Zachatiev Tower of Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin: incazelo, umlando kanye namaqiniso athakazelisayo

Isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele njengoNizhny Novgorod Kremlin esivela ekhulwini leshumi nesishiyagalolunye namanje silondoloza umfanekiso wenqaba yesikhashana ngenxa yemibhoshongo yayo yezithulu ezindaweni eziningana nezindonga ezingenakufinyeleleka ezinezingqimba ezincane zokungena. Lezi zakhiwo zobunjiniyela zakhiwe ukwakha imingcele engaseningizimu-mpumalanga yoMbuso waseMoscow ngobuchwepheshe obuphambili kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi.

Ulwazi jikelele

Ngokwezintambo zezinqaba yipoloni engavamile, emagumbini lapho kukhona imibhoshongo. Ekuqaleni, lokhu kuhlanganiswa kokuvikela kuhlanganisa neshumi nane, kuhlanganise nesitatimende sokuzivikela. Lesi samuva kwakuyisiqiniseko esengeziwe futhi sasitholakala ngaphambi kombhoshongo waseDmitrievskaya. Namuhla i- Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin inezinhlaka eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili ezifanayo. Inqaba, eyayimiswa phambi kwezitha eziningi zezitha futhi engazange izinike isitha, yavuselelwa kabusha. Ukulungiswa kabusha okukhulu kakhulu okwenziwe kakade eminyakeni yethu - ngekhulu lama-20. Ngenxa yemizamo nomdlandla wezakhamuzi zendawo kanye nomklami uSvyatoslav Leonidovich Agafonov, ubuhle nokuziqhenya kwedolobha akuzange nje kwanyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba, kodwa babuyiselwe futhi. Imisebenzi yaqalwa ngo-1949 futhi yaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngo-1977. Futhi ngoNovemba 2012 iNdonga yaseZachatievskaya yeNizhny Novgorod Kremlin yavuselelwa.

Incazelo

Kwabhujiswa yi-landslide phakathi nekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili. I-Zachatievskaya Tower ye-Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin yayisakhiwo esinezikwele ezimbili, esakhiwe ngophahla oluncane. Ekuphakameni kwayo, lesi saziso asizange sidlulele izindonga zendawo enqabeni. Ngenxa yokuthi leli sayithi lalivame ukungena emagqumeni omhlaba kunamanye amagquma, futhi ngenxa yokuthi uMfula iVolga ungowakwaRusys, abaqambi besikhathi esidlule abazange bahlanganise izinqaba zokubaluleka kokuzivikela. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezulu kweZachatievskaya umbhoshongo weNizhny Novgorod Kremlin wasetshenziswa njengendlela yokuhamba, ngokuqondile, ukuphuma: ngesango laso kwakungenzeka ukuba ufinyelele ngokushesha ngasogwini. Kodwa-ke, ngokushesha bayeka ukusetshenziswa ngenxa yesimo esiphuthumayo, futhi kakade ngo-1622 amasango "ayephoqeleka ukuma ngemuva". Endaweni ethile emashumini amahlanu ekhulwini leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, umbhoshongo, oguqulwa yi-landslide eya eVolga, wawa. Ngokushesha i-Kremlin ngokwayo yalahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwayo njengenqaba yezempi. Ngemva kwalokho isinqumo sikaNizhny Novgorod Governor IM Rebinder, imibhoshongo yakhe yaguqulwa yaba yimpi yempi kanye nezinqolobane zokudla kanye namakamelo okusiza.

Ubuqotho be-Kremlin

Ngokokuqala ngqa emakhulwini angaphezu kwamakhulu amabili, izindonga zezindonga zeqhawe zavalwa. Yakhiwe kwenye yezindawo ezingathandeki kakhulu Zachatievskaya umbhoshongo weNizhny Novgorod Kremlin wabhujiswa hhayi ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwesitha njalo, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu eziningi ezenzekayo. Umhlabathi okhanyayo kanye nokuqukethwe kwawo okuphakeme kwamadwala okuvula, okwagcwalisa yonke imifula yamandulo kanye namagululli, ama-landslides kanye namanzi asemhlabathini naphansi, egeleza phansi ezindongeni ezisenyakatho zenkampu, zonke lezi zimo zaholela ekutheni lezi zindonga zihlangene. NjengaBorisoglebskaya, i-Zachatievskaya Tower ye-Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin yayilokhu ikhubazekile. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kwakhiwa kabusha njalo. Futhi, ekugcineni, ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili, ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaCatherine the Great, umakhi wesifundazwe wokuqala, uJakov Ananin, waqala ukusebenza emagqumeni asenyakatho enqabeni, kanye nasemibhoshongweni emibili ehlala isikhathi eside. Basuswe ngokuphelele. Izindonga zafakwa esikhundleni sezansi. Noma kunjalo, inqubo yokubhujiswa kwalesi sigaba senqaba yaqhubeka. Futhi nanamuhla, emva kokuvuselelwa, kunezinhlanzi ezimbi emdongeni eduze kwaseBorisoglebskaya Tower. Inqubo yokubhubhisa iyaqhubeka.

Umlando

Zachatievskaya umbhoshongo eNkathini Ephakathi yakhiwa ngaphandle kokutshala imali kuyo incazelo ekhethekile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwaqala ukukhonza nje njengokuphuma kwinqaba. Kodwa ngo-1622, ngenxa yesimiso sayo esiphuthumayo, lo msebenzi wawungasasetshenziswa yi-Zachatievskaya Tower ye-Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Indlela yokufinyelela ogwini lwaseVolga kusukela enqabeni, abantu basemadolobheni abangeke bakhathazekile. Phela, lapho ngo-1750 leli sayithi libhujiswa, izingxenye ezisele zaqedwa. Futhi endaweni yombhoshongo ngokwayo kwavela "A desccent to a spring spring". Kodwa yena, lapho ehlushwa isisindo esilimazayo, wagcwala.

Ukucwaningwa okwenziwe eminyakeni engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye ekhulwini lokugcina kubonisa ukuthi iZachatskaya, noma, njengoba kubizwa nangokuthi, "iZachatievskaya" umbhoshongo weNizhny Novgorod Kremlin, wathuthela cishe ngamamentimitha amahlanu ukuya emfuleni. Ngokusho komklami owayephethe lokwakha kabusha, kwenzeke ngasekupheleni kweshumi nesikhombisa - ingxenye yokuqala yekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili. Kuphela kusukela ngo-2012 kutholwe ukubukeka kwawo kwasekuqaleni iNizhny Novgorod Kremlin.

Zachatiev Tower kuphi?

Ngaphansi kwe-Agafonov le ntloko yeshumi nantathu - owokugcina odadewabo abahloniphekile - ayizange iphindwe kabusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingcezu zalo zakuqala zitholakala kuphela ngo-1961, ngemva kokuwa kwezombukiso owabavala, kusukela ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. Abavubukuli baye bathola phezulu kwendwangu ehamba phambili eyabangela kusukela embhoshongweni ukuya esontweni ngokusebenzisa ubukhulu bodonga lwamaqhawe kanye nezinyathelo ezimbalwa zamatshe ezinhle ngaphezu kwalo. Ubukhulu bawo babuyi-34-36 ubude nobude obungamamitha angu-27 ububanzi. Lokhu kukhulu kakhulu kunezitebhisi ezijwayelekile ze-Kremlin.

I-Zachatskaya (Zachatievskaya) umbhoshongo weNizhny Novgorod Kremlin itholakala phakathi kwamakhanda aseMhlophe neBorisoglebsk, engxenyeni ephansi kunazo zonke zeqhwa lezinqaba ezibheke emfuleni woMfula iVolga. Lokho, ngokwemibhalo ekhona yama-annalistic, yakhiwe ngo-1500-1514, cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo namadonga enqaba.

Ukubuyisela

I-nunnery eseduze yayiyisizathu sokuthi ngokuhlonishwa kokukhulelwa kukaSt. Anne umfel 'ukholo wayebizwa ngokuthi yiZachatievskaya Tower ye-Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Indlela yokufinyelela kule ndlu yezindela ezingcwele, wonke umuntu ohlala edolobheni uzobonisa. Yasungulwa ngaphansi kwe-serf hill, eceleni kwebhange laseVolga ngomyalo womkakho weNkosv Novgorod inkosana u-Andrey Konstantinovich. Lezizindela zikhona, kodwa manje sekubizwa ngokuthi "Ukuphakanyiswa Kwezandla".

I-Svyatoslav Agafonov, owahlaziya izingxenye eziqediwe zendawo yasendongeni, waqala ukuqhuba uphinde wakhiwe kabusha. Yibo ababeka phambili umbono wokufanana phakathi kwamakhanda aZachatievskaya no Nikolskaya. Icala likayise, ongazange aphile kuze kube yilapho kubuyiselwa, waqhubeka nendodakazi yakhe - u-Irina Svyatoslavovna. Kwakungaphansi kokuhola kwakhe ukuthi iNqaba YaseZachatievskaya yeNizhny Novgorod Kremlin yakhiwe kabusha.

Namuhla

Okwamanje, kukhona iminyuziyamu lapha. Iveza imibukiso eyingqayizivele ngempela enenani elikhulu lomlando futhi engakaze iboniswe ngaphambili. Isibonelo, esitezi sokuqala ungabona izakhi zezindonga zangaphambili zeKremlin yamatshe kanye noMbhoshongo waseZachat. Umbukiso wezinga lesibili, ohlanganisa ama-amphorae, izakhi zezinqaba zokhuni nezikhali, uqoqwe ngenxa yocwaningo oludala lwezinto zakudala. Esitezi sesithathu kukhona ukuvezwa okuzinikezelwe kumabutho ase-1612. Kukhona futhi ipaki lokubuka. Imodi yokusebenza ye-Zachatskaya Tower ye-Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin ivela ngo-10: 00 kuya ku-6: 00. NgoMsombuluko i-museum ivaliwe.

Amaqiniso anentshisekelo

I-Zachatievskaya tower ibhekwa njengesakhiwo esingavamile kakhulu seNizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye baze bacabange ukuthi kubalwe. Ngokusho komlando, esisekelweni sombhoshongo kungcwatshwa umdwebi wase-Italy owaklanyelwe. I-legend ithi umakhi wezilwandle, owathandana nomakoti womhlali wendawo, wazama ukumanga. Phakathi kwakhe nomkhwenyana kwaba khona ukulwa, ngenxa yalokho, bobabili abaphikisana nabo bafa.

Ibuyiselwe kabusha i-Zachatievskaya umbhoshongo kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka engu-400 yombutho weNizhny Novgorod. Khona-ke i-Kremlin, lapho ithola ukubonakala kwesakhiwo esiqediwe, yavela phambi kwezivakashi ngendlela eyakhelwe ngayo umakhi wayo ohlakaniphile.