I-Vodka: ukwakheka. Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali kanye nenani lomsoco we-vodka

I-Vodka ingabizwa ngokuthi isiphuzo esithandwa kakhulu kuwo wonke amakhosi namaholide. Iqukethe u- ethyl utshwala, ehlanjululwa kusuka engcolile ehlanjululwa ngamanzi. I-Vodka, okwakhiwa kwayo kufanele kuqukathe u-40 wamaphesenti utshwala, kungaba nezithasiselo. Ngokuvamile kuba izithelo, amajikijolo, izinongo nezinye izithako. Izinga eliphakeme lokuhlanzwa kwenza kube lula ukwenza umkhiqizo wokuthi, ngokungafani nama-analogues, awubangeli i-hangover. Kodwa lokhu kuyi-vodka kuphela, okwakhiwa kwayo okungabizwa ngokuthi yi-qualitative.

Umlando omncane

Usuku oluqondile lokuvela kwalesi siphuzo alukho. Kodwa isikhathi sokuzalwa singalinganiswa nangekhulu le-14-15. Kwenzeka ensimini yombuso waseRussia. Ngakho-ke, zonke izimangalo zamanye amazwe azivumelekile. Ngo-1982, ukuhlukunyezwa kwamanye amazwe kwaqaphela ukuthi lokhu kuphuza njengasekuqaleni kwesiRashiya. Ngekhulu le-14, izinxusa zaseGenese zaletha imimoya yewayini eRussia. Lokhu kwakuyisisekelo sabo bonke iziphuzo ezidumile ezinamandla amakhulu. Futhi eRussia, ngesisekelo sewayini utshwala, kwakuthola isiphuzo, okuthiwa "i-vodka". Phakathi nekhulu le-15 leminyaka, isivuno sokhula sasifike ezindaweni ezingakaze zenziwe. Ukuthunyelwa kwewayini kwamagilebhisi okuvela eByzantium kwaphela. Sekuyisikhathi sokushintsha ekukhiqizeni utshwala. Njengoba umlando ubonisa futhi inganekwane ithi, cishe ngo-1430 i-monk yaseChudov yakha iresiphi ye-vodka yangempela yaseRussia. Ngenxa yalokhu, wayenabo bonke amathuba: ulwazi nemishini. U-Mendeleev wethula umqondo nomumo ebhodini - 40% vol. Akanayo eyakhelwe i-vodka. Wenze lokho kufanelana futhi wazuza ukubhaliswa kwe-patent.

Izakhiwo ze-vodka enhle

Akuwona wonke ama-vodka, angatholakala emashalofini, angabizwa njengekhwalithi. Konke kuxhomeke kumkhiqizi kanye nezithako ezisetshenziswayo. Yiziphi izici zomkhiqizo omuhle? Okokuqala, kuyiphunga elimnandi, eliyingqayizivele. Umkhiqizo omuhle awunawo iphunga elibukhali. Okwesibili, kunomusa omuhle. Ukwakhiwa kwe-vodka nokukhiqizwa kwayo kufanele kuhlangabezane nazo zonke izidingo zanamuhla. Ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ikhuluma futhi isembozo sayo. I-coork and cap kufanele ivumelane ngokushelela ibhodlela, futhi izitembu nosuku lokubhoboza - zifunde ngokucacile. Ngaphansi kwebhola akufanele kube khona izitsha. Ukwakhiwa okulungile kwe-vodka kukuvumela ukuba wenze isiphuzo esihlanzekile, esicacile. Okuqukethwe kwe-turbid ebhodleleni kubonisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi asemgangathweni noma ukungcola. Ilebula kumele iqukethe ulwazi mayelana nomenzi, imininingwane yokuxhumana kanye nekhodi ehlanganisa amadijithi angu-7-10. Kumele kube nolwazi mayelana namalayisense wokuqinisekisa nokukhiqiza.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-vodka

Uma kunquma ikhwalithi, izingxenye ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza zibaluleke kakhulu. Ukwakhiwa kwe-vodka, uma kungena emkhatsini wemakhemikhali, kungumanti kanye nephuzo. Izinhlobo ezintathu zotshwala zivame ukusetshenziswa. Inhlobo yokuqala ivela kumazambane noma okusanhlamvu futhi inezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokuhlanzwa. Okulandelayo kuza izinhlobo ezihlukile kanye ne-deluxe, eyenziwe okusanhlamvu okhethiwe. Izinhlobo ezimbili zokugcina zibhekwa njengento engcono kakhulu. Indima enkulu idlala ngekhwalithi yamanzi. Abakhiqizi abalungile bawahlanza kuqala kusuka usawoti nokungcola. Uma le phakheji inolwazi lokuhlanza ngesiliva, lokhu kubonisa izinga lemanzi. Uma ilebula ithi "ihlanzwa ubisi," lokhu kuhambisana nomkhiqizo wokugcina.

Isilinganiso sokuhlanzwa utshwala

Ukuphuza utshwala obuhle kukhishwa ngxube yamazambane kanye nezinhlamvu noma kusuka kwesithako ngasinye ngokwehlukana. Futhi, ama-molasses, isithombo sebhitrudi noshukela oluhlaza olusetshenziselwa lokhu. Kukhona izinga lokuhlanza utshwala. Umkhiqizo wokuqala webanga unamaphesenti angu-96 enqabeni. Ukuhlanzwa okuphakeme kuhlinzeka isibonakaliso se-96.2% ngamaphesenti. Izinhlobo ezingcono kakhulu zokuphuza utshwala - ezengeziwe kanye ne-lux - ziye, ngokulandelana, eziyi-96.5 namaphesenti angu-69.3. Kanti uphinde uhlukanise udoti wezokwelapha ne-anhydrous.

Ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi

Ukwakhiwa kwe-vodka kubandakanya amanzi. Kodwa lokhu akulona uketshezi olujwayelekile oluvela emthonjeni, kodwa olukhethekile, olukhululekile emanzini. Ukuze wenze amanzi afaneleke ekukhiqizeni i-vodka, usawoti kufanele ususwe kuwo. Le nqubo izokwenza kube lula. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukuba uhlanzeke ngokuphelele amanzi azo zonke izakhi. Emva kwalokho, igcwele ama-microelements. Lolu buchwepheshe lusetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi okuphuza kanye namaminerali. Ngakho-ke, ulwazi mayelana nokuhlanzwa kwesiliva kubonisa ukucebisa kwamanzi nge-ions yalensimbi.

Izithasiselo

Abakhiqizi abaningi bathula izingxenye ezengeziwe noma izithasiselo ku-vodka yaseRussia. Lokhu kwenzeka ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Okokuqala, kuyisifiso sokukhipha umkhiqizo wakho futhi wenze kube engavamile. Umncintiswano emakethe yotshwala unzima futhi zonke izindlela zisetshenziselwa umzabalazo kumthengi. Okwesibili, izithako eziningi ezengeziwe zihlanza i-vodka, okwenza kube mnandi kakhulu. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Yebo, into yokugcina, kodwa hhayi emnandi kakhulu, umzamo wokufihla ukwehluleka kwe-vodka, ukunambitheka kwayo kanye nekhwalithi embi. Ngakho-ke, thembela kulezi zinkomba noma cha, lokhu kuyindaba eyimfihlo kuwo wonke umuntu. Izithako ezisetshenziswayo njengezithasiselo zi-citric acid, uju, ubisi powder, ushukela, i-baking soda, i-acetic acid ne-potassium permanganate. Abanye abakhiqizi basebenzisa i-acetate ye-sodium ne-sodium hydrogencarbonate. Ukukhetha kokwengeza kuxhomeke kuhlobo lwe-vodka noma umkhiqizo. Ngokuvamile, uju isetshenziswa. Iqaliswa ekwakheni i-vodka, ehlanjululwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Le ngxenye yenza umkhiqizo ukhululeke.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-vodka

Kuye ngenani le "vuka" i-vodka ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezine. Lena amaphesenti angu-40, 45, 50 no-56. Ochwepheshe emkhakheni wokukhiqiza iziphuzo ezidakayo bahlukanisa phakathi kwamakilasi amane: umnotho, izinga elijwayelekile, i-premium ne-superpremium. Amakilasi amabili okugcina yiziphuzo eziphakeme. Zihlukaniswa ngezinga elihle kakhulu nezindleko eziphakeme. Ngokuba ukulungiselela kwabo basebenzisa kuphela izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zotshwala futhi amanzi ahlanzekile ngokuphelele. Phakathi nokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi ye-vodka, izigaba ezimbili zezinkomba zisetshenziswa. Okokuqala yizici ze-organoleptic, ezifaka iphunga, obala nobumnandi. Iqembu lesibili yizinkomba zokuhlaziya. Lapha, izivivinyo zelabhuthrikhi zenziwa kanye nokungafani, ukutholakala kokungcola kanye nephesenti lokuqukethwe kotshwala kunqunywa.

I-Royal vodka: umlando

Ngokokuqala ngqa incazelo yevodka yasebukhosini yabonakala ngekhulu le-14. I-Hydrochloric acid ayingakaziwa kubantu. Indlela yokuthola isiphuzo esinikezwa i-distillation yenhlanganisela ye-alum, i- copper sulfate, i- ammonia ne-saltpeter. Indlela yesibili ukuxubana kwe-nitric ne-hydrochloric acid, kwachazwa ngo-1597 ngu-Andreas Libavia, isazi samakhemikhali. Ngenxa ye-vodka yasebukhosini, ukutholakala okuningi okwenziwe ku-alchemy, kwaba nokwanda kolwazi mayelana nokuphendula kwamakhemikhali nezinto.

Izakhiwo ze-vodka yasebukhosini

Iyini i-vodka yasebukhosini? Ukwakhiwa kwama-acids kulokhu kuphuza kunikeza izakhiwo ezithile. I-Royal vodka iyinhlanganisela yama-acids amabili, i-nitric ne-hydrochloric, ngokwesilinganiso esisodwa kuya kwesithathu. Lokhu kungenye yezinkinga eziqine kakhulu. Le mfanelo ingenxa ye-chloride nitrosil. I-"vodka" esanda kulungiswa ayibalabala. Ngemva kwesikhashana, ithola umthunzi we-orange. Isici esivela kulolu ketshezi kuyiphunga elinamandla le-chlorine ne- nitrogen dioxide. Le ngxube ilungiswa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. I-vodka yaseRoyal, okubunjwa kwayo kwe-acids esiye sabheka ngenhla, ekugcineni ilahlekelwa izakhi zayo ze-oxyidizing nokubola.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-vodka yasebukhosini

Kuphi lesi siphuzo esetshenziswayo? I-Tsarskaya vodka, okwakhiwa ngayo ehlukile ekusetshenzisweni kweziphuzo ezidakayo, isetshenziselwa ama-laboratories njengento ephendulayo. Isetshenziselwa ukuhlanza izitsha ze laboratory ezivela ezintweni eziphilayo. Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukuhlaziywa kwezinsimbi ezinamandla, ukukhiqizwa kwe-chloride yensimbi nakwezinye izivivinyo. Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali e-tsarist vodka kuvumela ukuchitha izinsimbi ezingasebenzi, i-platinum, igolide ne-palladium, ngisho nasezingeni lokushisa. Igolide igxuma e-vodka yasebukhosini ngesivinini se-10 μm / min. Ukuba khona kwe-oksijini kuyadingeka ukuba u-etch ruthenium. Lezi zakhi ezimbili ziphumela ku-hexachlororotenic acid. Awukwazi ukuchitha isiliva ku-vodka yasebukhosini. Lokhu kungenxa yokwakhiwa kwe-chloride yesiliva ebusweni befilimu. Futhi ukumelana nama-acids kukhona izinsimbi ezifana ne-titanium, tantalum, zirconium, i-chromium, i-niobium ne-hafnium.

I-vodka yaseRoyal, ukwakheka, ukusetshenziswa okuye esikucabangayo, akusetshenziselwa ukuphathwa ngomlomo!

Balot Balotov

Abantu abaningi kakhulu banesithakazelo kolwazi mayelana ne-balot sika-balm. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ingxube ye-acids egxile - i-nitric ne-hydrochloric acid - i-vodka yasebukhosini. Ukwakhiwa ngokusho kwe-Bolotov yisisombululo esibuthakathaka. Ibhalsamu, elungiswa kuma-pharmacy, lihambisana nesisombululo se-3% se-hydrochloric acid. Ngakho-ke, ayinayo umphumela obhubhisa isisu somuntu futhi ithathwa ngaphakathi. Umthelela lo mthelela onjani emzimbeni womuntu?

I-sulfuric acid ihlakaza izicubu ezihlangene ngenxa yokuguqulwa kweshukela zibe yi-mucopolysaccharides. Ngamanye amazwi, ihlakaza amaseli endala futhi ithuthukise ukugaya. I-nitric acid ithuthukisa umsebenzi wezinhlayiya ze-adrenal futhi yandisa izinga le-adrenaline. Futhi, kukhona ngcono ekuncelweni kwesisindo, lapho i- pyruvic acid idlala indima ebalulekile . I-balm ye-Balot ikhuthaza ukwakheka kwamavithamini nama-amino acids emzimbeni futhi ubuyisele ama-molecule amaphrotheni. Inomphumela omuhle kuzo zonke izinqubo ezenzeka emzimbeni, futhi zivimbela ukuvuvukala. I-balm yenza imisebenzi eminingana. Okokuqala, lokhu kwanda inani lamaseli amasha. Okwesibili, kunciphisa ukubhukwa komzimba, okungukuthi, ukuguqulwa kwemikhiqizo ye-waste emanzini bese ususa emzimbeni. Owesithathu ulwa namagciwane futhi abuyisela izitho.

"Standard Standard Russian"

Eyasungulwa ngo-1998, inkampani yokukhiqiza utshwala ngumkhiqizi omkhulu kulo mkhakha. I-Vodka "Standard Standard Russian" isiphuzo esakhiwa ngezihumusho eziningana e-factory eSt. Petersburg. Namuhla umugqa uqukethe izinhlobo eziningana: "Umbuso", "Original", "Platinum" ne "Russian Standard Standard". Zonke izinhlobo ziyizici zalolu hlobo lwezici nezakhiwo eziyingqayizivele. Lo mkhiqizo ungabizwa ngokuthi ungcono kakhulu. Ukwakhiwa kwe-vodka "IsiShayina Standard" kuhlanganisa kuphela izithako zekhwalithi. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza buhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zanamuhla. Ukuze kwenziwe ukukhiqizwa, izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zokhula ezitshalwe esifundeni saseChernozem ziyathathwa, futhi amanzi athathwa emthonjeni ongaphansi komhlaba, ohlangene noLadoga Lake. Kuyinto isiphuzo esithambile, esiphundu, ofanele abahloniphekile.

Vodka "Beluga"

"Beluga" yi-vodka ye-premium. Lokhu kuphuza kungabizwa okunye okusemandleni ethu emashalofini ethu. Vodka "Beluga", okubunjwa kwayo kungabizwa ngokuthi kuhle, kuqukethe uju wemvelo, ukukhishwa ubisi thistle kanye ne-oatmeal. Yenziwe ngomoya omuhle kakhulu wokunethezeka namanzi avela emithonjeni yobuciko. Thela lesi siphuzo ngamabhodlela aseFrance. I-specimen ngayinye ihlotshiswe ngesibonakaliso ngendlela yenhlanzi ehlanganiswe nesitoreji esingenakufudumala, esingokwemvelo.

Ukukhetha imimoya eqinile, ukhethe imikhiqizo ephezulu kuphela. Futhi khumbula ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-vodka kuholela emiphumeleni engaphenduki.