Lethusi wehhashi: incazelo lesikhumbuzo ukuze uPeter Omkhulu

Umuzi ku uMfula iNeva empeleni kuyinto evulekile Museum. Monuments of bokwakha, umlando kanye art kukhona kanzulu maphakathi ingxenye futhi lingama inhlanganisela. Indawo ekhethekile kuzo isikhumbuzo anikezelwe uPeter Omkhulu - I-Bronze wehhashi. Incazelo lesikhumbuzo kwanele ukunikeza noma yimuphi Umhlahlandlela, le ndaba abanesifiso konke kusukela ekudalweni indaba emfushane ukuze inqubo yokufaka. izinganekwane eziningi nama-legends ephathelene nayo. Eyokuqala lezi zinyathelo ezihlobana ngayo umsuka igama ebaziwe. Yanikwa ngemva kweminyaka eminingi kwabhalwa ukwakhiwa lesikhumbuzo, kodwa ayikashintshi eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili khona.

igama

... ukuba alonde edwaleni;

Idol ne ngesandla eseluliweyo

Ohlezi ehhashini ngethusi. ...

Lezi imigqa bayazazi wonke umuntu Russian, umbhali zabo, A. S. Pushkin, echaza umsebenzi ofanayo lesikhumbuzo kuPetru 1, ambiza ngokuthi Bronze wehhashi. Imbongi omkhulu Russian, owazalwa eminyakeni 17 ngemva kokumiswa lesikhumbuzo, ngicabange ukuthi inkondlo yakhe uzokunika igama elisha ebaziwe. Encwadini yakhe ethi, unikeza incazelo elandelayo lesikhumbuzo lethusi wehhashi (noma kunalokho Petru 1, ogama isithombe ukuboniswa kuwo):

... Yini umcabango oku brow yakhe!

Yeka ukuthi lingakanani ithonya kufihliwe kuwo! ..

... On lord enamandla ukudalelwa! ..

Peter livela nje indoda, hhayi inkosi enkulu, cishe demigod. Lezi epithets ephefumulelwe Pushkin lesikhumbuzo, isikali yayo njengoba kusho enye incwadi. Umgibeli akuyona yethusi ngokwayo yakhiwe yesithombe esiveza zethusi isinyathelo esetshenziswa njengenye-ucezu egwadle block. Kodwa isithombe kaPetru, adalwe Pushkin enkondlweni, ngakho amandla uhambisane phakathi kwengoma, okuyinto ukuba banake trifles ezinjalo ngeke kukusize ngalutho kuso. Kuze kube namuhla, incazelo lesikhumbuzo lethusi wehhashi Petersburg atehlukaniseki nge umsebenzi zabuna omkhulu Russian.

indaba

UCatherine II, abafisa dwebela ukuzinikela kwayo imizamo kabusha kaPetru, wanquma ukumisa isikhumbuzo kuye emzini, ogama umsunguli, ayengumkhwenyana wakhe. Omunye izihloko adalwe Francesco Rastrelli, kodwa lesikhumbuzo hhayi lithole imvume iNdlovukazi, futhi isikhathi eside igcinwe izinqolobane Petersburg. Kunconywe ngu umqophi wakhe Etienne Moris Falkone wasebenza phezu kwetshe lesikhumbuzo engu-12. ephikisana Catherine ngenxa yokuthi washiya Russia, nimbone indalo yakhe ifomu igcwaliswe. Njengoba usuyitadishile umuntu uPetru imithombo ekhona ngaleso sikhathi, azidalile bese lwenteke umfanekiso waso ngeke abe ngumholi elikhulu lempi futhi inkosi, futhi njengoba umakhi Russia, wayivula kanjani indlela eya olwandle, bebambisana wakhe nge-Europe. Falcone wabhekana neqiniso lokuthi Catherine futhi zonke izikhulu eziphezulu kakade kwadingeka isithombe ngomumo-ezenziwe lesikhumbuzo, kwaba kuphela ukuze udale ifomu kulindeleke. Uma lokho kungase kwenzeke, khona-ke incazelo lesikhumbuzo lethusi wehhashi Petersburg lwaluzokwehluka ngempela. Mhlawumbe-ke, wacela elinye igama. Umsebenzi wawuhamba kancane Falcone, kwaba nomthelela kule nkinga ngokuxabana bureaucratic, ukucasuka we Empress nobunkimbinkimbi isithombe wadala.

ukufakwa

Eningini uPetru asakazwe izibalo ngehhashi azisuswanga ngisho neyaziwayo ochwepheshe emkhakheni wabo, ngakho Falcone bakhangwa Yemelyan Haylova, okuyinto waphonsa inganono. Usayizi lesikhumbuzo kwakungeyona inkinga eyinhloko, kubalulekile kakhulu ukuba sihlale sinombono isisindo. Nge ezintathu kuphela amaphuzu ukwesekwa, ebaziwe kwadingeka ukuba iqhubeke iphila. isinqumo Original kwaba ukwethulwa lesikhumbuzo inyoka, oluwuphawu yobubi wanqoba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo inikeza usekelo olungeziwe iqembu sculptural. Kungashiwo ukuthi lesikhumbuzo yadalwa ngekubambisana ne umfundi wakhe umqophi uMarie-Anna Kollo (ikhanda kaPetru, ubuso) kanye master Russian Fedorom Gordeevym (inyoka).

Thunder-itshe

Ayikho incazelo lesikhumbuzo lethusi wehhashi kuqedile ngaphandle kukhulunywa kwesisekelo salo (isinyathelo). A elikhulu egwadle imbokodo lwaqhekeka nombani, yingakho bendawo akuniké igama lakhe Thunder-zamatshe, kamuva ngasinda. Ngokuya ngalolu hlelo Falcone ebaziwe kumele ame phansi, simulating amagagasi ukuvuvukala. Itshe zilethwe iSigele Square bemhlaba nemanti, ngesikhathi esifanayo umsebenzi isikhathi ku scabbling egwadle block akazange ayeke. Ukuze okungavamile ethutha sihlanganisa lonke izwe laseRussia naseYurophu, ngemva kokuqedwa kwalo Ekaterina beyalwa ukuba Mint indondo. Ngo-September 1770 isisekelo gwadle efakwe iSigele Square. Indawo lesikhumbuzo indawo futhi impikiswano. UMbusikazi waphikelela ngokuthi ukufakwa lesikhumbuzo maphakathi isikwele, kodwa Falcone ubeke eduze yona iNeva, ubuso emfuleni namehlo uPetru wehlelwe yini. Nakuba ngale ndaba kuze kube manje kwenziwe impikiswano enkulu: lapho bebambe Bronze wehhashi? Incazelo lesikhumbuzo iqukethe abacwaningi ahlukahlukene ongakhetha impendulo enhle kakhulu. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi i-King ubheka Sweden, eyayise-impi. Abanye basikisela ukuthi amehlo akhe abaphendukela kolwandle, ukufinyelela kuwo kwakudingekile ukuba izwe. Kukhona umbono, kumila okuyinto kuwumbono wokuthi uJehova Kushalazela umuzi owakhiwa ngayo.

Bronze owehhashi isikhumbuzo

Incazelo emfushane lesikhumbuzo zingatholakala kunoma iyiphi incwadi emasayithini zomlando namasiko Petersburg. 1 Petru lihlala phezu ihhashi yokukhulisa izingane, edlulisela ingalo ngenhla wamanje eduze iNeva. Ikhanda lakhe laselilethwa ehlotshiswe umqhele umfire nasemilenzeni ihhashi wanyathelwa inyoka, yokwenza samuntu okubi (ngomqondo ebanzi izwi). On eliqoshwe umbhalo othi "uCatherine II, uPetru mina" isizinda egwadle ngomyalo uCatherine II senziwa kanye nosuku - 1782. La mazwi esuka kolunye uhlangothi lesikhumbuzo zibhaliwe Latin, ngakolunye - ngesiRashiya. Isisindo lesikhumbuzo - angaba ngu 8-9, ukuphakama - 5 m, ngaphandle base. Lesi sithombe esiyisikhumbuzo isibe litshwayo umuzi iNeva. Wonke umuntu eza ngaso ukuzohlola wayegaqele kumele uvakashele iSigele Square, futhi ngamunye yakha umbono wabo siqu futhi, ngokulandelana, incazelo lesikhumbuzo lethusi wehhashi Petru 1.

kufanekisa

I amandla nobukhulu lesikhumbuzo akabashiyi abantu ngabandayo amabili eminyaka. I zabuna olukhulu A. S. Pushkina, wenza kwahlala njalo yokuthi imbongi idale omunye imisebenzi yakhe ezibaluleke kakhulu - ". I-Bronze wehhashi" Incazelo lesikhumbuzo enkondlweni njengenhlangano uhlamvu ezimele ayimkhangi yomfundi ngu ukukhanya nomfanekiso waso ubuqotho. Lo msebenzi kwahlanganiswa eziningi uhlamvu isiRashiya, njengoba enza lesikhumbuzo. "I-Bronze owehhashi incazelo lesikhumbuzo" - indaba ngalesi sihloko ukubhala abafundi basesikoleni esiphakeme ezweni lonke. Indima inkondlo Pushkin sika, embonweni wakhe ebaziwe avele indzaba ngayinye. Kusukela kuvulwa lesikhumbuzo ukuze samanje nosuku umphakathi, kukhona imibono exubile ukubunjwa iyonke. Abalobi abaningi Russian wasebenzisa Falcone wadala isithombe emsebenzini wakhe. Ngalinye atholakala ke lokhu kufanekisa, okuyinto ngokuhunyushwa ngokuhambisana imibono yakhe, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi uPetru mina limelela ukunyakaza Russia phambili, akungabazeki kukhona. Lokhu kuqinisekisa Bronze wehhashi. Incazelo lesikhumbuzo isibe kwabaningi ngendlela eveza imicabango yakhe siqu mayelana nokuthi kwenzekani ezweni.

lesikhumbuzo

Edwaleni phambi okuyinto ekujuleni, ngokushesha iqalisa uhamba nge esinamandla. Umgibeli ukudansela isiginci sakhe phezu izinso, oqeda isilwane ngemilenze yayo yangemuva, nge niwubone umzimba wakhe wonke limelela ithemba nokuthula kwengqondo. Ngokusho Falcone, ngaleyo ndlela nguPetru mina - hero, neqhawe, kodwa futhi Converter. Hand sikhomba ibanga, okuzoba kwamthobela. Impi yokulwa amandla emvelo, yini abantu okucabangela imiphumela yesikhathi eside kakhulu, ubandlululo ngoba kuye ngenjongo yokuphila. Lapho edala ebaziwe Catherine wayefuna ukubona uPetru njengoba umbusi omkhulu, t. E. kungenzeka Isampula kwaba eziqoshiwe wamaRoma. Inkosi oyakuhlala ihhashi, ephethe intonga zikhipha, ngolayini we hero wasendulo enamathiselwe esebenzisa izingubo. Falcone wayiphikisa kakhulu, wathi lo mbusi Russian abakwazi ukugqoka ijazi, efana Yuliy Tsezar elingenamikhono. Peter livela ihembe eside Russian, okuyinto Kuvalwa wendiza e isembatho umoya - yilokho i-Bronze wehhashi. Incazelo lesikhumbuzo akukwazi ngaphandle ezinye izinhlamvu kufakwe Ukwakheka eziyisisekelo Falcone. Ngokwesibonelo, uPetru akusho uhlale sehhashi, njengoba enjalo, uba isikhumba nebhere. Inani layo sitolikwa uphila isizwe, abantu, ohola inkosi. Inyoka ngaphansi izinselo wehhashi lifanekisela okukhohlisa, inzondo, ukuntula ulwazi, wanqoba uPetru.

ikhanda

Izici inkosi nazo kancane ephelele yengxoxo, kodwa hhayi elahlekile portrait. Umsebenzi phezu kwekhanda uPetru sidonsa, imiphumela njalo wehluleka ukuhlangabezana iNdlovukazi. Ukufa imaski kaPetru, ezithathwe Rastrelli, Falcone esesizile umfundi ukugcwalisa kobuso benkosi. Umsebenzi wakhe uye kuyancomeka ngu uCatherine II, uMarie-Anne Collot wanikwa annuity ukuphila. Lonke sibalo, poise, isenzo esibonisa enobudlova, umlilo kwangaphakathi, uzwakalise emehlweni akhe, bonisa uhlamvu kaPetru I.

Indawo

Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa ukuze Falcone isizinda lapho emuva ngeNkathi Yethusi wehhashi. Incazelo lesikhumbuzo, umsebenzi kulesi sihloko idonse abantu abaningi abanamakhono. Rock, egwadle block limelela nobunzima Onqobayo uPetru waqhubeka nendlela yakhe. Uma he finyelela phezulu, bakhe isenzo siba ukuzithoba ezibalulekile, kwakuwukuthi ukuze intando yakhe zonke izimo. Granite block, yakhelwe njengomnikelo wokuzuliswa kuwukukhuphuka, futhi likhomba ekunqotshweni izikhala zasolwandle. abalulekile kakhulu iyona indawo yonke lesikhumbuzo. Peter mina, umsunguli Petersburg, naphezu kwakho konke nobunzima, ukwakha ngokushesha amyisa ethekwini laseKhesariya ngoba amandla ayo. Yingakho lesi sibalo ibekwe eduze komfula, agingqa nobuso bakhe. Peter mina (Bronze wehhashi) njengoba ngokuqhubeka ngigqolozele kude, ukuhlola izinsongo esimweni nokuhlelela izinto ezintsha enkulu. Ukuze uveze umbono wakho siqu mayelana lolu phawu bomuzi uMfula iNeva futhi sihlanganisa lonke izwe laseRussia, kubalulekile ukuvakashela ke, ukuba nomuzwa onamandla amandla endaweni kubonakala umlingisi umqophi. Izibuyekezo zezivakashi eziningi, kuhlanganise angaphandle, ziyancipha komunye ukucabanga imizuzu embalwa, walahlekelwa amandla yokukhuluma. Yashaya kulokhu akuyona nje lesikhumbuzo, kodwa futhi nokuqaphela nekubaluleka kwalo umlando Russia.