Ukudluliselwa cross-border kwedatha yomuntu siqu - Iyini?

With ukuthuthukiswa kwembulunga yonke futhi Internet nsuku zonke kuba imikhawulo ngaphansi indawo ngoba ekuhwebeni. Naphezu kwesimo kunalokho kuyinkimbinkimbi ngamazwe, inani amabhizinisi yasekhaya, ubambisana abalingani angaphandle, njalo ziyanda. Ukungabikho imikhawulo indawo kudinga ukwethulwa imithetho iyunifomu for nokuxhumana bonke abahlanganyeli ubudlelwane. Ikakhulukazi, kumayelana inqubo ngokwabelana ngemininingwane eqondene. Esesizokuhlola indlela yokwenza ukudluliselwa cross-border kwedatha yomuntu siqu.

2016

Okwamanje, umthetho sintula imithetho ecacile ukuze exchange of ulwazi nozakwabo bakwamanye amazwe. Njengoba isiqondiso sokuqala kwezokuxhumana wenziwa inombolo FZ 152. Lo mthetho ulawula ukuqaliswa ukudluliselwa cross-border kwedatha yomuntu siqu. Kuyini lokhu? Ngaphansi lo msebenzi ulwazi lomuntu siqu ensimini wamanye amazwe, isitho angaphandle kahle kwemandla embuso, izinhlangano noma obungokomthetho. Ngo-2014, it wamukelwa inombolo uMthetho Federal 242. Simi Yena bekumele sesingasebenza 01.sent. 2016 Lolu ucezu umthetho kwenza izinguquko ezithile ukuze umthetho mayelana sebhithi lwemithetho ngokucubungula ulwazi lomuntu siqu ulwazi nokuxhumana amanethiwekhi. Nokho, Duma State kukhipha umthetho № 596277-6 into ukulungiswa. 4 zoMthetho Federal № 242. Simi Ngokuhambisana lezi zinguquko, inkathi engena amandla lihlehliselwe uJanuwari 2015 kulesi sikhathi samanje, Ngakho-ke, inani uMthetho Federal 242 isivele amandla isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka.

imikhawulo

I FZ № 152 kuhlanganisa enqabela, olungena ngaphansi ukudluliselwa cross-border kwedatha yomuntu siqu. Le nemikhawuko ezihlobene ukuvikelwa kohlelo lomthethosisekelo WaseRussia, impilo, isimilo, amalungelo kanye nezithakazelo sabantu, ukugcinwa ukulondeka kwezwe nokuthi ukuzivikela. Esikhathini FZ № 152 Awunawo ezinye izimiso. Ikakhulukazi, azikho izimo emazweni ngokuvikeleka okwanele imininingwane eqondene angase kungagcini ukudluliselwa cross-border kwedatha yomuntu siqu ngaphansi kwazo. Lawa uthi lapho ukwenza njenge amaqembu EMhlanganweni inombolo ETS 108, kanye wenza ohlwini evunywe inombolo Roskomnadzor Order 274.

okuhlukile

I-Federal Law № 152 amacala ezikhonjwe lapho State, okuyinto, naphezu ukwehluleka ngokuvikeleka okwanele kwedatha yomuntu siqu, kungaba kwenziwe ukudluliswa cross-border kwedatha yomuntu siqu. Lona isimo:

1. Ehlinzekelwe umthetho kahulumeni, uma nokuhlinzekwa kolwazi edingekayo ukuze kuvikeleke nezimiso zomthetho-sisekelo, ukuphepha kanye ukuzivikela ikhono yezwe, ukusebenza okusimeme ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha, ukuvikelwa izithakazelo umphakathi, ngamunye kanye isimo kusukela ukuphazamiseka emthethweni.
2. Lapho ababulawa inkontileka, yangaphandle khulumela Imininingwane abezindaba enikeziwe.
3. Lapho kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa impilo, kanye nezinye izintshisekelo abalulekile kwedatha yomuntu siqu, kanye nabanye abantu lapho akunakwenzeka ukuthi athole imvume ebhalwe phansi kuqala.
4. Wondla kwezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe.
5. Lapho imvume yokudlulisa cross-border kwedatha yomuntu siqu kusuka isihloko IPA.

esibalulekile

Nge imvume evela isihloko IPA, ngokuhambisana uMthetho Federal №152, bavunyelwe ukudluliselwa cross-border kwedatha yomuntu siqu. Le mvume idinga ukuba umuntu aziswe ukuthi ulwazi oluphathelene naye uqobo, azonikezwa kumuntu counterparty angaphandle. Isidingo ukuthola leli phepha ukuze bangabhekani lapho ukuthumela ulwazi emazweni ngokuvikeleka okwanele ayisethelwe oqotsheni normative. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuthi isihloko azisiwe ngu-opharetha zika kusolwa.

inqubomgomo Public

Ukuze ugweme izinkinga, opharetha icacisa:

1. Yini eyenza ukudluliselwa cross-border.
2. Iyini ivolumu ulwazi olunikeziwe.
3. Abantu abathola ulwazi.

I-opharetha uyakuyikhazimulisa azise Roskomnadzor ukuthi ukudluliswa cross-border kwedatha yomuntu siqu ukuba kukhiqizwa. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokugcwalisa / kokwenza izinguquko esazisweni. Isaziso kufanele cacisa amazwe ethola ulwazi. Ngaphambi kokuqala ngokucubungula lwazi Mon aziswe ukusebenza esondelayo emkhathizwe. Lesi sikhundla kubonakala kwinqubomgomo, inkontileka noma omunye umbhalo ngawo umuntu kungatholakala.

iziqondiso Yangaphakathi

I-opharetha endawo imibhalo ibonisa:

1. Kube nesisekelo esingokomthetho sokuthethelela ukunikezwa ulwazi lomuntu siqu izinhlangano angaphandle. Ikakhulukazi, uhlu iziqondiso ngesisekelo okuyinto lokucutshungulwa ukuthunyelwa kolwazi.
2. Regulation ku ukudluliswa cross-border kwedatha yomuntu siqu.
3. Incazelo izinyathelo futhi imishini zokuzivikela, kubandakanya lobuchwepheshe kanye cryptographic.

sivumelwano

I-opharetha engena isivumelwano inhlangano ukudluliselwa cross-border kwedatha yomuntu siqu ogama lekufanele akhicitwe, lokho kusho duty ukwamukelwa isibambi of ubumfihlo bokwaziswa, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo yokuvikela idatha, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabo. Isivumelwano futhi acacisa uhlu izenzo ezenziwa amaqembu.

Ukusetshenziswa imishini zokuzivikela

Kungumsebenzi we-opharetha iwukuba nokuqalisa eziningi izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuba ezifana nokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kuya ulwazi lomuntu siqu ngokuhamba umsebenzi ngolwazi. Uma lokhu ovunyelwe ukusebenzisa non-eqinisekisiwe cryptographic ejenti zokuzivikela ngenxa:

1. Izimfuneko ETS yenomboro Convention 108, sihloko 12.2 okuyinto ayikuvumeli ukudala imikhawulo ukwethula ukulawula ekhethekile yolwazi ageleza kuyo leyo nsimu wamanye amazwe ngesisekelo isimiso ukuvikelwa bangasephula izindaba zangasese.
2. Ukuba khona izimo ezikhethekile kusho ukuthekelisa kusuka endaweni Russia, kuhlanganise e ubulungu ukubethela yayo amathuluzi.
3. Imininingwane yalolu umthetho ka izwe lapho ihadiwe cryptographic amazwe, ikakhulukazi labo kwezimvume eyatholakala kusukela iziphathimandla angaphandle efanele kuleli.

UMthetho Federal № 242

Njengoba kuboniswe ngaphambili, ngo-2014 i-mthetho, okwenza izinguquko inani nemithetho ephathelene sokunqophisa imithetho ukuze kusebenziswe kwedatha yomuntu siqu ulwazi kanye nezokuxhumana amanethiwekhi. FZ№ 242 sigcwalisa zoMthetho Federal № 152 imfuneko ukuthi inqubo iqoqo idatha, kuhlanganise ngokusebenzisa i-Inthanethi, i-opharetha kumele aqinisekise systematization, ukuqopha, isitoreji, yokucwenga, isitoreji kanye ukubuyisa of usebenzisa lezisekelo esisogwini insimu yase Russia. Le mfuneko azikwazi ukuhlangabezwa ukuthi ukucutshungulwa kwedatha yomuntu siqu wenziwa ngoba:

1. Ukuzuza izinjongo ezibekwe esivumelwaneni ngamazwe noma ngumthetho, ukusebenzisa opharetha ewunikwe kwamandla, kwezibopho kanye nemisebenzi.
2. Kwebulungisa, ukuqaliswa isinqumo sokwahlulela, nesenzo uhlaka noma umsebenzi, ukuze abulawe ngendlela ebekiwe kwimithetho umthetho waseRussia.
3. Ekusebenziseni amandla yi-federal, yesifunda nomasipala esiphezulu izikhungo kwamandla izakhiwo kufakwe off-isabelomali ngezimali zikahulumeni, izinhlangano ehilelekile ukuhlinzekwa kwemisebenzi emazingeni isimo nemithetho yendawo.
4. Yenza imisebenzi ka intatheli okhokhelwayo noma umsebenzi media (esisemthethweni), i-yokufunda, yesayensi kanye nezinye umsebenzi wokudala. Kulesi simo kufanele waneliswe inadmissibility lokuhlukunyezwa yabanye.

Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, ukudluliswa manje cross-border kolwazi buyindlela ephumelelayo futhi ezanele nokuxhumana. Lapho zisetshenziswa kahle, opharetha kunganciphisa izindleko ukucutshungulwa kolwazi ngaphakathi Russia.