Ukukhubazeka Weld: ngezigaba kanye Amakhambi

Zokushisela - omunye wemizila ebaluleke kakhulu izinqubo zokukhiqiza. Ngalo, uxhumano wenziwe izingcezu ensimbi imiklamo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. Njengasendabeni yabase nezinye izinqubo zezimboni, ngezinye izikhathi kukhona umshado. libhekisela weld ukukhubazeka ngaphansi kwalo, ezingasetshenziswa kakhulu ukunciphisa izinga umkhiqizo osuphelile, uma ungakwenzi operation esibulalayo.

ngezigaba

By the way, ungashada kanjani lo mbhangqwana ezohlukaniswa? Zonke ukukhubazeka weld zihlukaniswe amaqembu ezinkulu ezintathu:

• Yangaphandle.
• Langaphakathi.
• Sizinikezele looping.

ukukhubazeka sangaphandle weld ngokuvamile esigabeni eziningi kakhulu. Kuhlanganisa: usayizi encane kakhulu, kanye displacement we umugqa ngokuhlanganyela, Izigaxana ezahlukene, "ukusikeka", igobolondo ukuncipha hhayi linamathele inqubo Welding asemigodini uqhekeke noma porosity. Nonuniform weld ububanzi futhi uyalandisa kule zilwane. Kukholakala ukuthi izici zangaphandle amalunga ashiselwe kukhona okungenani isigaba esiyingozi.

Ngakho, yangaphakathi zihlanganisa ikhule ezimbotsheni, inclusions eminingi ye slag akuyona kuphekwe ngokuphelele indawo, futhi ufa e ukushuba metal weld. Ngokuphathelene ngokusebenzisa ukukhubazeka, it fistulas, edlulisela lonke ukushuba we ingxenye imifantu, futhi baphelelwe amandla.

Ziyini izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu sesimweni Welding

• Cishe njalo zivela lapho uzama ukusebenzisa izinto ezishibhile kakhulu futhi ongaphakeme-grade.
• I Kungashiwo okufanayo ngokuba ikhwalithi embi imishini Welding. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvamisa nesenzakalo sesimweni ngokuvamile kwandisa ngemva abampofu ukulungisa amathuluzi ayesetshenziswa Ochwepheshe.
• Yiqiniso, lokhu kwenzeka kaningi impela ephula ubuchwepheshe.
• ukuthi wayenezinkinga ezinkulu nasezithweni omhlophe webhola weld akukhona okungavamile ukuba likhithike ochwepheshe ongenalwazi nge ziqu ongaphakeme.

Kulula ukuqonda ukuthi imikhiqizo iningi eliphezulu etholakala endabeni ukusetshenziswa imishini ngokuzenzakalela. Ungakhohlwa mayelana lula sokusebenza. Ngakho, elikhulu zibe maholoholo umphetho futhi kuphula umthetho we ububanzi ngokuvamile kakhulu ezitholakala ezimweni lapho UWelder (ngisho abanolwazi) usebenza isikhundla ungakhululekile.

Empeleni, hhayi ngephutha ku izimfuneko ukuqaliswa Welding zikhona izinto kusezingeni anikeza ephelele ukuhlomisa emsebenzini, ukuhlinzeka izinga layo Ergonomics.

eaibalulekile

Ngisho welders imfundamakhwela eyaziwayo ukuthi ukukhulisa amandla umphetho kumele abe inzuzo encane oda 1-2 mm. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lo welders efanayo kaningi bayavuma ukuphaphalaza lapho wenza inzuzo 3-4 mm. Empeleni, ezimweni elula, lutho olungalungile kulokho, kodwa hhayi lapho kuziwa emikhiqizweni, zihlale isimo othakazelisayo umthwalo. Konke lokhu kuholela ukucindezeleka okuhlushwa waba ukwanda okukhulu kwezincwadi amathuba zokugwema ukuphuka.

Undercut

Njengoba sishilo kakade, yokulimala welds nokuxhumana iyingozi kakhulu. Akunzima ukubona ngeso lengqondo ukuthi kwakuzokwenzekani uma bedla kuso kuzoba imininingwane, okuhlose ukukhwezwa, isibonelo, isakhiwo ukusekela kwebhuloho ujantshi. Ziyakwazi kuyingozi ikakhulukazi endabeni Welding izingxenye kusukela insimbi engagqwali, ukuba eziqhutshwa ngaphansi kwezimo njalo lokushisa izinguquko.

I esiyingozi kakhulu kukhona Undercut, njengoba benjalo yemvelo "ibhethri" voltage okuzokwenziwa bagxila umpofu indawo weld. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bona kakhulu ukunciphisa kwesigaba yayo yokusebenza kanye nomthelela omubi kakhulu ekuqineni uxhumano.

Ngokuvamile, lezi ukukhubazeka zangaphandle welds ezimweni eziningi kungukuthi ukulungiswa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-metal (ngokuvamile) kuyoba basengaba nomshado ephansi, okungaholela nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.

Njengoba kukhona liyehlisa?

Isizathu esiyinhloko bembonisa wamanje kakhulu. Lihambisana arc eside, lokhu isici inikeza cishe sasiyikhulu namashumi amaphesenti Amathuba nesenzakalo yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izimo, liyehlisa kuzokwenzeka uma lishesha kakhulu ukufuduka Ukushisa umthombo ngaphezu kwamanzi metal.

Uma umklamo noma ezibaluleke kancane, ngisho ukukhubazeka encane kunazo welds futhi compounds yalolu hlobo azamukeleki ngokuphelele. Ilungisa kulona usebenzisa mncane Lihle Welding umphetho. Uma kukhona esinjalo kungenzeka imininingwane kungcono esikhundleni ngokuphelele (uqaphele ukuthi bona basivumela zokugcina isebenza kubo bonke ukukhubazeka).

metal eziningi ehlaza

Uma isiteshi enjalo itholakala khona ukushuba umthungo, kuyingozi enkulu. Okokuqala, thola isici esinjalo singamelana kuphela ukusebenzisa iphutha. Okwesibili, babuye ukuqongelela ekucindezelekeni yemvelo metal. Ngokuhlanganyela kwephulwe isakhiwo eziphothene, konke lokhu kuholela ingozi imininingwane ukwehluleka kwesikhathi. Ikakhulukazi ngokuvamile ezifana ukukhubazeka yangaphakathi e welds ziphakame uma usebenzisa steel elixutshiwe futhi ngimpofu imishini Welding.

Porosity (kungakhathaliseki indawo yayo) ngokucijile kunciphisa amandla izakhiwo kumanani akwamukeleki, kuholela 'delamination "we metal, isb umonakalo yokulandelana kwayo ngokohlu zemvelo. Yekuchumana ngisho ne porosity ongaphakeme kukhona kaningana Cishe ukuphula ngaphansi komthwalo ngisho ekuqaleni ukusebenza. Ukuba ezimbotsheni iphutha amagesi nje awunaso isikhathi ukuba bahoxe ekungeneleni oncibilikisiwe ungqimba metal.

Njengazo zonke izinhlobo ukukhubazeka weld, avame kakhulu kuphakama esimweni yekhwalithi ephansi electrode eluhlaza. Kaningi kuyenzeka ukuthi kuvela porosity ngenxa ezinye ukungcola ukuzivikela amagesi. Njengasendabeni yabase langaphambilini, lolu hlobo lwesici kungaphinde kwenzeke ngesikhathi eziphakeme ngokwedlulele kuye ngesivinini Welding lapho Corny i- ubuqotho esivikelo igesi "okugeza".

slag inclusions

Slag inclusions konakalisa kakhulu ukufana isakhiwo sensimbi. Imbangela zakudala kumiswa - nolwazi ilungiswe ebusweni ngokuhlanganyela kusukela nokugqwala nesikali izinsalela. Amathuba nesenzakalo yabo ivame ukugxila ne ungqimba mbandela Welding yamagesi zokuzivikela. Ithuba ezingavamile round ukuma limelela akunangozi, imikhiqizo kuzo zonke izindawo ongase uye OTC.

Qaphela ukuthi uma isetshenziswa Welding le electrode tungsten kungenzeka imininingwane wathola ukuthi izinhlayiya metal. degree kwabo ingozi - njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni odlule (ie, kuba ukukhubazeka kwamukelekile welds ..).

imifantu

Kube transverse kanye longitudinal kuyoshaya kokubili umphetho nensimbi kanye noma eduze naso. Iyingozi kakhulu ngoba kwezinye izimo, ukunciphisa amandla mechanical umkhiqizo kanye vibration ukuze cishe zero. Kuye izakhiwo kwento okufanele ashiselwe, ufa kungaba kokubili ukugcina indawo yayo yasekuqaleni futhi lasakazekela ubude yonke workpiece ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu.

Akumangalisi lokhu izici eziyingozi kakhulu welds. Standard ezimweni eziningi zidinga kwenqatshwa ngokushesha izingxenye ezinjalo, kungakhathaliseki ukusetshenziswa wawo ahlose ukuba usetshenziswe (ngaphandle izinto ngokuphelele shu).

Non-ukufana ezinkulu

Ngakho-ke ngokuthi iphutha okwedlulele nemingcele yejeyomethri abaxhumene angadingeki iziqondiso izici. Kalula nje, uma Welding kuyinto "inyoka", obliquely nokunye. N., nje kuziwa uhlobo olufanayo lwesici.

Ngokuvamile zivela umsebenzi welders ongenalwazi, kanye yokwanda kwama abalulekile, imishini enesici ekubalekeni banal. Dangerous le nkinga ukuthi ngokuvamile kuhlanganiswe ehlaza, okuyinto vele kuyingozi ngisho nakakhulu. Uma ukuphambuka kusukela umugqa Axial we kwakwakhe kuyinto azilutho futhi akakubangeli ukuncipha kwamandla komkhiqizo, uphiko kungavunyelwa isebenze.

Kulokhu, hlale ukhumbula into eyodwa elula: ezincane engela aphuma base ungqimba sensimbi fusing, yokubi amandla mechanical umkhiqizo ashiselwe. Yiqiniso, ekwenzeni ezinye izakhiwo yasendlini (abamba ukushisa Uhlaka, isibonelo) ezimweni undervoltage ukwenza ngaphandle ezivuzayo engalingani umane uyiphupho. Nokho, kulesi simo, abazi singamelela noma imuphi ingozi ethile.

izixazululo Basic, nokulungiswa kwamaphutha

Vele uthi lokhu okulandelayo: ezimweni eziningi, inqubo ukuqedwa zamehlo welds ingxoxo akwenzi mqondo, njengokungathi OTC ucishe esiqinile yonke imikhiqizo nge ezinye amaphutha nje umshado. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kusuke kunjalo ngempela ukuthi isici singesabo ayibi mibi kakhulu, kodwa ngoba luqedwe. Indlela ukukwenza?

Endabeni cut ebusweni spoilt ngensimbi isakhiwo (uketshezi olungenambala olusegazini-arc Welding), bahlanza ngokucophelela esikhundleni uxhumano kuhlulekile, bese uphinde uzame. Uma kukhona ezincane ukukhubazeka zangaphandle welds (compounds engalingani emgodini angajulile), bangakwazi nje sanded. Yiqiniso, lokho akusho bazibandakanye futhi uthathe ungqimba metal kakhulu.

Isaziso esibalulekile

Uma kuziwa imikhiqizo insimbi engagqwali, okuyinto angaphansi oyisibopho ukwelashwa ukushisa, ukulungiswa izici ku welds kumele kwenziwe kuphela (!) Ngemva iholide ku uhla lokushisa kusuka 450 kuya 650 ° C.

Ukulungiswa kwezinye izinhlobo

Indlela elula ukulungisa nokuwohloka futhi engalingani ngokuhlanganyela lokukhanda. Kulokhu, lapho kuhlangana kuzihlanza (njengoba sekushiwo). sishilo ngenhla mayelana kwamaphutha liyehlisa, kodwa waphinda siphawula - ne ukukhubazeka okunjalo ngokuningiliziwe kufaneleka kakhudlwana ngokushesha sinqunywe ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwalo kungaba yingozi!

Uma une ezishile-ngokusebenzisa (okuyinto eyenzeka kancane njalo), nokuqedwa ukukhubazeka weld ukuchitha esicacile: kuqala, njengoba surface ukulungiswa, bese ubilise futhi. Cishe wenze asemigodini.

izimo Basic 'ukuhlobisa'

Ngezinye nokuqedwa ukukhubazeka kufanele athobele izimo ezithile zobuchwepheshe. Okokuqala, kudingeka ulandele imithetho elula: engaphelele kwesigaba obuphelele kufanele luhambisane ububanzi, plus 10-20 mm kufanele ashiye "uma kwenzeka nje".

Okubalulekile! Ububanzi umphetho Welding emva kabusha provarkoy kumele singeqi kabili ngobukhulu bayo ngaphambi kokuba uqale umsebenzi. Ungabi lazy ukulungisa amaphutha kanye ebusweni lelungiselelwe. Okokuqala, it kuvimbela slag angangeni izingcezu metal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu isilinganiso engenacala kuzosiza ekusheshiseni umsebenzi futhi ukwandisa ikhwalithi yemiphumela yayo.

Kubalulekile kakhulu ukulungiselela isampula kabusha ishumeka ngesakhiwo. Uma usebenzisa LBM ( "Bulgarian"), kungcono ukuthatha drive we ubukhulu kulencane. Ubuso ohlangothini isampula okudingeka ukwenze ngangokunokwenzeka bushelelezi, mahhala burrs noma ezinye izingxenye ophumile phakathi kwenqubo Welding ungavula ku zonke slag efanayo.

Uma kuziwa aluminium compounds, titanium, futhi Alloys lezi zinsimbi, le ndaba ukuze asondele kakhudlwana efanele. Okokuqala, maqondana yokulimala Kulokhu ingasetshenziswa kuphela (!) Izindlela Mechanical, ukusetshenziswa Welding arc akuvunyelwe. Iningi okungcono agawule kwesigaba ezilimele, bahlanza futhi kabusha phisa umphetho.

A inothi nokulungiswa kwamaphutha

Izindawo ukulungiswa - kabusha ukwenziwa compounds kumelwe futhi ibhekane inqubo OTC. Uma isici esisodwa noma esinye isilinganiso esithile sokuphepha, kungenzeka ukuzama ukulungisa futhi. Okubalulekile! Inani ukulungiswa incike steel grade nezici umkhiqizo, kodwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile awukwazi yenza umsebenzi izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka ezimbili noma ezintathu, uma kungenjalo kukhona ukwehla elibukhali amandla izakhiwo imininingwane.

Ngakho saxoxa izinhlobo eziyisisekelo ukukhubazeka weld.