Terephthalic acid: nezakhi ezithile zamakhemikhali, ukulungiselelwa kanye isicelo

abameleli ebalulekile polycarboxylic ezinuka kamnandi kukhona phthalic acid ahlobene emelelwa isomers ezithile - Ortho-isomer (ngqo, phthalic acid), meta-isomer (isophthalic acid) para-isomer (terephthalic). Konke lokhu iqembu izinto kabanzi kakhulu esetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ezimbonini.

Terephthalic acid - okumsulwa kungekho nto enemibala emihle crystalline powder etholakale ekusabeleni liquid isigaba namachibi of paraxylene ebukhoneni ayibe nosawoti projecting yelikhono. Ukuxhumana kwe-unesimo ezihlukahlukene alcohols kuholela ekwakhekeni zamakhemikhali iqembu ester. Isicelo ngobukhulu okusebenzayo dimethyl terephthalate.

Terephthalic acid futhi ezisebenzayo synthesis polyethylene terephthalate (PET) - esobala ukushisa ukumelana polymer sitholwe polycondensation ukusabela unesimo ethylene glycol. Khona-ke kuwo ukukhiqiza amabhodlela epulasitiki, i-polyester Imicu yotshani terilenovoy Group, eyaziwa kangcono ngaphansi kwegama "polyester", kanye ezihlukahlukene emaphaketheni iziqukathi yokudla, zikagesi futhi izinhlobo ezahlukene imishini.

Ngokusho impahla yabo zamakhemikhali efana terephthalic acid monocarboxylic kwakwakhe. Yena ku ukushisa noma ngaphansi kwethonya, okuthiwa izinto dehydrating kalula yakha nosawoti, esters, eziyinkimbinkimbi ukwakheka kwama-molecule, anhydrides, amides, ezifana namaqembu elilodwa noma amabili carboxyl. Terephthalic acid futhi engena ukuphendula esterification, ngenxa lapho mono- futhi diesters akhiwa. Lapho Ukushisa we impahla crystalline lokushisa hhayi degrees engamakhulu esingaphansi kwezinsuku ezimbili waphawula decarboxylation ukunikeza compounds equkethe inombolo sakugcina amaqembu carboxyl. Nokho, ukusabela electrophilic esikhundleni Akucushiwe indandatho ukuqala ukuqhubeka nobunzima obukhulu.

Phthalic acid ngokwemvelo ezitholakala sombala oluhlaza izitshalo futhi poppy imbewu pods. Of nemikhiqizo yalo abaluleke kakhulu compounds dibutyl ether kanye dimethyl phthalate, ezisetshenziswa njengoba plasticizers imikhiqizo cellulose, vinyl polymers futhi rubbers. Futhi, dimethyl, diethyl futhi dibutyl phthalate yizici ebalulekile nemithi yokuxosha ezahlukene.

Isophthalic acid is kabanzi womshini unsaturated polyester inhlaka. Njengoba isophthalates kukhona plasticizers kakhulu. Nokho, isicelo enkulu yeqembu benzenepolycarboxylic compounds nokho terephthalic acid, esetshenziselwa synthesis izinto ezibalulekile ukuze umkhakha njengoba polyethylene terephthalate futhi dimethyl terephthalate. Zisetshenziswa womshini amabhande zezinqubo sezindophi, elihambayo amabhande, amanetha okudoba, oseyili, izinsika, trawls, uphethiloli kanye hoses nefteustoychivyh, iziqobosho "umbani", izintambo ithenisi Awamarakhethi, nokunye okuningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bushelelezi yendwangu ntambo lapho ukukhiqizwa into esetshenziselwa, amajezi ekhiqizwa, ahlukahlukene izicubu (crepe, Tweed, satin, njll), Amakhethini imikhiqizo, raincoat, isambulela nokuthunga izingubo izinto, amahembe, amasokisi amade, izingubo zezingane njll

Ekuphetheni, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi zonke acid benzenepolycarboxylic uchungechunge kukhona izinto nolaka kakhulu futhi ezinobuthi. Ngakho-ke, njalo nje sinamathela Material Ukuphepha Data Sheet, okuyinto libala zonke izakhiwo kanye nezici kwakwakhe, kanye nenqubo kanye nemithetho zokusebenza nabo.