Uhlaka lwamathambo omuntu iqoqo izakhiwo eziqinile ithambo ihlelwe akha amathambo endoda ezinye izingxenye zomzimba womuntu. Ngakho exhunywe amathambo imisipha exhunywe kwi-imisipha. Skull futhi thorax womuntu, esifundeni okhalo nesisu ezakhiwe axube imisipha ukuba amathambo fascia (zezinzwa izicubu ulwelwesi ezimboze izitho, kwakheka imithambo yegazi nezinzwa), kukhona silahla kwezitho zangaphakathi. Futhi, uzigcinele ithambo izicubu ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa yabo mechanical emathonyeni zangaphandle, futhi innervation imisipha kuholela ushintsho isikhundla amathambo namalunga yohlobo isigwedlo, kanjalo ukusebenza ukunyakaza komzimba womuntu. Ngenxa rigidity layo nokuzinza omhlaba wonke womuntu skeleton ebambe isisindo futhi uvusa ke ngaphezu komhlabathi.
Isakhiwo skeleton
Ukuze kube lula ukutadisha skeleton kunemibandela ihlukaniswe 4 izingxenye: inhloko skeleton (skull) lwamathambo omzimba, okubandakanya thorax womuntu nomgogodla, kanye amathambo endoda khulula emikhawulweni engenhla nengezansi amabhande. engenhla esitho ibhande kuhlanganisa lomshini bese ingqwababa, kanye indawo ephansi - amathambo emalungeni okhalo.
Emgogodleni yomuntu, esikhundleni salokho, has kwehlukana 5 no-4 eguqa: wesibeletho, thoracic, lumbar, sacral futhi coccyx amathambo ethe njo. Ngenxa lezi egoba yomgogodla uthatha uhlobo Latin «S», futhi lokhu isakhiwo inikezwa oqotho uhamba umuntu nokugcina yakhoibrium ngesikhathi ukunyakaza.
Anatomy of the thoracic
thorax lomuntu ukuma iphiramidi ufushanisiwe futhi esitsheni yemvelo kwenhliziyo kanye okukhulu izitsha, amaphaphu kanye kuqhoqhoqho kanye bronchi, thymus, emphinjeni kanye amaningi zamanzi. backbone Its 12 amathambo thoracic, sternum ngafaka phakathi 12 ngazimbili lwezimbambo. Umehluko phakathi amathambo thoracic ezincane articular ebusweni ku izinqubo transverse, ukuze zazo unamathisele amakhanda ubambo. Eyokuqala - umbhangqwana lwesikhombisa lwezimbambo awashintsheki ngqo sternum, ekhulwini lesishiyagalombili - okweshumi pair of emaphethelweni cartilaginous anamekwe uqwanga overlying izimbambo nemikhawulo yomhlaba ezimbili zokugcina ngazimbili amahhala. Isakhiwo ekhethekile kwesifuba womuntu, okuyi-semi ezihambayo emalungeni izimbambo ne amathambo futhi sternum uqwanga futhi kusekelwa kungaphefumuli eziyinkimbinkimbi ligamentous, sisivumele ukwandisa ngesikhathi ephefumula futhi umoya ibuyisele zizincane kakhulu uma iqhaza kule ukunyakaza zokuphefumula. Chest ingaphakathi - lesi sikhala yokwakheka elise ngaphakathi esifubeni phansi beso delimited. Njengoba nje thorax womuntu, it has izindonga ezine, okuyinto ziyaqiniswa kwemisipha fascia, ukwakha i-sangasese zokugcina. Futhi ezindongeni kukhona ukuvuleka zemvelo eziningi ze ukudlula igazi lymph nezinzwa neuropathy. Abantu ne ezahlukene ukubonakala ezahlukene izinhlobo esifubeni. Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo umzimba kunqunywa ubukhulu epigastric engela orientation izimbambo futhi ibanga elibahlukanisile.