Uhlelo Ifayela - kuyini? Uhlelo ifayela NTFS, FAT, RAW, UDF

Uhlelo lokusebenza, ngaphezu kwawo wonke amanye imisebenzi, afeze injongo yayo eyinhloko - ukuhlela umsebenzi isakhiwo ethile idatha. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo, isistimu yamafayela isetshenziswa. Kuyini uhlelo ifayela futhi lokho kungaba, kanye neminye imininingwane ngakho zizonikezwa kamuva.

incazelo jikelele

Uhlelo ifayela iyingxenye yesistimu yokusebenza, okuyinto unomthwalo yokuhlala, isitoreji kanye nokususwa ulwazi kwabezindaba, ukunikeza abasebenzisi kanye izicelo lolu lwazi, kanye ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwalo ephephile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyasiza kakhulu e ukubuyisa idatha uma hardware noma ukwehluleka isofthiwe. Ngakho-ke akuyona uhlelo ifayela ebalulekile. Kuyini uhlelo ifayela futhi lokho kungaba? Kunezinhlobo eziningana:

- I-angaphandle kanzima, amadivayisi ie ngokufinyelela okungahleliwe;

- I-amateyipu, okungukuthi kudivayisi serial;

- I-optical abathwali idatha;

- izinhlelo virtual;

- Network sistemy.5

Ngenxa okunengqondo isitoreji iyunithi ohlelweni ifayela yifayela, kuba iqoqo ngaphambilini idatha kokuba igama elithile. Yonke idatha esetshenziswa yesistimu yokusebenza, ethulwa ngesimo amafayela: izinhlelo, izithombe, imibhalo, umculo, amavidiyo, kanye abashayeli, imitapo, nokunye. element ngayinye okunjalo igama, uhlobo, isandiso, izimfanelo, futhi ubukhulu. Ngakho, manje wazi ukuthi ifayela. Uhlelo ifayela iqoqo izici eziningana ezinjengolwazi, nezindlela ukusebenza nabo. Kuye kwindlela isetshenziswa nokuthi iziphi izimiso ukusisebenzisa, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo eziningana eziyisisekelo yamafayela wesitoreji.

indlela izinhlelo

Ngakho, uma sicabanga isistimu yefayela (okungukuthi nokuthi ukusebenza ke), kuyadingeka uqaphele ukuthi lesi isimo multi-level ezingeni eliphezulu kukhona uhlelo ifayela switch, esihlinzeka interface phakathi ohlelweni bese isicelo esithile. Ishintsha imibuzo samafayela ngefomethi elibonwayo ezingeni elilandelayo - Abashayeli. Nazo ngokufanayo, ubheke kudivayisi abashayeli ethize, okuyinto ukugcina ulwazi olufanele.

Ngo amaklayenti-server izicelo kusistimu yefayela izidingo yokusebenza ngempela eliphezulu. izinhlelo Modern zenzelwe ukunikeza ukufinyelela ngempumelelo, usekelo lemiqulu emikhulu yabezindaba yokuvikela idatha ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe, kulondolozwe ubuqotho ulwazi.

Uhlelo ifayela FAT

Lolu hlobo yasungulwa ngo-1977 ngu-Bill Gates ne-Marc McDonald. Ekuqaleni, lalisetshenziswa yesistimu yokusebenza 86-DOS. Uma sikhuluma ngalokho uhlelo ifayela FAT, kuyafaneleka ukuthi ekuqaleni kabanga namandla ukusekela hard drive, kanye wasebenza kuphela abezindaba nezimo engafinyelela kwengu-1 megabyte. Manje lo mngcele asihlobene, kodwa lokhu yamafayela wesitoreji esetshenziswa "Microsoft"-Microsoft MS-DOS 1.0 noma kamuva. I-FAT esetshenziswa izivumelwano ezithile ngokuya amagama ifayela:

- ekuqaleni kwegama kumele kube incwadi noma idijithi, futhi kuwo angahanjelwa noma yimuphi uhlamvu ASCII, ngaphezu isikhala nezinto ezikhethekile;

- Igama kumele ingabi ngaphezu kuka 8, ngemva kwesikhathi, kanye ukwandiswa okwengeziwe kubonisa ukuthi siqukethe izinhlamvu ezintathu;

- amagama ifayela kungaba Kunoma yikuphi, awusebenzi kuzohluka futhi ingagciniwe.

Kusukela ekuqaleni FAT lwenzelwe yesistimu yokusebenza owodwa umsebenzisi DOS, alinikezanga isitoreji idatha esiqondiswa kumnikazi noma ukufinyelela izimvume. Okwamanje, uhlelo ifayela lenzelwa kakhulu kunazo, ngezindlela ezingafani, isekelwa yi kakhulu wokusebenza wamanje. yokusebenza kwalo ngezindlela eziningi kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuyisebenzisa imiqulu licubungulwa yi wokusebenza ezahlukene. Lena uhlelo ifayela elula, okuyinto azikwazanga ukuvimbela amafayela umonakalo ngenxa ukuvala shaqa engafanele ikhompyutha. Njengengxenye yesistimu yokusebenza egijima kule ngesisekelo, kukhona amathuluzi akhethekile ukuthi uhlole isakhiwo amafayela ulungise iphutha.

uhlelo ifayela NTFS

Lokhu yamafayela wesitoreji is kakhulu ayethanda ukusebenza uhlelo lokusebenza Windows NT, njengoba yayibizwa kanjalo elakhelwe ke. Ngo-OS kuhlanganisiwe ukuguqula Umbuso indawo Uphendula ivolumu kusuka FAT ukuba NTFS futhi HPFS amavolumu. Uma sikhuluma ngalokho lihlelo ifayela NTFS, kuyafaneleka ukuthi kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokulawula ukufinyelela lwemibhalo ezithile kanye namafayela, wafaka eziningi izimfanelo lwenteke ifayela kokucindezelwa amathuluzi ngamandla, wokubekezelela iphutha, ukusekela okufunwa POSIX ejwayelekile. Lolu hlelo ifayela Ungasebenzisa amagama ifayela eside ezingu 255, nge igama elimfushane ke elakhiwe ngendlela efanayo njengoba e VFAT. Ukuhlaziya lokho ohlelweni ifayela NTFS, kuyafaneleka ukuthi uyakwazi ukwenza kabusha uqobo esimweni ukwehluleka yesistimu yokusebenza, ukuze disk izofinyeleleka kanye lwemibhalo isakhiwo ngeke kuze kuthinteke.

NTFS Izici

Ku-ivolumu NTFS, ifayela ngalinye imelelwa amarekhodi MfT. Eyokuqala 16 okufakiwe etafuleni abekelwe uhlelo ifayela ukugcina ulwazi olwengeziwe. Ethebuleni ifayela ngokwalo lichaza eliwumlando. Lapho kubhujiswa irekhodi lokuqala kufundwa yesibili ukuthola esibukweni we MfT, lapho ingeyokuqala nsé etafuleni main. Esikhungweni okunomqondo kudiski ibekwe ikhophi ifayela ebhuthini. Ngekhulu lesithathu ithebula entry ifayela log lisetshenziselwa ukuthola idatha. Ngo ifayela amarekhodi nesikhombisa futhi okwalandela ithebula liqukethe ulwazi mayelana amafayela lwemibhalo ezisebusweni idrayivu kanzima.

Ilogo kuthengiselana iqukethe isethi ephelele izici ukushintsha ivolumu isakhiwo, kuhlanganise ukusebenza emelelwa ukudalwa amafayela kanye nanoma yikuphi imiyalo ezithinta isakhiwo lwemibhalo. Ilogo yomsebenzi NTFS yokutakula ngenxa yokwehluleka uhlelo. Okufakiwe ukuze lwemibhalo impande iqukethe uhlu lwemibhalo kanye namafayela zitholakala lwemibhalo impande.

EFS Izici

Iyabethelwa yesistimu yefayela (EFS) is isakhi-Windows, lapho ulwazi a idrayivu kanzima zingagcinwa ngefomethi ngekhodi. Ukubethela isibe Ukuvikelwa enamandla kakhulu, ezingasetshenziswa kuphela ukunikela yesistimu yokusebenza. Kulokhu, ukubethela umsebenzisi is a action kahle elula, idinga kuphela ibhokisi isheke izakhiwo ifolda noma ifayela. Ungakhetha ukuthi ubani angafunda la mafayela. Ukubethela kwenzeka uma ifayela ivaliwe, futhi lapho evula, ivese kuba isilungele ukusetshenziswa.

Izici RAW

Amadivayisi isitoreji idatha, kukhona izingxenye abasengozini kakhulu, ngokuvamile sengozini umonakalo, emzimbeni kuphela kodwa futhi ngokunengqondo. izinkinga ezithile hardware kungaba yingozi, kanti abanye kufanele ezinye izixazululo. Ngezinye izikhathi umbuzo umsebenzisi: "Kuyini uhlelo ifayela RAW?"

Njengoba yaziwa, ukuze uqopha i-hard drive noma flash drive kuyinto yesitoreji idatha kufanele zibe FS. I ezivamile FAT futhi NTFS. Futhi ngeke babe ngisho isistimu yefayela RAW, okuyinto ngokuvamile ukukucabanga. Empeleni, kuba iphutha okunengqondo uhlelo kakade ifakiwe, okungukuthi, ukungezwakali kwawo langempela-Windows. Ngokuvamile ohambisana nokubhujiswa ka RAW isakhiwo isistimu yefayela. Ngemva kwalokho, i-OS ayivele unqabe kudatha, kodwa akusho ukubonisa ulwazi lwezobuchwepheshe imishini.

UDF Izici

Universal Disk Ifomethi (UDF) yakhelwe esikhundleni CDFS bese wengeza nokusekela kwamadivayisi DVD-ROM. Uma sikhuluma lokho isistimu yefayela UDF, it is a ukuqaliswa entsha izinguqulo ezindala of amadiski optical, okuhlangabezana nezidingo International Organization for Standardization. It libhekene ezicini ezithile:

- ubude igama lefayela kungaba ezingu 255;

- ukubhalisa igama kungenzeka aphansi kanye engenhla;

- esiphezulu endleleni ubude nezinhlamvu 1023.

Kuzoqalwa nge-Windows XP, lesi simiso ifayela isekela ukufunda nokubhala.

Uyini EXFAT isistimu yefayela

Lolu hlelo ifayela isetshenziselwa flash ngemoto, okuyinto kulindeleke ukuba afake isicelo uma usebenza nge-computer ezahlukene egijima wokusebenza ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-Windows ne-Linux. It EXFAT waba "ibhuloho 'phakathi kwalezi zinto zombili, ngoba uyakwazi ukusebenza imininingwane abayithole OS, ngamunye esebenzisa uhlelo ayo ifayela. Lokho kusho ukuthini futhi kusebenza kanjani, kuyoba sobala kakade izincwadi zeBhayibheli ongazijwayele.

okutholakele

Njengoba ukuqonda kusukela ngenhla, ohlelweni ngamunye eqhuba isebenzisa nokukwehlisa izinhlelo ezithile. Ahloselwe isitoreji izakhiwo ngaphambilini idatha ku-media ngokomzimba. Uma ngokungazelelwe ngenkathi usebenzisa ikhompyutha, nawu umbuzo, lokho is ultimate isistimu yefayela, kungenzeka ukuthi lapho uzama ukukopisha ifayela ethize ku abezindaba phambi kwakho, kwabikwa kokweqa usayizi kuvunyelwe. Yingakho kudingeka ukuthi yini yamafayela wesitoreji usayizi wefayela kubhekwa eyamukelekayo ukuthi ukudluliswa kolwazi akusho okubhekana nezinselele.