Ubhiya obuqinile: Umlando, izinhlobo

Isisindo siyinhlobo ekhethekile yobhiya. Esikhundleni salokho, akuyona ngisho ubhiya, kodwa inqaba enamandla 7-8%, iphekwe ngesisekelo sezintambo, amanzi, imvubelo namabhanki othosiwe noma umlingo wokushiswa. Esigabeni samanje sokuthuthukiswa kokuphuza, izinhlobo eziningi ze-stout ziyaziwa. Okuvamile kakhulu kulezi zinhlobo ezintathu: ubisi obushukela - ubhiya, obunambitheka obuhle obuhle obuhle obuhle obuhle, ubukhulu besibindi ngombuso we-7-10%, obunokuphuza utshwala obunzima, kanye nesango eliseBaltic, eliyinguqulo eshibhile yesibindi sobukhosi. Futhi nakuba abalindi beBaltic bangase babe ngabalimi kunezihambi, ngokuvamile kubhekwa ukuthi le bhiya isisodwa sezinhlobo ezinamandla.

Ukusuka ku-ale ukufaka futhi ukuqina

Ngokokuqala ngqa, ubhiya obuqinile bukhulunywe ngo-1677 yiBritish Count Francis Henry Egerton. Edayton yakhe u-Egerton ukhuluma ngesibindi njengebhiya elinamandla kakhulu, ngaphandle kokucacisa ukuthi ngabe kumnyama noma kukhanya.

Ngesikhathi sokuqala ubhiya obumnyama bebizwa ngokuthi i-porter ngo-1721. Leli gama lathola isiphuzo esiphekwe ngesisekelo se-malt egazingiwe. Ngesikhathi esifushane kwavela kakhulu kangangokuthi abaqaphi baqala ukuzama ukunqoba. Okuqine kakhulu kwezinhlobonhlobo ezitholakalayo kwakuthiwa yi-stout. Okungavela kuso ukuthi izindaba zokubukeka kwababalindi kanye nezigxobo zihlobene eduze. Namuhla, ngegama elithi "stout", noma yikuphi ubhiya obumnyama kuhlotshaniswa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inqaba.

I-porter yokuqala

Indawo yokubeletha kwesango kwakuyiLondo. Kwakuyinhloko-dolobha yaseBrithani eminyakeni eyi-20 yekhulu le-17 lelo bhisi elimnyama lalipheka kuqala. Ukuthandwa kwakhe kwanda ngokushesha, okuchazwe ngemali ephansi kanye nentengo yokugcina. Kwakukhona iphunga elimisiwe, alizange lisile isikhathi eside, futhi lapho ligcinwa ngaphezulu, liluqine kakhulu. Emashumini amahlanu alandelayo, ukuthunyelwa kwe-porter kwenziwa kuphela eLondon. Ngo-1776, wafunda ukupheka ngeziphuzo zase-Ireland. I-porter yayo yesimanje ebonakalayo yathola kuphela ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili ngenxa yokusetshenziswa komnyama omnyama, owasungulwa ngo-1817 nguDkt. Wheeler. Kwakupheka ubhiya ngesisekelo somlingo omnyama, othosiwe ngama-degree angama-200, wawunikeza umbala omnyama, amandla anyukile kanye nokunambitheka okukhethekile okuthakazelisayo, okufana nesimo samanje samanje.

Umsuka nokuhumusha kwegama elithi "stout"

Kuze kube yikhulu lama-14 igama elithi stout lalihunyushwe ngokuthi linesibindi, liqhosha. Kusukela ngekhulu le-18, laqala ukuveza amandla. Stout ngalezo zinsuku kwakungokwesiko ukubiza noma yikuphi uhlobo lwebhiya. Isisindo - igama elichazwa ngalezo zinsuku noma yiliphi eqinile, kuhlanganise nebala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, baqala ukubizwa ngokuthi ubhiya obumnyama kuphela ngamandla amakhulu.

Isicelo esingalindelekile. Ubhiya obuqinile njengomuthi

Ukuthandwa kwezitshalo zokukhanya nezimbizi kwanda ngokushesha lapho iMpi Yezwe Yomhlaba iphelile, futhi i-UK yaba yinto yokugxila kwayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubhiya obumnyama baqala ukujabulela izinto ezincane, kodwa abaqashi babengazange bayeke, futhi ngo-1920, ngokusho komphumela wokucwaninga kwamakethe okwenziwa eNgilandi, kwatholakala ukuthi i-pint kabhiya yaphakamisa kakhulu ithoni ebalulekile yomuntu. Ngokuhambisana nalesi siphumo, isiqubulo esithi "Guinness ikuhle kuwe" sakhiwe.

Ubisi obumnyama abukhuthazwa kuphela ngabantu abaphilile, kodwa nalabo abasesikhathini sokuthunyelwa kwesikhathi, abesifazane abakhulelwe, kanye nabanikeli begazi. Ngo-1980, iningi lama-breweries eBrithani lalibandakanya ukukhiqiza ubhiya obunamandla, kanti iphesenti elikhulu liba ubisi.

Indaba yokuthi kungani iStout yaba isiphuzo saseRashiya nokuthi kungani

Esigabeni samanje sokuthuthukiswa kokuphuza, izinhlobo eziningi ze-ale ezinamandla ziyaziwa. Zihluka ngezinga lezinqaba, ukuthanda okuhlukile nokuhlanganiswa kombala. I-Stout iphekwe ngamaqoqo amancane, njengoba kuvame ukukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuphuza kuqondile, futhi kuphela abachwepheshe kanye nabachwepheshe bakwazi ukuyiqonda. Okungavamile kunazo zonke ekudayiseni ensimini yeRussia ihlangene, kuyaphawuleka, ukuqina kwesibindi saseRussia. Lesi siphuzo sinegama layo ngenxa yalowo okwazi ukuyiqonda kuqala. Isisindo esimnyama saseRashiya - ubhiya, obunokuphakama okuphezulu, i-viscosity nomthunzi wekhabhoni. Isimo sobukhosi sibonakala ngombala omnyama.

Ngakho-ke, i-connoisseur yokuqala ye-al-emperari yayingumgqugquzeli omkhulu futhi othanda ubhiya - uMnumzane Catherine II. Kwakuyinkantolo yakhe ukuthi izimpahla zokuqala zama-dark ale ezivela eBrithani ziya eRussia zaqala. Indlela ubhiya okufanele ayenze ngayo ukuze afinyelele umthengi wayo kwakungelula futhi kude. Umgwaqo omfushane kunolwandle, futhi izimo ezingamukeleki zotshwala ngesikhathi sokuthutha zenza isiphepho. Ukuze ufinyelele umthengi wayo ngendlela efanele ngezimfanelo eziphezulu zekhwalithi, ubhiya bekufanele bube namandla kakhulu futhi buqine kunokwamaShayina omdabu. Abaqaphi baseBrithani bafezekisa kalula lo mgomo ngokukhulisa inani lotshwala kule unit. Ngenxa yamandla akhuphukile, isiphuzo asizange nje sithole ukunambitheka okungcono kakhulu, kodwa futhi savikelwa ezifweni ezihlukahlukene kulo lonke uhambo olwandle, okwenze kakhulu ekuvuthweni kwalo eside.

Njengoba kungabonakala kulokhu okushiwo ngaphambili, umgogodla wezinyosi ubhekwa umbala wekhabhoni ogcwele, ubuciko bawo bubumnyama kunezinye izinhlobo ze-ale, unomqondo ophakeme futhi usondelene nombala obomvu. Naphezu kokuthi isisindo sombuso waseRussia yisiphuzo esinamandla, cishe akukho ukunambitheka kotshwala kuwo, ngokuphambene nalokho, kunomusa omuhle we-malt no-bhali othosiwe, ohlangene ne-shades ekhanyayo yemifula noma omisiwe. Ezinhlobonhlobo ze-al-king, ezakhiwe e-US, zikhona namanothi we chocolate okubabayo, i-caramel nekhofi.

Isisindo se-Imperial - isiphuzo sinzima, sicebile futhi siqinile. Isikhathi esihle sokuba ibhodlela laleli bhiya yilokwindla noma kusihlwa ebusika, emva kokushisa kwesimo sezulu esibi, ukufudumala ukuqina okunamnandi kuyoba yithuluzi elihle kakhulu lokulwa nokucindezeleka kanye ne-blues. Isiphuzo sithelwa ezibukweni ngefomu ekhethekile eklanyelwe ukuveza ngokucacile izindawo zebhiya elimnyama elimnyama. Lezi zibuko zibizwa ngokuthi "i-sniffer" ne "pint". Ukudla okungagcizelela izici ezinhle kakhulu zesibindi saseRashiya esiyinduna kukhona izinkukhu ezinama-pepper kanye nenyama eqoshiwe noma umcibisholo omkhulu. Abanye abachwepheshe nabo bakhetha ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwebhiya njengesiphuzo se-dessert for ushokoledi omnyama noma ama-dessert amnandi afana ne-tiramisu.

Ukucabangela kwesiphetho

Kubanikazi bamaRussia abawaziwa kakhulu, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza umgogodla wawubhekwa yiBaltika neBeer Card, kodwa cishe yonke ivolumu yobhiya obumnyama obukhiqizwa yizo zithunyelwa ngaphandle. Ngakho-ke, ezibalweni zaseRussia ibhodlela le-stout yamaRashiya embusweni lingasetshenziswa ngokungajwayelekile.

I-approximate kakhulu ngokwezimfanelo zekhwalithi ku-stout yaseRussia, kodwa isiphuzo eshibhile, i-porter ye-Baltic. Esikhundleni salokho, lolu hlobo lwebhiya lufana nesigqila kunale, kepha abantu abaningi bacabanga ngenye indlela. Esikhathini samanje, ukukhiqizwa kwalo kusungulwa kuphela ePoland.

Izinhlobo eziphansi kakhulu zotshwala

Ukuphuza utshwala obumnyama ngamandla aphansi yiziqu ezinomile zase-Ireland. Isici esiyingqayizivele se-Irish dark ale yi-shade yekhofi kanye nebhali othosiwe ukunambitha. Iziphuzo ezidume kakhulu yiBeamish, i-Murphy's (ubhiya "i-Murphys Airish Stout") ne-Guinness.

Zibuye zivame ukutholakala emashalofini ezitolo zasemakhaya. Isici esiyinhloko se-oyster stout yukuthi ngesikhathi sokupheka kwayo kunezandla ezimbalwa ze-oysters. Sekuyisikhathi eside sekuyimfihlo: i-oysters iyinhlazo emnandi kakhulu yobhiya, kodwa yanezela ekuphuzeni i-ale, bayinika ukukhishwa kwezinga eliphezulu nakakhulu. Ngokokuqala ngqá ekucubunguleni, ama-oyster ayengeziwe emalt ngo-1929 eNew Zealand, eLondon, yaqala ukuqhutshwa ngabakwa-brewers kuphela ngo-1983. Ngakho ubhiya wazalwa isisindo se-ostern, i-dark eyine-oysters.

Ukutholakala kwesibindi sase-Ireland eRussia

Muva nje, sekulula kakhulu ukuphuza isisindo sase-Irish somsuka waseRussia. Namuhla, ungayenza ngisho nangaphandle kokushiya ekhaya, uma uthengisa kusengaphambili ibhodlela le-original lamafutha omnqumo esitolo. Esikebheni esidala, ubhiya "Khamovniki" uzothululelwa. Isisindo sagcina sisondelene ne-Russian connoisseur emva kokuba ubhiya be-Khamovniki Irish Stout budayiswe ngasekupheleni kukaSeptemba ngonyaka odlule, hhayi kuphela kwifomu lebhodlela, kodwa nasebhodleleni. Manje abakwazi ukujabulela ngokugcwele hhayi kuphela imigoqo yezwe, kodwa futhi basebenzisa isikhathi ekhaya bebuka ifilimu ethandekayo.

El ne ukunambitheka kanye nephunga lebisi ushokoledi

I-sweetest ye-ale iyimnandi, noma njengoba ibizwa ngokuthi ingenye - ubisi obunzima. Ubhiya olunalo leli gama ngokuvamile lusezingeni eliphansi lamandla okuphuza omnyama we-4-6%. Ngemuva kokupheka, kuthiwa i-lactose, engakwazi ukuvuthwa ngemvubelo ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa. Ukunambitheka kwalo okumnandi okuchazwayo nakho kuchazwa okuqukethwe kwe-lactose. Ukunambitheka kwebhali kwesibindi kuyinto elula futhi emnandi, ihlukaniswe ngamakhofi noma ikhofilethi amanothi.

I-Stout ene-foam enamandla kakhulu

Ubumnandi obuphansi kunobisi yi-oat stout beer. I-Lactose kuyo ishintshwe ngama-oats. Uma upheka ama-30% wezithako, okusanhlamvu okwenza ukuthi umkhiqizo ophelile ube ukolweni obuningi, nut, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho ne-flavor fruity kanye nephunga elimnandi, lapho umuntu angathola khona kalula amanothi aqondakalayo we-ushokoledi noma i-cappuccino. Ngezinye izikhathi ama-oats anomthelela ekwenzeni ubumnandi bebhizinisi obuhle kanye ne-viscosity. Imibala yemvelo ye-oat stout kokubili i-wheaten ekhanyayo nombala omnyama wama-oats agwetshiwe. Isici esiyingqayizivele siphuzo siyiphunga elikhulu kakhulu.

Inhlanganisela engavamile yokunambitheka

Into engavamile kunazo zonke phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-dessert ubhiya omnyama yi-chocolate nekhofi. Ukuze uthole ukuthanda okunjalo, abaphangi banamuhla basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile. I-flavor ye-chocolate ehlukile etholakala ngenxa yokugcoba okukhethekile okunamandla kwamalt omnyama. Kwezinye izinhlobo ezifanayo zaleli ale elimnyama, i-chocolate noma i-cocoa ubhontshisi ngokuqondile ngesikhathi sokupheka.

Isiphuzo esiqabulayo ngokungavamile sibhekwa njenge-stout stout. Akukona nje iphunga elimnandi lekhofi, nekhono elimnandi, elibangela ukuqina kwekhofi. Ekukhiqizeni kwalolu hlobo lwe-malts kuthosiwe kakhulu, kuze kuvele ikhofi ekhanyayo nephunga elimnandi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abanye abafuyi ngezinye izikhathi bangeze kulephuza hhayi ikhofi kuphela, kodwa futhi ushokoledi, ngisho ne-mint, ukuze uthole izici zokunambitheka zangempela. Zonke lezi zici ziholela ekusungulweni kwezinhlobo ezintsha zekhofi.

Ngini futhi ngukuphi okulungile ukuphuza isisindo?

Njengoba wazi, ukuze ujabulele ngokugcwele zonke izici zokunambitheka kwesiphuzo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha isenzakalo esifanele, isikhathi sokusebenzisa nokudla okulula. Ubhontshisi obunamandla bunombono ocebile kakhulu wezici zokunambitheka abachwepheshe abaningi bakhetha ukukusebenzisa njenge "isidlo" esizimele, ukuze bangalimazi ukunambitheka futhi bajabulele ngokugcwele ubuhle bephunga.

Isisindo - isiphuzo ngokuvamile siqinile, sigcwele futhi sinamahloni, asifanelekile ezinsukwini zasehlobo ezishisayo, abakwazi ukucima ukoma noma ukupholisa. Le njongo ikamu elikhulu lokuphendula. Isisindo - isiphuzo, esidalwe ukujabulisa, ukuphuza kufanele sibe kancane futhi ngokuqaphela. Unezici ezibonakalayo ezinembile, ezikwazi ukuphula ngisho nokudla kokudla, uma kungalingani kahle. Ngokujwayelekile ukudlala okunamandla kukhethwa ngokwemigomo emibili eyisisekelo: ukufana nokuphambene. Isibonelo, ukuhluka okuhle kwesimiso esivelayo se-dry, i-milky, i-oatmeal, ikhofi ne-chocolate stouts izoba yi-oysters. Besijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukudla yiBritish kanye ne-Irish ngaphansi kwe-dark ale eminyakeni engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili edlule. Yenza ukunambitheka nokuthandwa kwe-oysters kugcizelele ngokuphelele ubumnandi bhiya ocebile. Ukwengeza okuhle kakhulu kucebile ukunambitheka okubuhlungu kwesibindi sombuso kuyoba yenyama enomakhelwane othosiwe kahle njengengulube noma inyama yezinyosi eziphekwe ngezinongo zama-duck noma izingcezu zebhethoni eligcobe. Kuzogcizelela ngokuphelele ukuqina neshizi. Futhi okunye okunamandla futhi okunamandla kuyoba njalo, abathandi abakhulu abaqinile bayakwazisa.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi cishe noma yikuphi ukuqina kunesilinganiso esithile, ubumnandi. I-dark ale izoba isiphuzo esihle kakhulu sokuphuza okwephuza okufana ne-tiramisu, i-ayisikhilimu, i-pudding, i-cream brulee noma noma yiziphi izimpahla eziphekiwe.

Akukho ocebile kakhulu oyoba ukunambitheka kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesibindi, uma uphuza, udla isidlo esinesithanala. Ngokuphambene nalokho, akuyona into engathandeki ukusebenzisa i-dark ale enezinhlanzi ezimanzi ezimanzi ezinosawoti, ezifana ne-squid noma inhlanzi. Baneqa kuphela ukunambitheka okucebile okucebile kwe-ale.