Ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo: izinhlobo, izinhlobo nezibonelo. Ukuxhumana phakathi eziphilayo eziphilayo ezitholakala eziphilayo

Imvelo kuyinto enhle futhi ahlukahlukene. Ekhona le planethi, izitshalo nezilwane kwadingeka afunde ukuphila nabanye. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo - kunzima, kodwa isihloko ezithakazelisayo, ezosiza ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi leli zwe elisizungezile.

izinhlobo ubudlelwano

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ubudlelwano eziphilayo nomunye. Kodwa ososayensi utihlukanise tibe ezintathu ezinkulu.

Iqembu lokuqala elihlanganisa konke labo izinhlobo ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo, okungase ngokuthi yi emihle esiza khona ngaphandle ukuphikisana eziphilayo ezimbili.

Isigaba sesibili sihlanganisa yokubaluleka lezo zinhlobo zezindawo ubudlelwano abizwa ngokuthi omubi. Ukuxhumana zezilokazane ezimbili bazuze ezikhishwe eyodwa kuphela, kanti eyesibili ecindezelekile. Kwesinye isikhathi wesibili bangase bafe ngisho ngenxa lobu buhlobo. Ukuze leli qembu futhi kuyenzeka lokhu ukuxhumana eziphilayo kubathinta kabi kokubili kuqala futhi umuntu wesibili.

Iqembu lesithathu ubhekwa uye kulencane kakhulu. Leli qembu lihlanganisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo ukuthi Ungasingenisi noma yiphi inzuzo noma ukulinyazwa zombili izinhlangothi.

ukubukwa Lomuhle ubuhlobo eziphilayo

Ukuze ezikhona emhlabeni, udinga ukuthola umbimbi nabasizi. Kuyinto lokhu futhi behileleke nakwezamabhizinisi Izitshalo nezilwane eziningi nentuthuko yabo kwemvelo. Umphumela kungenxa, zombili zazo lokuzuza ubuhlobo. Noma ubudlelwano esiza ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela, kanti okwesibili ungawoni.

ubudlelwane obuhle, obizwa nangokuthi Symbiosis ahlukahlukene. Manje ukwaba nokubambisana, mutualism futhi commensalism.

nokubambisana

Cooperation - lawa ubudlelwano phakathi eziphilayo bayazuza lapho zombili ziyasuswa. Ngokuvamile, lokhu inzuzo kukhiqizwe ukudla. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi igama elilodwa eceleni uthola kusuka omunye, ukudla nje kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuvikeleka. Very interesting kukhona ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo. Izibonelo kungabonwa emhlabeni isilwane, ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba.

Omunye walena uwukuba babambisane crab unkom 'idlayodwa futhi Anemone ulwandle. Ngenxa anemones, umdlavuza uthola indawo yokuhlala nokuvikeleka ezinkathazweni nezinye izakhamuzi zaseMpumalanga isikhala amanzi. Ngaphandle ulwandle Anemone unkom 'idlayodwa crab Awukwazi ukuhambisa. Kodwa umdlavuza ukunweba ukudla search engaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungadli actinium, wehlele phansi futhi ziphathwe umdlavuza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinzuzo zalesi ubuhlobo kukhona izinhlangothi ezimbili.

Esinye isibonelo ubuhlobo steel obhejane ngenkabi izinyoni. Lobo bungane phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo avumele omunye amaqembu ukuthola ukudla. izinyoni izinkabi udle izinambuzane, okuyinto uhlala ngobuningi kwi kunobhejane omkhulu. Rhino omakhelwane futhi eziwusizo. Ngenxa yalezi zinyoni, angakwazi uphile impilo enempilo futhi ungakhathazeki mayelana izinambuzane.

commensalism

Commensalism - lawa ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo zemvelo lapho enye izuza khona umzimba kanye nezinye zalezi ubudlelwane is bengahlushwa ukungakhululeki, kodwa hhayi kwabavoti. Lolu hlobo ubudlelwano ubizwa nangokuthi nahlebnichestvom.

Sharks - ezimbi zolwandle eziyingozi. Kodwa bolimi izinhlanzi bathola ithuba lokusinda futhi bazivikele nezinye izilwane ezidla izilwane zasemanzini, ababuthakathaka ngokuziqhathanisa oshaka. remora Fish bazuze oshaka. Kodwa musa ngibalethe noma yikuphi okuhle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ayikho ingozi. Ukuze oshaka lobu buhlobo kungaqashelwa.

I Burrows namagundane zingatholakala hhayi kuphela abasha, kodwa futhi lenqwaba izinambuzane ezahlukene. Nora wadala isilo, kuba umuzi wabo. Kulapha awayona kuphela indawo yokuhlala, kodwa futhi ukuvikeleka zalezo zilwane abathanda ukuba adle nabo. Lesi sinambuzane igundane imbobo akuyona esabekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapha bangakwazi ukuthola ukudla okwanele ukuba siphile ukuphila ngaphandle izinkinga. Namagundane musa uhlangabezana nobunzima izinhlobo ezinjalo ubudlelwano.

ongemuhle ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo

Ekhona ndawonye emhlabeni, izilwane abakwazi kuphela basizane, kodwa futhi abangele ingozi. Akulula ukufunda lezi ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo. Ithebula kuzosiza abafundi nabafundi.

Izinhlobo ubudlelwano ezibhekwa ezimbi, yena, nazo ihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana. Phakathi kwazo yilezo lapho ngenye inhlangano uthola inzuzo, kanti abanye umonakalo, bese kuba khona labo ukuthi uhlushwa zombili. ezibonelweni ezingezinhle kucatshangwa predation, parasitism nokuncintisana.

predation

Kuyini predation, ngubani ongamtshela ngaphandle nokulungiselela. Lona ubuhlobo phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo lapho enye izuza khona ecaleni futhi omunye ehlupheka. Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi ubani odla, ungenza eziwukudla. Futhi ke kulula ukubona ukuthi ezidla uhlaza abaningi babe ukudla nezinye izilwane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kanye nezinto ezidla nakho kungaba ukudla kothile.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi le onogwaja ngokuvamile ziboniswa izithombe nge-apula kanye amakhowe, zingabantu eziyingozi. Onogwaja ukondla sidla amagundane amancane. Kodwa namanje angeke uzizwe uphephile. Bangakwazi sidliwe izimpungushe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impungushe, zifana nezimpisi udle onogwaja.

parasitism

Parasitism - uhlobo ubuhlobo lapho omunye umzimba uzuza ngibonga esinye. Kodwa lesi silwanyana ngokuvamile izama ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umzimba wesibili abangabulawayo. Ngoba kungenjalo amagciwane kuyodingeka uthole bona indawo entsha yokuhlala futhi umthombo omusha ukudla. Noma ayaphela.

Izimuncagazi ezitholakala izilwane nezitshalo. Ngokwesibonelo, cishe zonke izakhamuzi zomphakathi band phakathi wabona mushroom Tinder. Lena umzimba ophilayo, okuyinto sizikhandle wahlela ipotimende esihlahleni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi, ikhula enkulu engakaze ibonwe. Lokhu ukhunta akulula kanjalo ukususa esiqwini. It is fixed ngokuqinile kakhulu. Ngenxa isihlahla ukhunta ithola ukudla, kanye nendawo yokuhlala.

Kukhona lenqwaba izimpethu okuyinto uhlala ngezithukuthuku ephilayo uqina ngokuhamba inhlangano eziyinkimbinkimbi. Mhlawumbe edume kakhulu yile okuthiwa isibungu-amagciwane Ascaris womuntu. izimpethu White kungaba letingemasayizi lahlukene. Bahlala hhayi kuphela emathunjini. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, bakwazi ukuthola indawo ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomzimba. Siyabonga indoda e askarid njalo ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umzimba womuntu awuwona izinga lokushisa kanye nemibandela ukuthi ayadingeka ukuze ngokuphepha izimpethu yayikhona futhi sanda. Inani elikhulu Ascaris emzimbeni womuntu iba imbangela ngokuphazamisa futhi izinkinga eziningi ukuxazulula ukuthi udokotela kuphela ongasinika.

Esikhathini emizimbeni yezinye izilwane nazo zixazulula izibungu yisinanakazana. Phakathi ngokwethembeka kungenzeka babhekene okukhulunywa, isibonelo, flukes isibindi. Umshado onjalo phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo iba inhlekelele ngempela abantu. Futhi ikakhulukazi labo abenza nemfuyo noma ingadi. Umonakalo owenziwe ezolimo yizilwanyana eziwuhlupho, kuyinto engenakulinganiswa.

mncintiswano

Naphezu izilwane ezidla ezinye womele igazi, okuholela ukuzingelwa izilwane ezincane buthaka imini nobusuku, lo mncintiswano kubhekwa uhlobo olunzima kunalo lonke ake ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo. Phela, kulabo abahlobene umzabalazo indawo phansi kwelanga phakathi abamele ephilayo yohlobo olufanayo. Futhi ngezindlela zokuthi bathole izinto eziningi ezidingekayo ukudla, noma izindlu kangcono zinhlobo ngamunye awabo.

Le mpi win izilwane kunamandla futhi beshesha kakhudlwana. Izimpisi Namandla uthole inyamazane ezinhle, kuyilapho abanye bahlale noma udle nezinye izilwane kancane eqotho, noma zibulawe indlala. kuwumshikashika kangaka wenziwa kwakusenempi phakathi izitshalo ukuze uthole umswakama noma kwelanga okuningi.

ubuhlobo kokungathathi hlangothi

Kukhona futhi lezo zinhlobo zezindawo ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo, uma zombili awatholi inzuzo noma umonakalo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abahlala endaweni efanayo, zingabantu ngokuphelele akunalutho abajwayelene ngakho. Uma omunye ohlangothini ubuhlobo uzonyamalala kusukela ebusweni bomhlaba, ehlangothini lwesibili alithintwa ngqo.

Ngakho, emazweni afudumele, ezidla uhlaza ezahlukene zidla amaqabunga esihlahla esisodwa. Izindlulamithi adle labo amaqabunga phezulu. Bangabaholi amnandi kakhulu futhi okumnandi. Futhi ezinye ezidla uhlaza kufanele udle Izinsalela ezikhulayo ngezansi. Izindlulamithi ungagxambukeli nabo ungathathi ukudla. Ngoba izilwane aphansi ongafinyelela amaqabunga, badle okusezingeni eliphezulu. A okusezingeni akwenzi mqondo ukugoba futhi uthathe ukudla kwabanye.

Kukhona izinhlobo ezihlukene zobuhlobo phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo. Futhi ufunde konke kubo akulula kangako. Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi konke emvelweni kuhlobene. Njalo nje izitshalo nezilwane ezithinta nomunye kahle noma kabi, okungenani musa kuthinte nganoma iyiphi indlela. Kodwa ngisho noma kungukuthi xhumanisa ngqo, akusho ukuthi ukunyamalala komunye hhayi kungaholela ekufeni lomunye. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo - kuyingxenye ebalulekile emhlabeni.