Tsunami Japan: Ubangela, Ngemiphumela futhi isisulu

Isikhathi esining impela, umlando usibonise abantu indlela ayikho into esingayenza lapho kuziwa ezinhlekeleleni zemvelo. Abaningi yezinhlekelele abikezela, ngeshwa, akunakwenzeka. Yilokho kanye okwenzeka-tsunami eJapane, okuyinto okwabulala izinkulungwane zabantu ngo-2011.

Umhlaba ingozi

On emaphethelweni eMpumalanga Asia, kukhona zwe elincane isiqhingi. insimu yalo siqukethe ezingaphezu kuka-6,000 iziqhingi sezintaba-mlilo. Umhlaba wonke uhlezi phezu isimiso Ring of Fire. Kuyinto kule ngxenye kukhona okuningi ukuzamazama komhlaba. Ososayensi sinqume ukuthi 10% cataclysms global eziphathelene nalesi simo, okuyinto eyenzeka ngasogwini Japanese.

Nsuku zonke, izwe iyahlupheka kusukela ukundindizela. Ngokuvamile, ngoba ngawo kanye unyaka, leli zwe bangafeza iziteleka mayelana 1,500. Iningi lazo ziphephile, njengoba uhla kusuka 4 kuya ku-6 amaphuzu ku esikalini sikaRichter. Ngokuvamile, lapho leli gagasi ayiyona ingozi nasemizini yabo ephezulu liphumele izakhiwo, nezindonga ezinkulu kanye eliphezulu can ngokulambisa nyakazisa. iphuzu ezibucayi kuleli zwe ezisukela amaphuzu 7 noma ngaphezulu. ubukhulu bale amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba ne ubukhulu 9, umiselwe ngesikhathi kudlula i-tsunami eJapane ngo-2011.

amakhasi omlando

Manje isimo kunezintaba-mlilo ezingaba mayelana 110. Imisebenzi ezinye zazo ngezikhathi ezithile kuholela izinto ezizwisa ubuhlungu. Ngokwesibonelo, e-ukuzamazama komhlaba 1896, isibalo sabantu amandla okuyinto kwafinyelela ezingeni 7.2 ezidlula okubangelwa yi-tsunami. Khona-ke ukuphakama wokuzuliswa lalingamathalenta 38 amamitha. Elementi umangalele 22,000 izimpilo. Nokho, kwakungekhona inhlekelele esibi kunazo.

Ngo-September 1923, ngokwesilinganiso, kwakubikwa Elikhulu Kanto Earthquake, yaqanjwa esifundeni okuyinto wahlupheka kakhulu. Khona-ke wabulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-170 000.

Ngo-1995, leli zwe hit futhi. Kulokhu, lapho ukuzamazama kwaqala khona okwakuseduze layo umuzi Kobe. Iziteleka ke likhuphuka phakathi 7.3 amaphuzu. Le nhlekelele kwabulala 6500.

Kodwa yinhlekelele ethile esibi kunazo iphutha yabo kuleli ngokwezibalo zika-March 2011. I yinkimbinkimbi inhlekelele yemvelo kwakuvusa eqinisweni lokuthi lesi sikhathi ukundindizela ayehambisana kwamagagasi aphakeme. Tsunami Japan abangela ukufa zeminyaka. Amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu zafa, amakhulu ezinkulungwane basala ngaphandle amakhaya kanye amafulethi.

izinqubo zemvelo

Imbangela yengozi ukungqubuzana izingqimba ezimbili - zasePacific naseNyakatho-Okhotsk. It uhlala phezu isimo esiqhingini yesibili. Ngo inqubo ukunyakaza kwezakhi we lithosphere omkhulu kakhudlwana futhi elisindayo ocean nokucwila ngaphansi yezwekazi ingxenye. Mayelana displacement lemikhakha zenzeka Isakhiwo sazamazama, okuholela ukuzamazama komhlaba. Nokho, amandla abo iphakeme kakhulu kunanoma ngesikhathi kuqhuma intaba-mlilo.

Ngokunembile inqubo engenakwenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho , izwe is akulindelekile imithelela ne amandla 8-8.5 amaphuzu.

Ngenxa yokuba khona njalo ingozi e-Japan has izazi zokuzamazama komhlaba engcono geophysicists emhlabeni. zokucwaninga anemisila imishini yesimanje. Nakuba ochwepheshe abakwazi eside ngaphambi umthelela enobudlova ukubikezela ingozi bakwazi ukuxwayisa abantu mayelana inhlekelele.

Kusukela ngo-March 9, 2011 waqala ukuzamazama komhlaba ezincane. Tsunami lezi uthuthumele kwakungenakwenzeka. Imshini waloba imivimbo embalwa kusuka amaphuzu 6 kuya ku-7.

Isexwayiso sokuhlupheka

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, uqhekeko amapuleti uvele 373 km kusuka Tokyo. Ngalo mzuzu ngaphambi kwale nhlekelele esiqhingini imishini izazi zokuzamazama komhlaba waloba ingozi, kanye nedatha kule abangu ngokushesha idluliselwe kuzo zonke iziteshi ze-TV. Kwakuthinta ngaleyo ndlela esasindisa ukuphila kwabaningi eziningi. Kodwa wave shock ezihambayo ngesivinini 4 km / s, ngakho emva ngomzuzu nengxenye yezwe lase lisibekela komhlaba.

Sekube nezigameko eziningi push amandla ka 9.0 amaphuzu. Kwathi ngoMashi 11 ngesikhathi 14:46. Khona-ke waya amagalelo okuphindaphindiwe amandla yezokubona aphansi. Ngokuvamile, bekulokhu Ukundindizela angaphezu kuka-400 amaphuzu 4.5 kuya 7.4 ezweni lonke.

Rift amapuleti komhlaba kubangelwa-tsunami eJapane. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amagagasi zasakazekela kulo lonke izwe. Isixwayiso ngisho wathola emazweni elisogwini amazwekazi aseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika.

Employment ochwepheshe

Ngemva ukwakheka amaphutha lokuqala uqweqwe, ababikezeli bezulu waqala ukwazisa abantu ngezingozi. Izinga lokukhathazeka sibucayi kakhulu.

Ochwepheshe waveza ukuthi ukuphakama wave ukufinyelela okungenani 3 metres. Kodwa udonga amanzi emadolobheni ahlukahlukene ugu kwadingeka eziphakeme ezahlukene. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kuphela eChile, esemgwaqweni at ibanga 17,000 km ovela eJapane, zineminyaka wave ukuphakama 2 amamitha.

Ukuzamazama komhlaba okwenzeke amakhilomitha 70 kusuka ezweni iphuzu eliseduze. Ngenxa yalokho, izindawo ezazingaphansi eduze yiyo eshayeka kanzima ngenxa izenzakalo abathintekayo kuqala. Amanzi anele Amaminithi ayi-10-30 ukuze uthole ezinye zezitho ugu yezwe.

Izimangalo phansi Japanese wazizwa ngisho at 14:46. 15:12 Futhi ngosuku negagasi mayelana 7 amamitha eliphezulu safinyelela emzini Kamaishi. Khona-ke amanzi sephulwe ezindaweni, kuye ngokuthi indawo yabo ezindawo. I-tsunami aphakeme lwalotshwa Miyako esifundeni. Kube ukuphakama kwamamitha-4 kuya kwezingu-40. Leli dolobha futhi kakhulu abathintwe yinhlekelele.

amanzi nabangenasihawu

Elementi neze ushiye eyayilimele. Bonke labo abangazange ukufihla kusukela izinkinga, ngokushesha bafela maelstrom. Wall ukhukhulwe indlela izimoto zayo, imijabo, izihlahla kanye nezindlu. Abantu abangazange ephumile gibe futhi ufika endaweni ephephile, wafa phakathi doti omkhulu.

Ngenxa-tsunami eJapane, cishe ngo-530 amakhilomitha square izindawo esakhelwe up ezibhujisiwe. Enhlabathini, lapho phambi kwakukhona izindlu, izitolo kanye nemigwaqo, kwase kunendathane yezinto doti. Amanzi zakhukhula konke ngaphandle kwesisekelo.

Ngokusho idatha yakamuva, inani izisulu ngezithuba 16 000. Omunye kubantu 2,500 zisekhona washonaphi. Kwesigamu sesigidi imiphefumulo basala dengwane. Ukucinga imisebenzi baqhubeka isikhathi eside. amaqembu Ngokushesha kumiswa amavolontiya wathatha ukuhlanganisa amasosha, kanye umsebenzi wahamba National Guard. Ukuphanga abangu abantu ezingavamile futhi enesibindi ebambekile abaphuli ngokwabo.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi imisebenzi Ukufuna kwaqhubeka isikhathi eside, abaningi Awukazilondolozi. Tsunami nemiphumela zazizimbi kakhulu.

ngokubala ukulahleka

Umnotho eJapane ushayiwe kanzima yi-yinhlekelele ethile. Ngokusho ososayensi, okunomthelela ngesikhathi sokugcina oluqine kangaka ngokwezezimali izwe lithole kuphela ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. kwaphulwa Amakhulu kwamadamu. Kuphela ngemva kokuba ukulungisa emadolobheni asogwini uzokwazi uphinde uhlole. Amanye amadolobhana wageza ngokuphelele kude. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi icala lokufa 95% abantu babengenayo Isakhiwo sazamazama, okungukuthi kwamagagasi aphakeme.

Ngenxa Ukuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla okwenzeke imililo eminingi ezimbonini. Ingozi ezikulesi simila "Fukushima-1", futhi umthamo omkhulu emisebeni ukuthi sasikhipha emkhathini.

Ngokuvamile, imiphumela tsunami nokuzamazama komhlaba abiza lizwe $ 300 billion. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sayeka umsebenzi izitshalo ngobukhulu.

Yasiza ukulwa isishayo nezinye izifundazwe. South Korea lokuqala wathumela ihlukane we abatakuli, owaqala ukusebenza yokusesha.

Ngemva kwezenzakalo-March izazi zokuzamazama komhlaba kuqashelwe ukuthi isibalo sokuzamazama komhlaba okuncane lonke leli qoqo leziqhingi Japanese liye landa kakhulu.

Umsebenzi ezindaweni

izifo eziningi alethwe-tsunami eJapane ngo-2011. Uma amanzi lingasekho, esikhundleni kanye omakhelwane iyabathanda kwase kunendathane yezinto udoti. Kwakuwusuku izinsalela kwezindlu, ifenisha, izinto zasekhaya kanye nezimoto. Ukuhlanza, hlunga ubuye ususe izinsalela imizi kwadingeka ukwaba izizumbulu zemali. Udoti kwaba amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-23.

Abantu abangenamakhaya elahlala emafulethini yesikhashana. Imindeni banikwa izindlu ezincane kumagumbi elilodwa noma amabili. Ebusika kwakubanda kakhulu. Baningi abalahlekelwe imisebenzi yabo, ngakho kwadingeka ukuba zibukhoma izinkokhelo uhulumeni. Ngokuvamile, 3% yezwe kwakudinga ukulungiswa ephelele. Ezindaweni lapho amagagasi esidlule okusezingeni eliphezulu, ngasinda ngokuyisimangaliso izindlu olulodwa kuphela, kodwa okudinga ukulungiswa omkhulu.

Noma kunjalo, Japan ngemva kwe-tsunami wafika oda ngokushesha okukhulu. Ochwepheshe bathi yesigemegeme lokhu ezidlula zenzeka njalo eminyakeni 600.

umonakalo ongalungiseki imvelo futhi kubangelwa isikhungo esiphehla ugesi wenuzi. Kushisa bhé kule ndawo zone emhlabeni into ingaphezu 20 km. Kancane usule umhlaba kuphela ngokusebenzisa inqwaba iminyaka.

Lo mcimbi wehlela emlandweni-njengokuzamazama komhlaba Omkhulu East Japan.