Yiziphi amafayela? izinhlobo zamafayela

Ezamakhompiyutha manje hlala ingxenye enkulu ezimpilweni zethu. Yingakho, zonke manje ngisho odinga ukukwazi nemiqondo eyisisekelo kunazo futhi imigomo. Omunye imiqondo kakhulu eziyisisekelo, okumele ukwazi umsebenzisi ngamunye - ifayela.

Yiziphi amafayela? Nanoma yiluphi olunye ulwazi egcinwe kukhompyutha lilondolozwe amafayela. Ifayela - luncane iyunithi ulwazi, ukukhuluma cishe, a "into" digital. Isikhathi ngasinye, ugcine umdvwebo, ingoma, i-movie, umbhalo, ukudala ifayela. ikhompyutha ngasinye siqukethe inombolo enkulu amafayela. Ngisho kukhompyutha entsha, lapho wayebulele nje kubo mayelana eziyikhulu yesistimu yokusebenza.

baqonde amafayela eziningi kangaka kanjani? Okokuqala, ifayela ngamunye unomthwalo igama lomunye umuntu, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kwanda. Ukunwetshwa libonisa uhlobo ifayela nenjongo yawo. Okwesibili, amafayela kungukuthi elahliwe ngaphakathi FIKE mbundu wathelisa endaweni ekhethekile okuthiwa amafolda. Isigcawu ngasinye amafayela, ukuhlanganisa jikelele umsebenzi, isihloko noma yini enye, itholakala ifolda lalo. Ngakho, sibonga igama ngabanye, isandiso, kanye neqiniso lokuthi wonke amafayela endaweni ethile ekhethekile, kulula ukuqonda ukwehluka namafayela wakho kukhompyutha yakho.

Indlela ukuqaqa amafayela? Uqondeni lokhu noma lokhuya isandiso? Evamile, wonke amafayela zingahlukaniswa zibe amaqembu amaningana:

• imibhalo - amafayela aqukethe ikakhulu ulwazi umbhalo, la mafayela adalwe abasebenzisi ngokwabo ngokukhethekile wadala for lolu hlelo;
• amafayela umtapo - la mafayela aqukethe algorithm ahlukene asebenzisa uhlelo;
• halyards elisebenzisekayo - amafayela, elibangela lesi isiqalo ukusebenza lokhu noma lokhuya hlelo.

Ukuze ngokushesha ecacile lapho ala maqembu zihlanganisa ifayela ethile, izandiso ezivamile, izinhlobo zamafayela odinga ukukwazi. Khona-ke emehlweni nje lefayela injongo yayo iba sobala. Isandiso ezintathu zokugcina noma ezine iincwadi egameni ifayela ngaphambi isandiso njalo iphuzu. Ngokungafani igama lefayela, ingaqukatha izinhlamvu kokubili Russian nesiNgisi, isandiso njalo ebhaliwe kuphela ngesiLatini.

• Exe - in parlance common, la mafayela avamise ukubizwa ekzeshniki. Yiziphi amafayela, nokwenziwayo? Bangabakhe iqembu amafayela elisebenzisekayo. Lapho beqala ukusebenza uqala uhlelo, isibonelo, umdlalo noma sombhalo.
• com - namuhla, la mafayela ayisetshenziswa, lapho betholakala khona kuphela izinhlelo ezindala kakhulu. Eqinisweni, yiyo kanye analogue amafayela ekzeshnyh ngaphansi uhlelo lokusebenza MS DOS.
• bat - ngamafayela lesi sandiso ukusebenzisa amanye amafayela eziningana ngokulandelana. The njalo kunazo wasebenzisa lolu hlobo lwamafayela iyona autoexec.bat, okuyinto uyabulawa qalisa sikhathi futhi ugijimela zonke izinhlelo ezidingekayo ngokushesha emva ukulanda sekuqedile.
• CFG - la mafayela aqukethe kwemigomo uhlelo oluthile.
• DLL - umtapo amafayela.
• hlp - e nalesi sandiso amafayela lungaqukatha hlelo.
• dat - amafayela equkethe ulwazi izinhlelo umsebenzi.

Zonke izandiso alandelayo alandisa yamafayela elisebenzisekayo. Bona akuzona yohlelo, ngokungafani kuya izandiso ezintathu zokuqala, kodwa iboshelwa ngamunye noHlelo, eyaqala futhi ngavula amafayela. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuvula ifayela umbhalo, ngeke usebenze ngokuzenzakalela sombhalo, futhi umdlali umsindo noma ividiyo ifayela iqala. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ukusebenzisa la mafayela, udinga ukuba kukhompyutha yakho babe izinhlelo ezidingekayo.

• thumela, doc, DOCX - is ekwandiseni amafayela umbhalo esetshenziswa abahleli ahlukahlukene umbhalo.
• htm, html - amadokhumenti hyperlink. Yiziphi ngamafayela izixhumanisi? Kusukela nezinye, bayehluka e ukuthi navigation kubo Kwenziwa esebenzisa ekhethekile izikhombo.
• mp3, maphakathi, wav - ezivamile nezakhiwo audio.
• avi, mpeg4, dvix, MKV, Mov - isiqophi ngaphansi izandiso ezinjalo afihliwe.
• jpg, bmp, png, gif - I ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa nezandiso izithombe, izithombe kanye nezinye izithombe.
• rar, zip - amafayela ingobo yomlando. Yini ifayela ingobo yomlando? La mafayela zidalwe kusetshenziswa uhlelo archiver. Ingobo yomlando amafayela kangangokuba bahamba nothile indawo encane ku-hard drive yakho phezulu.

Nge sekwadlula isici amafayela ahlobene omunye umqondo - isistimu yefayela. Ukuze flash futhi hard drive kumelwe uqiniseke ukuthi ukhethe uhlelo ifayela ezifanele.