Ubani owayenguLeonardo da Vinci, izimfihlo zemidwebo yakhe

Ubuntu balobu buhlakani buvusa izingqondo zesintu isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu. Futhi namuhla abantu bayaqhubeka bezibuza ukuthi ngubani uLeonardo da Vinci. Eyaziwa ngemisebenzi yakhe emihle kanye nezentuthuko zakamuva zobunjiniyela, wakhipha isikhathi esaphila kuso. Sekudlulile iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-500 kusukela ekufeni komdali omkhulu, kodwa igama lakhe lihlale libonisa isithakazelo esijulile ezinsukwini zethu. Ososayensi bacwaninga ama-biography kanye nemisebenzi yomsunguli, bathi akunakwenzeka ukumboza izinga le-Renaissance titanium. Ukuba yinganekwane empilweni, i-da Vinci iyisimo esingenakutholakala ezweni lethu.

I-biography ye-genius

Okokuqala sizojwayelana nomnikazi ohlakaniphile, owashiya izimfihlakalo eziningi. Ukuze siqonde uhlobo lweqhawe laso sonke isikhathi, sizokwazi ukuthi uLeonardo da Vinci uyini. Ngokufushane kuzochazwa kulesi sihloko.

Le ndoda eyingqayizivele yazalwa ngo-1452. Akukaziwa ukuthi ngubani unina, kanti ubaba, owaqaphela indodana yakhe, akazange amthathe kuye iminyaka emine.

Umfana wayenemfundo enhle, nakuba, njengoba uLeonardo ngokwakhe ekhulume, kwakungavumelekile. Kusukela esemncane uye wamangaza wonke umuntu ngethalenta lakhe, futhi kukhona umdwebo owaziwayo wesikhuni sezinkuni lapho umntwana osemusha eveza uMdusa Gorgon onamandla kakhulu, owamangaza labo abakuzungezile ngobuqiniso. Manje ikhophi yalo msebenzi, eyenziwe nguCaravaggio, igcinwa emnyuziyamu waseFrance. Ubaba, obonile imininingwane enhle yendodana yakhe, unquma ukuthi kudingeka adalwe, futhi unike ingane ukuba ifunde kuFlorence kumngani wakhe, uVerccchio odumile. Kusukela kulo mzuzu uqala isigaba esisha empilweni kaLeonardo da Vinci, umsebenzi wakhe ushiye uphawu oluphawulekayo kwezobuciko nesayensi. Kumele ngithi ithalenta le nsizwa yaziswa, futhi emva kokuba uthisha ebona isithombe selosi eyenziwa ngumfundi, akasasaphinde ahlasele ezandleni zakhe.

Isikhathi esisha empilweni

Yiqiniso, akubona bonke abaqaphele ukudala kwekhono le nkosi encane, ecasulayo ngoba engamenyiwe ukusebenza eVatican njengabanye abaculi. Kanjalo iphetha isikhathi se-Florentine futhi entsha iqala.

I-da Vinci ecasulayo ishukuthela eMilan, idolobha lezimboni, lapho abantu abaqanjiwe behlala khona, kodwa abadwebi, bemi ngokuqinile ezinyaweni zabo. Le nsizwa ithola imenenja yebhizinisi uL. Sforza futhi icela ukuba ihlonishwe, ikhulume kuqala kuyo yonke imibono yakhe yobunjiniyela, hhayi imfanelo yobuciko. U-Ludovic akaphiki insizwa enhle umsebenzi wakhe okwamanje owafakazela ukuthi wayengumakhi wezinkolelo.

Esikhathini saseMilan kubonakala amaphrojekthi amangazayo ezindiza, emishini, ekhiyekile, emigodini, ezigayini, zonke izinto ezintsha, kodwa akekho ozithathele ukuzisebenzisa. Futhi ngisho nezingqondo ezikhanyisiwe, ukuhlonipha ngobuqotho ithalenta elingathandabuzeki lomdwebi, akazange aziqonde izinto zakhe, okwakubonakala kungenangqondo ngaleso sikhathi.

Ubuhlakani obathonya isiko

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XV, inkosi ibuyele eFlorence, lapho omunye wemisebenzi engavamile kakhulu, okwenza kube khona ukuphikisana kwabososayensi, "i-La Gioconda". I-masterpiece eyinhloko, eyamakhulu eminyaka eyashiyile ababukeli abangenandaba nabalandeli bezembali zobuciko, yaba nethonya elikhulu emphakathini wobuciko bomhlaba. UDa Vinci ngokwakhe akazange ahlanganyele nokudalwa kwakhe, futhi ukuphepha kwalokhu kuze kube phakade, kufanele sibe neNkosi uFrancis I, owathenga isithombe esivela kumuntu oguga nokulahlekelwa impilo.

Ngomnyaka we-1519, inhliziyo ye-Italy ehlakaniphile, ogama layo laluthola isikhathi sakhe, liyeka (kwenzeke eFrance), futhi yonke imisebenzi nemibhalo yesandla kudlulisela komunye wabafundi bakhe.

Umuntu noma cha?

Ifa lomdali omkhulu kakhulu lihlolisiswa ngokucophelela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, futhi isibalo esivelele ngokomlando esinomsebenzi omningi wesikhathi eside siyobhekwa njengento ekahle engatholakali.

Ngesikhathi sokuphila komsunguli onesizungu, akekho nemibono yakhe eyafinyelelwa, kodwa uma, njengoba ososayensi bakholwa, ngisho nomqondo owodwa wehlakaniphiwe waqalwa, inqubekela phambili yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe yaqala kakhulu. Ngakho wayengubani uLeonardo da Vinci? Ukuba nesipho somlingo sokubona kwangaphambili kwe-Renaissance titan kwakuthiwa ngumlumbi futhi wayengathandi kakhulu ukuhlukahluka kwakhe okuyingqayizivele. Inkosi engaqondakaliyo, owachitha isikhathi esiningi ekuqalisweni okungajwayelekile, esabisa abantu besidolobhana, ababeyibheka njengomthakathi owenza isivumelwano noDeveli ngokwakhe.

Wenze izinto ezimangalisayo, okusolakala ukuthi ukhonza umlingo omnyama. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi umuntu ovamile akanakwazi ukuba nekhono, futhi uLeonard waphula zonke izinkolelo ezijwayelekile futhi ngaphandle kwalokho kwakunamandla kakhulu ngokomzimba. Akabonanga izimpawu zezingaphandle, wabeka idayari, lapho ekhuluma khona nawe, nalabo abafunda amarekhodi, kubonakala sengathi kwakukhona abantu ababili engqondweni, omunye wabo owayehola isiNtaliyane.

Umboni

Izimfihlo zikaLeonardo da Vinci zahlala ziyimfihlakalo, ngoba akekho owaziyo ukuthi ingcweti ingasungula kanjani ingxube yegesi umuntu angakwazi ukuzicwilisa ngokujulile, ngoba ngenxa yalokhu wayezodinga ulwazi lwezinto eziphilayo, kanti isayensi enjalo ngaleso sikhathi yayingekho.

UDa Vinci wabona ngaphambili ikusasa futhi waphumelela kulokhu. "Iziprofetho" Zakhe, ezenziwe ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XV, zitshele izenzakalo ezenzeka ezinsukwini zethu. Nguye owamtshela ukuthi amabhomu azoshiya ama-funnels azokwehliswa phansi, abantu bayodonsa nge-parachute bese bekhuluma efonini, futhi ku-figure, ebizwa ngokuthi "Ukuphela Kwezwe", izici ze-fungus i-athomu zilandelwa ngokucacile.

Amandla angaphezu kwamandla

Abalandeli besayensi ye-esoteric bambheka ukuthi uyisithunywa seShambhala, oye wakha amakhono emimoya. I-Florentine yayilawula imizwa yakhe ngokucophelela kangangokuthi yayinesimo sengqondo. Abantu besikhathi sakhe bambuza ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi ngubani uLeonardo da Vinci, ngoba wayengathandeki abantu abavamile. I-lonely genius yayingenabo abangane nomndeni, futhi ukuxhumana nezihlobo kwaphela. Awukho nobufakazi bezindaba zothando ezingahle zikhanyise umlingisi womdali. Kwaye kwakungekho into enjengebusuku, ngoba walala imizuzu engu-15 njalo emahoreni amane, ukunciphisa ukulala kwansuku zonke.

Izindwangu ze-self-portrait

ULeonard da da Vinci (isithombe sokudweba kwakhe kuqinisekisa lokhu) akazange ashiye isignesha yakhe embukisweni wakhe, kodwa neze isibonakaliso esivelele-inyoni ehamba phezulu, efanekisela ubuntu obanikezelwe. Ngisho ne-self-portrait kaDa Vinci ibangela ukuphikisana okuningi. Ababukeli baqaphela umuntu osekhulile, obonakalayo ahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi i-angle engxenyeni yekhamera, lokhu kungabonakala ngisho nasezithombeni ezithathwe ema-angles ahlukene, nokudlala nge-video ngokuhamba. Kodwa ochwepheshe bezobuciko bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuyisikwele senhloko yomphostoli kusukela "eSidlweni Sekugcina".

Imfihlo yezithombe zikaLeonardo da Vinci

I-master yenze inqubo ekhethekile yokubhala imidwebo, lapho izinto eziboniswayo zingabonakali zicacile, kodwa ziyinkimbinkimbi, ngaphandle kwemingcele ebonakalayo. Isimiso se-sfumato (ukusabalalisa) sivumela umbukeli ukuba avuse iphutha futhi aqaphele indlela le-canvas evuselela ngayo. Inkosi ngokwayo yayifake igumbi layo ngomusi futhi yakhuthaza amathalenta amancane ukuthi le ndlela iqhutshwe ekudwebeni.

Umdumo owaziwa ngokuthi "Mona Lisa", okufanayo "La Gioconda", uLeonardo da Vinci wabhalwa kule nqubo, futhi isici esiyinhloko salesi sithombe sisesimweni sokumomotheka okwesifazane, lapho kubonakala sengathi umfokazi ongaziwa uphakamisa izingxenyana zezindebe zakhe, ezishintsha ubuso bakhe.

Ososayensi abanesithakazelo kulolu daba benza ucwaningo lwekhompyutha futhi bathola ukuthi ukumemeza kuka Mona Lisa kubonisa injabulo, ukuzizwa ngenyanya, ukwesaba nokuthukuthela ngesikhathi esisodwa. Abanye abacwaningi baqiniseka: ukungabikho kwamashiya kubangela umphumela onjalo. Kukhona enye inguqulo, ngokusho ukuthi ukumomotheka kuyithinteka yini ngoba kuyi-range low-frequency of light.

Umuntu wesifazane ovezwe ngendwangu ukhathazeka nezingqondo zesosayensi. Abaningi abathandanga ukucabanga ukuthi lo mculi ubhekene noFrancesco Giocondo, umkakhe womthengisi wesilika waseFlorence. Phakathi kwezinguqulo zokuqala ziveze ezimbalwa: ngokusho komunye, i-da Vinci wazibhalela izambatho zabesifazane, enye ithi lokhu yisifanekiso somfundi onomfundi oneminyaka engu-26 ubudala.

Izimpawu eziyimfihlo ezibhalisiwe

Ehlelwe eFilan fresco "Isidlo Sokugcina" sikaLeonardo da Vinci, eminyakeni engaba ngu-500 kamuva, inesithakazelo esikhulu kubacwaningi abazama ukucacisa izimpawu eziyimfihlo zobungcweti. Esithombeni, equkethe imilayezo eminingi ezizukulwaneni, ulimi lwezandla, olufundwa ngabalingisi bezobuciko, luhlelwe kahle. Isithombe esibheke odongeni lwezindela sithumela umzuzu lapho uJesu etshela ukuthi omunye wabaphostoli abahlezi uzomkhaphela.

Ngokumangazayo, ngenxa yesithombe sikaKristu noJudasi, umuntu ofanayo wayebukeka, kuphela ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene zokuphila kwakhe. Insizwa eyayiphefumulelwe futhi ihlabelela kuhlaywe yashaya umculi ukuthi waqonda ngokushesha: ukuhlelwa kokuhle kwatholakala. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva uDa Vinci wathola isidakwa emgodini, lapho isithombe sikaJuda sabhalwa khona. Njengoba kwenzeka kamuva, kwakungumuntu ofanayo, futhi leli qiniso lifakazela ukuthi okuhle nokubi ekuphileni kuhlale kuseduze.

Isithupha sesandla sokunene sikaKristu sithinta indwangu yesibhakela, kanti abanye bakhuliswa-isenzo sokuzisola nokudabuka abanye abaculi abaqala ukuwasebenzisa emsebenzini wabo. UJuda, ebopha isikhwama sakhe ngesandla sakhe sokunene, uphonsa ngakwesobunxele phezu kosawoti usawoti - uphawu lwezinkinga ebuKristwini. Futhi uPetru, ovukayo, uqeda intukuthelo, futhi ngesizathu esihle uyaphoqa ummese esandleni sakhe, afuna ukujezisa umthengisi ozayo.

I-hypothesis eyithakazelisayo ngabacwaningi abathi i-da Vinci ikhombise phakathi kwabaphostoli: njengoba kubonakala kuningi, nguThadede, ohlezi ngemuva kwakhe kuKristu. Njengoba kunikezwe umbono wama-kaNkulunkulu womculi, le nguqulo ibonakala ibonakala.

Kumele kukhulunywe ukuthi phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili igobolondo yafika esakhiweni sesonto, eyayiqothula konke ngaphandle kodonga ngamafresco.

"Madonna" nguLeonardo da Vinci

Umsebenzi othinta kakhulu wase-Italy ubonisa amandla we talenta lakhe, futhi umfanekiso wesifazane ongokomoya nomama onakekelayo ungenye yezintandokazi zenkosi. Umdwebo, obizwa ngokuthi "Madonna Litta," manje useHermitage, futhi noma ubani angajabulela ithalenta lomdwebi ohlakaniphile.

Isici esiyinhloko somsebenzi, esibhaliwe hhayi ngamafutha, kodwa nge-tempera, imibala egcwele imibala ephakamisa imizwa ekhanyayo. Futhi ingemuva, ebanjwe ebumnyameni, kuyadingeka ukwenza ubuso bukaMama kaNkulunkulu buvele ngokucacile ukuthi buhlangabezane nombukeli.

Umama, umntwana okhulelwe, ubonisa ubuhle obuhle besifazane, kanti ubuciko obungunaphakade buye basithinta iminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu, okusho ukuphatha kahle komlobi.

Ukwakhiwa okuvaliwe kuvulwa umbono wengane kaKristu, futhi lokhu kungenye indlela yokubethela. UNkulunkulu, obheka abantu, uthembisa ukuba njalo abaseduze nabo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi umdali wayevame ukuthenga izinyoni ezimakethe futhi azivumele ukuba aphume esibhakabhakeni, ngakho akuzange kwenzeke ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi wabeka ingane ingqongqoza ngesandla esisodwa. Umdwebi uqinisekisile ukuthi akukhona nje ukuthola ubisi lomama, kodwa ukudla okungokomoya, nomphefumulo wenyoni ukukopisha umphefumulo womuntu.

Ukudweba - umsebenzi wesayensi

Akudumile kakhulu ukuthi kukhona umuntu we- Vitruvian, lapho inkosi egcizelela khona umbono wemvelo nokulinganisa izibalo. Umsebenzi awuyona nje imidwebo, kodwa futhi wonke umsebenzi wesayensi.

Ivela kwamanye amazwe?

Ubuntu bomboni ongavamile, kusengaphambili, namuhla lubukeka ngokumangalisayo njengoba kwakunamakhulu eminyaka adlule. Kodwa-ke, asikwazi ukusho ukuthi ngubani uLeonardo da Vinci ngempela. Ekumangazwe ngethalenta lakhe eliningi, le Italy ithole umthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni impucuko yethu, ngakho-ke ingxabano engapheli ngokuthi ngabe uyindoda noma umhambi ohamba isikhathi esivela esikhathini esizayo futhi wabelana ngezimfihlo ezibalulekile nathi uyohlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu.