Impilo, Imithi
Imodi Transmissive yokudlulisela
izifo Iningi labantu aligcini nje kwenzeke, futhi adluliselwa emthonjeni ukuze umuntu abe nempilo enhle. Siphakamisa ukuthi uzijwayeze ukudluliselwa izifo, kanye ukuqonda kabanzi yezifo ezithwalwa yizinambuzane. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo ezifudumele.
Izinhlobo ukuthelelana ngamagciwane
Kodwa leli gciwane lingase zidlulele kubantu ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
- Alimentary. ukudluliswa endleleni - isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene. Lesifo udle ukudla namanzi equkethe Amagciwane (isb, izifo emathunjini, uhudo, salmonellosis, ikholera).
- Sisemoyeni. ukudluliswa endleleni - emoyeni imuncwe noma uthuli eliqukethe lwegciwane.
- Pin. ukudluliswa endleleni - umthombo ukutheleleka noma ukugula (isibonelo, umuntu ogulayo). Ukuthintana ngqo kungenzeka abangenwe ngokocansi kanye nalabo abaxhumane nathi-zasendlini, okusho ukuthi ngendlela efanako ne enobuthi izinto zasekhaya (isib ithawula noma izitsha).
- igazi:
- Kuqondile, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho ukugula kamama sidlula placenta umntwana;
- Imodi transmissive yokudlulisela zesifo - ukutheleleka ngegazi usebenzisa zithwala bukhoma (izinambuzane);
- ukumpontshelwa lapho ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi insufficiently baphathwe ihhovisi yamazinyo, izikhungo zezempilo ezahlukene (izibhedlela, laboratories, njalo njalo), ubuhle kanye izinwele nokucwala.
Imodi Transmissive yokudlulisela
Imodi Transmissive yokudlulisela - siya ngegazi elinegciwane equkethe izinto ezithwala izifo egazini umuntu enempilo. Wenza zithwala bukhoma. indlela Transmissive kuhilela ukudluliselwa Amagciwane nge izinambuzane igazi-abancela:
- ngqo nge-bite isinambuzane;
- ngemva trituration nge umonakalo isikhumba (isib, imihuzuko) wabulala ngu zithwala isinambuzane.
Ngaphandle nokuphatha kahle izifo ezithathelwanayo kungaholela ekufeni.
izindlela ukuwudlulisa ngezigaba zithwala izifo ezithathelwanayo
Athathelwana isifo indlela kwenzeka ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
- Inoculation - enempilo abantu batheleleke lapho ukuluma isinambuzane ngokusebenzisa mouthparts yayo. ukudluliselwa okunjalo kuzokwenzeka kube kanyentana uma isithwali akafi (isibonelo, njengoba usakaza umalaleveva).
- Ukonakala okungenziwa - kokuba umuntu etheleleke nge-bezihlikihla endleni yezinambuzane endaweni yenhlwathi. Ukutheleleka kungaba liphindwe izikhathi eziningi kwaze kwaba sekufeni Transporter (Isibonelo isifo - typhus).
- ukungcoliswa Specific - ukungcoliswa umuntu enempilo kwenzeka ngesikhathi bezihlikihla izinambuzane isikhumba ezilimele (isib, uma has a ekuqaleni noma isilonda). Dlulisa livela kanye kuphela, othwala efa (Isibonelo isifo - imfiva relapsing).
Abathwali yena, zihlukaniswe lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- Ngokucacile, emzimbeni okuyinto bavezwa ukuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane futhi ube izigaba zokuphila eziningana.
- Mechanical, ogama emzimbeni Amagciwane akuzona ukuthuthukiswa, kodwa kuphela ezinqwabelanayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izinhlobo izifo zazo ngocansi ngendlela athathelwana
ukutheleleka Abazama nezifo, okuyinto ithelela izinambuzane ngosizo:
- relapsing umkhuhlane;
- -anthrax;
- tularemia;
- ezihlupha;
- encephalitis;
- human immunodeficiency virus;
- isifo Chagas, noma trypanosomiasis American;
- yellow fever (isifo yegciwane ezishisayo);
- izinhlobo ezahlukene ukushisa komzimba;
- YaseCrimea-Congo oluhambisana nemfiva (iphesenti eliphezulu ukufa - kusuka eziyishumi kuya amaphesenti amane);
- UDenga imfiva (ejwayelekile ezindaweni ezishisayo);
- filariasis lymph (sici for ezishisayo);
- ubumpumputhe, noma onchocerciasis, nezinye izifo eziningi.
Kukhona kungathi izingalo ezingamakhulu amabili zezifo ezingalapheki adluliswa ngokusebenzisa athathelwana.
zithwala Specific izifo ezithathelwanayo
Sishilo ngenhla ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili abathwali. Cabanga labo kabani eziphilayo kukhona Amagciwane wande noma umjikelezo ukuthuthukiswa.
izinambuzane igazi-abancela | isifo |
Female umalaleveva omiyane (Anopheles) | Umalaleveva, i-wuchereriasis, filariasis Brug sika |
Omiyane-Kusaka (Aedes) | imfiva Yellow kanye udenga, encephalitis, isi-Japanese, lymphocytic horionmeningit, wuchereriasis, filariasis Brug sika |
omiyane Culex | Brug sika filariasis, wuchereriasis, encephalitis Japanese |
omiyane | Leishmaniasis: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, visceral. imfiva pappataci |
Izintwala (izingubo zokugqoka, ikhanda, pubic) | Typhus futhi relapsing imfiva, imfiva, naseVolyn, trypanosomiasis American |
zigcwele abantu | Ubhadane lwesifo, tularemia |
izimbungulu | trypanosomiasis American |
esithwalwa okuhlabayo | Filyariotozy |
hizinisi | aphuphuthekise isifo filarial |
Fly Tse-Tse | kaodzera |
horseflies | Loazoz |
imikhaza | Fever: Omsk, YaseCrimea, eMarseilles, Q imfiva. Encephalitis: umkhaza, ehlathini, eScotland. tularemia |
argasids | Q imfiva, umkhaza ezithwalwa relapsing imfiva, tularemia |
gamasid izibungu | Spotted rat imfiva, encephalitis, tularemia, Q imfiva |
izibungu trombiculid | tsutsugamushi |
abathwali Mechanical izifo ezithathelwanayo
Lezi izinambuzane ezidlulisela pathogen ngesimo lapho eyamukelwe ngayo.
isinambuzane | isifo |
Amaphela, izimpukane lokulala | Helminth ova, izinhlumba, lenyama, amagciwane namagciwane ezihlukahlukene (isib, causative ejenti ye -typhoid-typhoid, isifo sohudo, isifo sofuba, kanye nokunye) |
fly esitebeleni | Tularemia, umbendeni |
esithwalwa okuhlabayo | tularemia |
horseflies | Tularemia, umbendeni, uvendle |
Aedes omiyane | tularemia |
hizinisi | Tularemia, umbendeni, uchoko |
Ukudluliswa human immunodeficiency virus
Inombolo zokuthelela amayunithi ngemililitha igazi abanegciwane ngalinye - up izinkulungwane ezintathu. Kuyinto izikhathi ezingamakhulu amathathu ezingaphezu kuka oketshezini kwesidoda. human immunodeficiency virus lenzelwa ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
- ngokobulili;
- kusuka umama okhulelwe noma amanesi ukuze ingane;
- ngegazi (ujova, ngesikhathi ukumpontshelwa igazi elinegciwane noma ukufakelwa kwezicubu kanye nezinhlaka kusukela nge-HIV);
umzila athathelwana yokudlulisela i-HIV cishe akunakwenzeka.
Ukuvimbela izifo ezithathelwanayo
Izinyathelo ephuma phambili ekuvimbeleni ukudluliselwa kwezifo ezithwalwa yizinambuzane:
- disinfestation, okusho igundane;
- disinfestation, ie iqoqo izinyathelo kukho ukubhubha abathwali;
- iqoqo izinqubo yokuthuthukisa indawo yezempilo (isibonelo, umhlaba sokufunwa);
- ukusetshenziswa izindlela ngabanye noma emaqenjini isivikelo omiyane (isib wristbands afuthwe ngesibulali amafutha abalulekile, nemithi yokuxosha izinambuzane, izifutho, amanetha omiyane);
- imisebenzi ukugoma;
- ukubeka ezonini ngokuhlukaniswa abagulayo elinegciwane.
Injongo eyinhloko yawo izinyathelo ukunciphisa isibalo zithwala kungenzeka. Kuphela lokhu kunganciphisa amathuba ekungenweni izifo ezifana relapsing imfiva vshiny, anthroponoses athathelwana, imfiva kanye leishmaniasis cutaneous phlebotomine edolobheni.
Izinga selilungiswa incike inani labantu abanaleli gciwane, ikakhulukazi ukungenwa yigciwane. Kanjeyana they kungaba kwenziwe kungakapheli:
- ezitaladini;
- endaweni;
- idolobha;
- endaweni, nokunye okunjalo.
izinyathelo zokuzivikela impumelelo kuncike ukuhlolisisa umsebenzi kanye nezinga ukuhlolwa ukutheleleka focus. Sifisela wena impilo enhle!
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