuthi imfucuza kumele ngaphansi:

• kabusha;
• ukucutshungulwa;
• iphinde isetshenziswe.

Izindlela kulahlwa: nokushiswa

Kabusha 1 - 4 grade ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngokugcina nobe ovuthayo. Indlela yokuqala landfill ezivamile, Nokho, ukunciphisa umonakalo nemvelo ke ihlelwe kwi inhlabathi ubumba ukuthi Uqinisa geosynthetics ezahlukene. Umsebenti wabo - ukuvimbela ukuvuza imithi enobungozi endaweni ezungezile.

Nokushiswa - uyakwazi ukunciphisa isibalo sabo e landfills, kodwa lokhu nqubo kwekhabhoni esiyingozi izidakamizwa eziyingozi. Uma ufuna ukunciphisa umonakalo emvelweni, imikhiqizo ayafa ezitshalweni nokushiswa, okuyinto zinama multi-esiteji uhlelo emoyeni nokuhlanzwa.

Waste 1 - 4 ikilasi ingozi ukuthi asikwazi kabusha kanye esetshenziswa esikhathini esizayo, okungenza zingashi kufanele igqitshwe. Uma udala ekhosombeni indlela okwakheke ngayo Geological esetshenziswa amathangi - egwadle, le-basalt, Gypsum, kodwa kulokhu kubalulekile ukukhumbula kwezinye izimo.

1. Izinhla kumele kube manzi amanzi esindayo kwezakhi kumelwe ibekwe ngaphansi.
2. Kuyinto kuphoqelekile ukusonteka okungase kubangelwe phuca ngaphansi kwethonya izici ezihlukahlukene.

Uma usebenzisa anawo ngaphansi komhlaba udoti, bese kwenziwa ukusetshenziswa iziqukathi ekhethekile.

Ukulahlwa kwezinto imikhiqizo enobungozi

Ukuchithwa kokungcola kuyalawulwa ingozi ekilasini 1 - ngesilinganiso sina. Ngokwesibonelo, kuzuzisa ukugcina izinto eziqhumayo amathangi ekhethekile ngomshoshaphansi kumele uhlangabezane nezimfuneko okusezingeni eliphezulu.

1. Ukusingathwa ibekwe Tarah, abazokwazi ukumelana umthwalo ezahlukene - mechanical ukushaqeka imisinga.
2. Ufaka izinto ifanelekile kude nezintambo zikagesi.
3. Kuyinto mkhosi esiyisibopho sesitoreji lokushisa futhi ebulala ukuvikela imfucuza kusuka ekusebenzisaneni ikhemikhali yezingxenye asele.

Noma is kabusha?

Ukusingathwa ukuphathwa nzima kudingeka ukuhlunga kanye yokuqoqela eseceleni kuphela. Kodwa kuba ikhambi enengqondo kakhulu le nkinga. Udoti 1 - 3 ekilasini ingozi ngempela efanelekayo ukuze iphinde isetshenziswe. Sikhuluma zepulasitiki, amabhethri, uginindela yayo yonke inhlobo. Yiqiniso, le nqubo idinga ukutshalwa ezinkulu zezimali, okuyinto bengayi ukuhlala emazweni ase-European, kodwa eRussia le ndlela alisetshenziswa kaningi njengokuthanda akuzona zonke inkampani ungathola izindlela zokukhiqiza imfucuza.

Indlela yokubhekana ubuthi?

imfucuza enobungozi 1 - 4 amakilasi, okuyinto akhiwa ubuthi, ngokuvamile neutralized by izindlela ezishisayo. Belapho eziningi.

• Liquid-isigaba namachibi isetshenziselwa indle isigaba liquid KULETHA okuyizinto lamanzi anokugcola. Indlela kuhilela ukusebenza ezingeni lokushisa ethile nokucindezelwa, libhekene azinakwa amandla ukulahlekelwa, owawubumba phakathi kwenqubo ku Ukushisa kwamanzi ukugqwala is, futhi lena ethile eyinhloko.
• catalysis heterogeneous. Isetshenziselwa uma kudingeka iwukudambisa ezimbonini ngo lwesigaba gaseous noma uketshezi.
• Pyrolysis, esiwumfanekiso oxidizing noma ezomile. pyrolysis oxidative - kuyinto noqhekeko ezishisayo of eziyingozi imikhiqizo zamakhemikhali, ebe eshile noma ingxenye, noma uxhumane ne imikhiqizo eziwumphumela amandla omlilo uphethiloli. Indlela ilungele kodaka, epulasitikini, amafutha, nophethiloli amanyela. Lapho imikhiqizo pyrolysis ezomile ukubola thermally kodwa ngaphandle oksijini. Ngenxa ukusebenza kahle eliphezulu futhi okungezona imfucuza, ubuchwepheshe bayindlala kakhulu.
• Gasification - nenye indlela kabusha. Izinzuzo le ndlela ukuthi imiswe phakathi neminyaka amagesi ezivuthayo ingasetshenziswa njengendlela uphethiloli resin - njengoba feedstock zamakhemikhali.
• Low-lokushisa-plasma. Le nqubo kuyasiza uma ufisa udoti enobuthi.

chemical imfucuza

Ukuze zihlanganisa eziyingozi chemical imfucuza ingozi ekilasini 1, uhlu okuhlanganisa magnesium sulfate, i-zinc compounds, zikasawoti. Ngokuvamile, lezi imfucumfucu ikhiqizwa ngenxa inqubo flotation of kokucetshiswa amaminerali ne ama. Uma lolu thuli singena emzimbeni, kungaba khona izinkinga bronchi kanye igazi emithanjeni yakhe.

I eziyingozi kakhulu kantsi sicuketse loku imfucuza, aqukethe mercury futhi compounds yayo, chloride mercuric, antimony potassium cyanide. Uma umuntu ngokuzumayo ubuthi lezi izinto, yonke isimiso sezinzwa, izinso kungase ongahlabeki umxhwele phetho - ukufa. Yingakho Ukusingathwa Ukulahlwa (4 ikilasi of ingozi kuhlanganise) - inqubo wemfanelo.

Kungani ngidinga i-passport?

Waste isiphi isigaba ingozi edingekayo ukuthuthukiswa passport, ogxile eziningi imibhalo. Uma lokhu ipasipoti akuyona, inkampani ibhekene esihle kakhulu, ngaphezu, imisebenzi yayo kungamiswa. Iqiniso ukuthi ukungabi khona le dokhumenti kubhekwa ukuhlukumeza ukuphepha kwemvelo imvelo. Ukudweba i-passport kuhilela izinto eziningi izigaba - kusukela yokusungula yomsebenzi wezomnotho kuya laboratories zocwaningo futhi ukubala olukhethekile ekilasini imfucuza ingozi.

okutholakele

Nokusebenzisa kabusho imikhiqizo esisebenzile imfucuza - inkinga ekhathaza ososayensi emhlabeni wonke angaphezu kwelilodwa isizukulwane. Ubunzima ezingenziwanga zasungula indlela esihlanganisiwe emikhiqizweni imboni lehlanganisa tinhlelo, ngaphezu kwalokho, hhayi wonke amazwe aqaphela ukuthi ezimbonini ingasetshenziswa futhi. Yiqiniso, zikhona entsha amadivaysi, izindlela zokusebenza nemishini ukuthi uvumele okungenani kancane ukuthuthukisa isimo kweMvelo yesimanje, kodwa ukungabi nemali yokunakekela ekwenziweni kwamaphrojekthi ezinjalo kwakha ingozi esintwini.