Thikha yizinambuzane isifo rickettsial: Ukwelashwa, Izimbangela, Izimpawu

Izifo ezithathelwanayo - iqembu izimo zokucabanga okubangelwa isifo ukuthi kukhona esithathelanayo kakhulu. Lezi zifo kubangele amagciwane athile kanye amagciwane. Zonke izifo babe ezijayelekileko. Lezi zihlanganisa: Epidemiology, izindlela ukuwudlulisa ukubonakaliswa emtholampilo. Omunye kwezifo ezithathelwanayo kumane uphawu yesifo sezintwala. Kukhona izinhlobonhlobo eziningana zalesi sifo. Hlanganisa konke rickettsioses izimpawu ezifana imfiva, ukudakwa syndrome, eyinhloko cutaneous lesion semithambo kanye nomthelela. Umzila main yokudlulisela lezi zifo - athathelwana. Okuwukuthi, kusetshenziswa ukulunywa izinambuzane ezivamile ezimweni ezithile zezulu.

Incazelo ezithwalwa ricketsiosis

Thikha yizinambuzane isifo rickettsial - i zokugula ezithathelwanayo, libhekene ukubonakaliswa isikhumba, ezivamile vasculitis syndrome ne ukudakwa. Lesi sifo libhekene athathelwana by yokudlulisela. Ukuthwala izibungu ukutheleleka nezintwala. Kunezindlela eziningana ongakhetha kuzona ukugeleza rickettsial. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi pathologies uhlobo lwegciwane. Ezinye rickettsioses ezivamile asemaqeleni nethafa izindawo, kuyilapho abanye - lapho kushisa bhé. Noma kunjalo, zonke lezi pathologies abe umfanekiso ofanayo emtholampilo. isifo Suspect kungaba izimpawu sici, kanye ngenxa izici epidemiological. Indlela eyinhloko uphethwe isivivinyo serological, okuvumela ukunquma ngokunembile uhlobo lwegciwane.

Yiziphi rickettsioses?

Njengoba yaziwa, rickettsioses - iqembu elikhulu izifo. Basuke ukusakaza emhlabeni wonke. Okuvame kakhulu kunalezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

1. prowazekii Rickettsia - lokhu ejenti kubangela yesifo sezintwala. Lesi sifo wadluliselwa ezithwalwa yizinambuzane (ngokusebenzisa ukulunywa omiyane).
2. typhi Rickettsia - agent causative typhus murine. Yena wadluliselwa ukulunywa namagundane namazeze.
3. sibirica Rickettsia. Lokhu lwegciwane kubangela isifo eNorth Asian ezithwalwa isifo rickettsial.
4. burneti Rickettsia. Nge kwema- pathogen emzimbeni ekuthuthukiseni Q imfiva. Ezithathelana isifo ezithathelwanayo ngo - ngokusebenzisa ukulunywa imikhaza.
5. Rickettsia orientalis. Thanda odlule yokwahluka izifo rickettsial, lokhu zokugula is kudluliselwe kokulunywa umkhaza.

Ngaphezu lezi zifo, kukhona izifo eziningi zibangelwa zamagciwane ezahlukene lwegciwane.

izici Epidemiological izifo rickettsial

Rickettsioses azigcini kuphela uhlobo ejenti, kodwa izici epidemiological. Naphezu okwandile emhlabeni wonke, isifo ngasinye isakazeke ezindaweni ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, ubhubhane ze-typhus, obizwa nangokuthi imfiva ejele noma umkhumbi, njengoba lokhu zokugula idluliselwa ngokusebenzisa Ukulunywa izintwala ukuthi abangu esakazwa Phakathi kweziboshwa namatilosi. Isifo esifanayo, kodwa ngenxa lwegciwane Rickettsia typhi, ngokuvamile bhalisiwe e izifunda isimo sezulu esifudumele. Isikhathi esining impela butholakala ezindaweni zasemakhaya ngesikhathi sasehlobo.

Thikha yizinambuzane isifo rickettsial okwakuyinsakavukela Indawo lezi zinambuzane. Leli qembu pathologies ezithathelwanayo ezitholakala esisenyakatho ye-Asia, i-Japan, e-Australia, izindawo sezintaba. Izifo eziningi rickettsial kukhona izifo zoonotic. kwesigubhu Intermediate ukutheleleka abhekwa izilwane zasendle kanye ezifuywayo, namagundane. abathwali Ricketsiosis iziphiwo zomusa ezahlukeneyo izibungu. Njengoba lezi zinambuzane ukuzalela ehlobo (Meyi-September), tigameko liphuma ngokucijile kule nkathi. Ngokuvamile, ukutheleleka kuthinta abantu abasebenza ngaphandle (engadini, izingadi zemifino, amadlelo) kanye nabo izilwane.

Imbangela ricketsiosis

ejenti Etiological ka lesi sifo singumbulali silwanyana - rickettsia. Lokhu lwegciwane akunakubangelwa amagciwane noma ama-virus. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa alichaza yokuthi, naphezu nesakhiwo silwanyana (izinduku noma cocci), Rickettsia unekhono parasitism intracellular. I-ejenti causative ingahlalisekanga imvelo. Rickettsia zibulawa ukuchayeka okushisa aphakeme noma izibulali-magciwane. Noma kunjalo, basinde isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezibandayo futhi yomile. Ngaphezu kwalokho athathelwana ukudluliswa endleleni, Rickettsia Ungafaka umzimba ngenxa yokumpontshelwa igazi, kusuka kumama bokubeletha. Ngoba ezinye izifo, leli qembu libhekene namanye izindlela ukutheleleka. Phakathi kwabo - ukutheleleka alimentary futhi sisemoyeni. Ingabe Zikhona Izimo Ezenza ingqondo ezithwalwa isifo rickettsial, zihlanganisa:

1. Xhumana ne ezifuywayo zasemakhaya, izinja.
2. Ukwehluleka ukubona inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu.
3. Xhumana ne abanalesi sifo futhi abathwali isifo.

izindlela zokuthuthukiswa isifo

Lesi sifo eba ezinsukwini ezimbalwa emva kusungulwa umkhaza esikhumbeni. Isikhathi kwesikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni incike uhlobo ejenti kanye ukuzivikela komzimba. Lapho khizane liluma yokusabela wendawo. Isikhumba iba edematous, hyperemic, isisa kumakwe. Ukungena ngobuqili enhlanganweni kwenzeka ngenxa ekuqongeleleni ukubulawa amasosha omzimba endaweni ukwethulwa isinambuzane. Kusuka lapho, lapho i-ejenti causative - Rickettsia - ukungena kwemigudu ye-lymph kanye ISIZINDA. Zafika lapho, zatholana okwesikhashana axazulule futhi zohlobo. Njengoba sazi ukuthi-lymph kukhona izinhlaka izivikeli mzimba, yini ukwandisa ngokuphawulekayo. Kukhona ukusebenza kanye ekwandeni amaseli ulwe ejenti virus. Kamuva Rickettsia bawe imithambo yegazi. Bacteremia kwenzeka futhi toksinemiya. Ngokuyinhloko kuthinta emithanjeni yegazi kwesikhumba. Imithambo igazi eba ukusabela ukuvuvukala okuholela izinguquko elibhubhisayo endothelium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Rickettsia ngokuvamile ukungena ekhipha igazi enhliziyweni nelifakayo zobuchopho. Ngenxa yalokho, ziba izimpawu CNS, meningitis, futhi encephalitis angase ukwehluleka oyingozi kwegazi. Mshini ukutheleleka kubangela isithombe basemtholampilo ezithwalwa rickettsial isifo egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo. ICD-10 - i ngezigaba international, ohlanganisa zonke izifo. Iyathinteka futhi lokhu ukutheleleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkinga ezingase zivele pathologies ezifana meningitis, encephalitis, lesion semithambo, okubhalwe ku-ICD-10 ngokwehlukana. Lesi sifo main ikhodi A77.

Thikha yizinambuzane isifo rickettsial: izimpawu isifo

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi rickettsioses chuck kuhluke, zozela zonke, ukwabelana ukubonakaliswa ezivamile zokwelapha. Isikhathi kwesikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni, okuyisilinganiso sabangu-3 kuya 7 izinsuku. Ngokuvamile Ukungena izibungu esikhumbeni uhlala waphawuleka ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona kokuziphatha wawubona futhi lymphadenitis lesifunda. Okuxhunyanwa kuthinte libhekene kophawu maphakathi okuyinto ephawulwe isikhumba necrosis (brown), kanye azungeze - hyperemia (Corolla obomvu). izinsuku ezingu-2-3 enamathiselwe ukudakwa syndrome ne imfiva bemvelo unomphela. Isiguli ekhononda zomzimba nobuhlungu bomzimba, imfiva kuze kube degrees 39, ukhwehlela nobuhlungu bomzimba, ubuthakathaka jikelele. isikhathi Febrile imayelana 1-2 amasonto. Ngaphezu izimpawu zokudakwa, ekuqaleni lesi sifo ukuvela, ungaxhamazeli. Sinenkosi uhlamvu roseolous-papular. Ekuqaleni, ukuqubuka kwenzeka emachosheni, futhi kamuva ukusakaza sesihlahla. Ingemuva Skin aliguquki. Lezi zimfanelo libhekene ezithwalwa isifo rickettsial. Izithombe ukubonakaliswa cutaneous kungatholwa izincwadi. Ukuqubuka ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwabo ibaluleke kakhulu sitholakele pathologies ezithathelwanayo.

Ukuhlonza umkhaza ricketsiosis

Ngeke isekelwe kuphela isithombe yomtholampilo, ukukhomba ezithwalwa isifo rickettsial. Ukuxilongwa sifo futhi kumele ifake phakathi ukuhlolwa laboratory. Ngemva zokugula izimpawu zingase zifane nezinye izifo eziningi. Ukushaya ukusazi ngokunembile isifo esikuphethe, esikhombisa uhlobo lwegciwane, olwenziwa izifundo serological. Phakathi kwabo - .. Linked Assay immunosorbent, umphelelisi nenkanuko edlulele, hemagglutination, njll bawenza igazi microscopy, CSF, umchamo kanye INGENA ISINYENYELA ahlukaniswe.

Thikha yizinambuzane isifo rickettsial: nokwelashwa kwezifo

Njengoba lesi sifo singumbulali isifo esibangelwe igciwane, ukuphathwa kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwemithi elwa namagciwane. Ngenxa yale njongo ukusetshenziswa amalungiselelo "tetracycline" futhi "Chloramphenicol", kanye analogs yabo. Ngokuhamba ezinzima lesi sifo kufanele esibhedlela isiguli in ukutheleleka esibhedlela. Ukuze detoxify isixazululo emthanjeni 5% glucose ascorbic acid. Uma bradycardia kumele kusetshenziswe vasopressor izidakamizwa. Lezi zihlanganisa nemithi "Atropine", "Caffeine". Futhi, ngokuba yokwelapha lingaze - antipyretics, antihistamine. Imikhaza ziyasuswa nge udlawana. umuthi othile wenziwa phakathi ukuthuthukiswa yezinkinga.

ricketsiosis nemiphumela iletha

Kubalulekile ukuqala ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ekwelapheni ezithwalwa isifo rickettsial. Imiphumela ukutheleleka lungase lube lukhulu ngokwengeziwe. Lo mcimbi ukwehluleka ukuthuthukisa yezinkinga zokwelashwa izinhlelo sezinzwa, zokuphefumula futhi senhliziyo. Phakathi kwabo - .. samakhaza, ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula, meningitis encephalitis, myocarditis, njll Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuthuthukisa ukushaqeka anobuthi.

Ukuvimbela ricketsiosis ezithwalwa

zokuvimbela Non eqondene kuhlanganisa ekulweni izinambuzane namagundane, kanye nenhlanzeko yomuntu siqu. Against typhus nomkhuhlane yokugoma Q. Ekuboneni isifo kubalulekile sanitize egumbini, kanye ahlolisise bonke abantu bakwazi ukuxhumana isiguli. Uma umkhaza isivele singene isikhumba, kodwa izimpawu ukutheleleka ayizange savela ukwenza prophylaxis oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha. Sebenzisa ama-antibiotic "Doxycycline" futhi "Azithromycin".