Ubani owabhala "Mumu"? Indaba "Mumu" Turgenev

"Mumu" - omunye edume kunazo imisebenzi Turgenev. Nokho, akubona bonke uyazi ngakho. Cha, hhayi mayelana ncwadi kanye ngokuthi ubani wabhala "Mumu". Isihloko ehlinzekwe ngezansi kuzoxoxwa ngakho ngokuningiliziwe njengoba umkhiqizo wona futhi umlobi wayo. Kubafundi uzothola: Biography Turgenev, okuqukethwe kanye lelandzisako ukuhlaziywa, kanye nencazelo yalesi.

"Mumu" Umbhali

It kuvela ukuthi naphezu udumo okuxoxwe imisebenzi, akubona bonke uyazi owabhala "Mumu". Wonke umuntu uyazi Gerasim nenja yakhe, wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi kwenzekani kuze kube sekugcineni, futhi sibonga kubani. Kodwa akubona bonke abantu bangakhumbula esikoleni, owabhala "Mumu" - imisebenzi ezaziwayo. Indaba adalwe akekho omunye ngaphandle umbhali Russian Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev.

Biography Turgenev

Luphinde ewusizo ukwazi ukuthi luhlobo luni lwendoda kwaba nombhali "Mumu" indaba. Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev wazalelwa emzini orel, 28 Okthoba (noma Novemba 9) e 1818 futhi wafa ngo-Bougival, okuyinto etholakala eduze Paris, 22 Agasti (noma Septhemba 3), 1883rd, waphila iminyaka engu-64 egcwele. Naphezu indawo sokufa kwakhe, umlobi ungcwatshwe namanje eRussia, okungukuthi - Petersburg ku volkov emathuneni.

Turgeneva unina Umninindawo ocebile nobaba kwakungezesizwana lwemindeni ngendlela yakudala zasebukhosini. Nokho, umfana ngokushesha wazonda serfdom. Lapho Ivan eneminyaka engu-9, nomkhaya wakhe bathuthela e-Moscow, lapho lo mfana wafundela abafundisi e boarding izindlu zangasese kuze 1833, aze angena omunye umnyango laseMoscow etemibhalo. Ngemva konyaka, Turgenev kuhanjiswe ku Petersburg, lapho wathuthela Umlando kolimi.

imidwebo yakhe yokuqala - ke izinkondlo - Turgenev wanquma ukubonisa 1836, uprofesa waseyunivesithi Pletnev. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, ngo-"Contemporary" wanyathelisa ezimbili esankondlo Ivan Sergeyevich - "Venus Meditsiyskoy" futhi "Kusihlwa."

Lapho umkhiqizo zivela?

Turgenev upende biography kungaba eside kakhulu, kodwa thina namanje nesithakazelo indaba ethile - "Mumu". Umbhali inezinto eziningi ngaleso sikhathi imisebenzi eshicilelwe Kwakuphakathi nokuloba wobuciko yakhe edumile in'll uhambe. Zonke ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi wabhala impendulo ukuthi lihlotshaniswa kokufa Gogol, ababengawathandi neziphathimandla, okuyiwona asusa Turgenev kude. Kwaba ngo-Ephreli 1852nd.

izibonelo ezisemqoka ukuze asekele imisebenzi

ngezansi nje isifinyezo anikezwe "Mumu" kulabo noma angazange alifunde indaba, noma akukhohlwe lokho ayeyikho. Wonke umuntu uyakhumbula kuphela okushiwo: Gerasimos waminza inja yakhe, kodwa ngaphansi kwezimo lo muntu uzokwazi ukukhumbula bonke. Ngakho izibonelo ezisemqoka ukuze asekele.

Gerasim - indoda yisithulu yisimungulu ngaphakathi phelele ngilichawe ngenxa ekukhuleni kwayo okukhulu kodwa ungamandla amakhulu - ngandlela-thile bakhangwa senkosikazi yayo, futhi wathatha-ke naye ukusebenza lakwakhe. Naphezu ukunqikaza, umlinyana kwakungasekho okunye kodwa ukuze alwe Umninindawo ocebile, Akaphindanga ilungelo, kodwa ngoba maduze sathuthela edolobheni, lapho umsebenzi uye waba mncane kakhulu. Nokho, lona wamuva wacasuka kuphela indoda abazikhandlayo ilungele alime izinsuku ukuphela, ephumula kuphela ukuze ukulala.

Bonke abantu Gerasimos wesaba ngenxa ukubukeka kwayo abanamusa. Nokho, lokhu akubavimbeli indoda wa ngaphakathi thanda nga kungaqhamuka intombazane enhle nesizotha okuthiwa Tatiana. Gerasim ngezikhathi wasondela ethandekayo, yena wamomotheka wenza izipho ezincane enhle. Lokho kubanika, akazange nawe usabele ngendlela efanayo, futhi iningi esatshwe ka Gerasim, njengawo wonke umuntu, ngisho noma yena wayevela ke kahle kakhulu. Omunye iphutha ukushada inkosikazi isidakwa sendawo - Kapitona Klimova, - ukuze ayibulale ukuluthwa utshwala ngosizo uthando lowesifazane. Futhi yena wakhetha umlingani wakhe ukuphila - ukuthi ngengozi - Tatiana. indlu yomshado ngokushesha kudlalwa, futhi namanje kamuva (Ngemva konyaka) yena nomyeni wakhe washiya umuzi.

Uma Gerasim wahambisana emfuleni futhi waphawula ukuthi ukhona umuntu usenkingeni odakeni eduze nogu. Lomuntu wabheka eduze futhi waqaphela ukuthi bekuyingelosi puppy kancane. Gerasim wawuthatha yena, wathola kungcono intombazane, abizwa kanjalo Mumu wakhe, ngoba akukho okunye ukusho, akukho ayengakwenza.

A lonke nyaka uye waphila inja ngaso inkosi yakhe entsha. Ezikuthandayo nomunye emangalisayo iboshelwe. Mumu isibe ezinhle, inja nabanomusa, ngempela obuhlakani inethiwekhi Yesikhashana watshengisa bonke abantu ngenhlonipho, kodwa uthando Gerasimos wedwa. Lokho kubanika, wamphatha bucishe bulingane njengoba kumama kuya enganeni yabo.

Ngolunye usuku, lapho lo wesifazane ajabule, labona inja egcekeni, ukuthi uququde amathambo. Yena luhlelwe ngokushesha ukuletha psinka, okuyinto, by the way, kuqala eyamkhanga. Mumu alethwe egumbini ladies, kodwa hhayi esetshenziswa zhivotinka nokwesaba yonke into, ngakho-ke cishe ruble yazuza udonse isandla sakhe wesifazane. Angry intokazi, ngaphambilini ukususa wakhe kusukela ngaqala ukuphila inja enolaka. Ngemva kokuchitha ubusuku obubodwa zokugcina lona wesifazane wabalisa ukuze umphathizitsha UGavrilă ukuthi Mumu kabavumelanga ubuthongo wakhe, yini more, banayo egcekeni isivele ine eyodwa inja endala, isihogo ke enye isilwane? Futhi ngaphambilini lady ukususa inja kusukela buthule.

Abantu kwenziwe umsebenzi, kodwa ngokushesha waqala emuva inja kumniniyo, eyayinecilongo indawo uqobo ayitholakali. Ngathola mayelana le nkosazana, uthukuthele kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili, futhi bayalwa ukuba balahle inja. Futhi Gerasim ngaphezulu okokuqala sabona ukuthi akuwona nje Mumu limukile, ngakho lapho babe abangaphansi umphefumulo inja, kusho (wembula), ukuthi wayengeke uzombulala. Ngempela, Gerasim eyenziwa wakhe Darling emfuleni ngakho-ke waminza.

Ngemva isenzo esenziwa umuntu waqoqa izimpahla zawo wahamba ngesinyenyela kulo muzi. Inenekazi kwaba ukulahlekelwa ecasukile enjalo wamemeza abangaphansi Bathi Namanje abaningi abasiqondi futhi kwakungekho umyalo wokuba kubulawe inja. kamuva Gerasimos ezitholakala endaweni yakubo uqobo, kodwa lona wesifazane awabuyelanga ke, kubhekwe ngabongi. Futhi Ngachitha konke ukuphila kwakhe indoda e izwe lazo lendabuko. Hhayi uma ayisaxhunyanisiwe waqala inja, ungalokothi akabange esabheka ngesikhathi abesifazane kuphela basebenza ngokuzikhandla.

Ukuhlaziya umkhiqizo

"Mumu" - indaba nje kuphela mayelana kanzima ongumlimi ukuphila lapho umuntu ngamunye ebugqileni ukufeza noma iyiphi oda ivela "phezulu", kodwa futhi umusa nothando futhi munyu ukulahlekelwa. Ngezansi izithombe Gerasim kanye abesifazane, kanye agumenti ku okumqoka, hhayi ihlushwe omunye umfundi.

Isithombe senkosikazi yayo

Ayikwazi dengwane main anti-hero umsebenzi. Ngakho, kuyini - ukuthini owesifazane? Kungani-ke kubangela umfundi umuzwa oqinile ukungathandi?

Okokuqala, le ntokazi nabangenaluthando. Akwaziwa uma wayekade Wazile ngezingcindezi imizwa Gerasimos Tatiana, kuthiwa isebenze kule, kodwa zinikezwe isivinini ngawo amahemuhemu ucambalele yonke indawo, kulula ukuqagela ukuthi cishe wayeqaphela konke. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ayekwazi ukuthi ukuhlanganisa uxhumano nomsebenzisi abasebenzi bayo inja, kodwa namanje wanikeza oda unonya.

Okwesibili, le ntokazi uyaphindisela futhi elimazayo. mayelana inja ukubulala isinqumo ufike engqondweni kuphela ngemva Mumu cishe yenhlwathi wakhe. Ngenxa yalokhu, owesifazane ngaphambilini ukususa inja. Akukhona yini lokhu rancor? Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ntokazi bezenza iphatheka kabi ngenxa sebekhathele ukukhonkotha kwazo. Eqinisweni, kusobala-ke akuyona kangaka esazithukuthelisa barking njengoba inja uqobo.

Okwesithathu, le ntokazi zobugovu. Wayefuna abanaye egcekeni kwaba umfana ehloniphekile abazikhandlayo - wamletha. Wayefuna abantu ababili, hhayi nice nomunye, zashada - sicela. Waqaphela ukuthi indoda wayeshonelwe ngenxa oda zabo - yena abasolwa bonke abantu bayo hhayi yena, ethi akazange acele le ukubulala inja. Izibonelo eziningi, kodwa zonke kuyacaca ukuthi inkosikazi ukukhathazeka kuphela imizwa yabo, ubugovu, yena Awunandaba lonke.

isithombe Gerasimos

Laliyini leli ongumlimi angadle ngabuhle obutheni?

Okokuqala, ezinhle futhi uyakwazi imizwa ngobuqotho. Naphezu sina nobumbi moguchest ezisabekayo ukuze abantu abaseduze kwabo, Gerasim njalo wahlala iqhawe omuhle. Kuyinto the best sikhombisa i-isiqephu inja wokutakula. ikhono bakhe ukuthanda isobala; kungumnikelo isamba ehloniphekile isikhathi enakekela Tatiana, kodwa wayesaba ngaye, wanamathelana le Mumu ezingaphezu kuka kunoma ubani omunye.

Okwesibili, fair futhi evulekile, bakwazi ukuba agcine isithembiso sakhe. Ake sikhonjiswa kuphela okwamanje lapho ngemva ezithembisa ukuze ungawuzwa inja ngempela, kodwa ukwahlulela yibo bonke abantu, bonke ngothi lwabo babeqiniseka ukuthi Gerasim akazange ukudanisa. Banjengemafu Kwasekubikwa ukuthi uma le ndoda yathi - ke ukukwenza.

Okwesithathu, bekhuthele, eqinile futhi bekhuthele. Ukudlulela edolobheni akakuthandanga lokho okwakushiwo ekuqaleni kwakungeyona ngenxa yokuthi umuzi kuyodingeka ukuba siphinde siphile phakathi kwabantu, kodwa ngenxa yokuntuleka omningi. Gerasim esetshenziswa ukusebenza kanzima, eqinisweni, ethanda ukukwenza. Yonke enye into, sengibuyile kule ndawo yakubo, wenza lutho ukuthi wasebenza.

Gerasim Kunganjani esithathwa inja?

Ngokuqinisekile abantu abaningi wazibuza ngemva kokufunda lo mbuzo. Ngempela, ingxenye umfundi, okukhiphayo ibonakala isobala - thatha inja naye, njengoba ngangiya ushiye inkosikazi noma kunjalo finicky. Kungani Gerasim owenzé lokhu? Awuzange yakuthanda Mumu? Turgenev nje bahlekise umfundi? Nokho, akubona bonke ngakho elula.

Kuyo yonke umkhiqizo Gerasimus okuthile sintula. Ngokuvamile, akwenza ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni indoda khulula, nomlimi, kodwa ngemva kokuhlangana ne konke senkosikazi luyindida kakhulu.

Okokuqala, ndawo yakubo. Gerasim eyayimthanda, ethanda alime ezine, ethanda ukuba unamathele, ziyisiqalekiso, konke wanelisekile ngokuphelele. Nokho, nge kusungulwa "ubuholi" esisha esasinalo ukuphuma endaweni yakubo kuze bomdabu, lapho indoda enamathiselwe ngempela.

Okwesibili, Tatiana. Le ntombazane is hhayi nje bathandile Gerasim wayesemathuneni uthando naye. Mhlawumbe lena omele lokuqala isigamu enhle lwesintu, okuyinto "fuse" umuntu wethu abanesibindi kancane. Kodwa bancishwa lady Gerasimos, abanikeze ukwesula prude we Boozer wendawo.

Okwesithathu, kakhulu i-Mumu. Gerasim ebathandayo emadolobheni amaningi kanye Tatiana. Wanamathelana zhivotinku kangangokuba waze wayeselulungele yakhe eningi. Kodwa kwakungaba yini? Kunjalo, futhi ukuthi inhlanhla ntokazi bancishwa indoda.

Umbhali umsebenzi "Mumu" ebonisa ukuthi yonke into-ke Gerasim sasihlobene, futhi bonke ukuthi uyamthanda ngempela, landizela esihogweni. Ngokuqinisekile le ndoda yaqaphela ukuthi imizwa yakhe okuthile noma othile ukuze bambeke sengozini. Wayazi ukuthi wayengeke abe phakathi kwabaphilayo uma Mumu uyasinda. Gerasim eyayimthanda, ngempela abantu ababathandako abanganamlandu, kodwa akakwazanga ukuhamba ekhaya, ngoba le ntokazi wayengeke aphumule kuze kube yilapho hhayi wabulala wazonda inja. Kungenxa yokuthi lokhu ke akekho omunye wayengakaze uqale, yingakho yena ayisekho benaka abesifazane ukubuyela ekhaya yakubo - wayengafuni ukuphinda isipiliyoni imizwa uthando uthando, futhi kube sengozini. Kuyinto ezinzima, kungcono ezinzima, kodwa ngomqondo Gerasim wayenza okulungile.

Lutsandvo - okubi

Ngokusekelwe kulokhu okungenhla, it is mbono, abantu kufanele beze. Mhlawumbe okunamathiselwe - kungcono embi ngempela. Ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa abalimi, ngoba asikwazi ukukhohlwa ngalokho isikhathi yabhalwa indaba, ngakho owaziwa namuhla. "Mumu" - umsebenzi efakazela ukuthi abavamile, abantu abampofu iyingozi kakhulu ukuba ziyabathanda into noma othile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile kakhulu, hhayi kuphela nabahlupheki bazabalaze.

Ukwenza kube lula ukukuqonda, ungakwazi ukunikeza isibonelo ngaphezulu yesimanje. Indlela yokwenza ifilimu lapho izingane noma abanye abathandekayo ukuthatha abathunjwa ngomhlatjelo noma ezinye ukusebenza noma iziphi izimfuneko? Abaningi. Bonke ukukhombisa kahle ukuthi abantu abangazange siboshwe - owesifazane, ingane noma isilwane - kwenza kuye ababuthakathaka, sengozini, ukuzilwela lapho sibhekene nabanye. Labo babe muntu, namandla kunomFilisti kwezinye ngokuya zokuziphatha. Sinenkosi ubuthakathaka, abanalutho ukulahlekelwa.

Yiqiniso, umuntu akakwazi uphike ukubaluleka abathandekayo ezimpilweni zethu. Ngaphandle kwawo, yimuphi omunye ngeke be bored, izizwe inesizungu futhi kanzima. Nokho, uma umuntu usebenza abantu esiyingozi bayakwazi ukwenza izenzo ezimbi ngenxa yethonya zabo nebudlelwano bawo, kudingeka baqaphe kakhulu ngothando lwakho siqu.

Turgenev futhi "Mumu"

Kuleli zwe lanamuhla, cishe wonke umuntu uyazi umkhiqizo. Nokho, ngokuvamile igama call angasho lutho, bese linezela ngokuthi "Gerasim futhi Mumu." Umbhali, naphezu isibalo esingangaleso elincane Amakhasi, lidlulisela kahle ubutha lakhe serfdom, wezwakalisa njengoba zobugovu senkosikazi ome njengeqanda futhi baphoqwa ukuba athumele ukuba "abaphathi" ongumlimi. Nokho, abantu zanamuhla kanje umsebenzi kuphela ngoba kwenza ukuvumela izinyembezi.

Ngempela, abantu abaningi abatadisha indaba "Mumu" Turgenev esikoleni ukukhala kwesokudla ekilasini ngenxa ukuzidabukela kwanoma iyiphi inja abangenacala. Yeka indida ukudalelwa - pitomitsy yakhe Gerasim Spas kusukela emfuleni, bese endaweni efanayo futhi abulawe. Ngempoqo uvakashele umqondo wokuthi isiphetho azibanga nakho ukuphunyula. Kulendaba, ngokusobala, Mumu wayemiselwe ukuba afele emanzini, futhi wangisiza kokuqala ukuhlehlisa ukufa kuphela.

isiphetho

Ngakho, manje uyazi ukuthi ubani owabhala "Mumu", yini umbhali ayifake umsebenzi wakhe. Yiqiniso, kungenzeka ukuthi kwakuhlukile, futhi asho ukuthini ngempela sihluke ngokuphelele, kodwa inguqulo ngamunye unelungelo khona. "Mumu" Turgenev wabhala, ehlezi ebhadla ejele, kodwa lokuthunjwa, futhi indaba uye wathola olufanele - esindayo, sina futhi ongasoze.