Standard nosayizi kahle izigaba: GOST, izici kanye nezincomo

Izitebhisi Ingaphakathi nengaphandle kukhona cishe kuyo yonke imizi. Ukuqoqa izakhiwo ezinjalo livulwa pre-kwakha luhlaka ngalokwenele. Ekuthuthukiseni imidwebo, kubalulekile ukuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho eyayifunwa SNIP futhi GOST. Ikakhulukazi ke siphathelene kwesakhiwo isici isitebhisi esinjalo, njengoba izigaba. Bafanele eyizingqabavu ikakhulukazi futhi eqotho. Khetha ubukhulu wokugibela izinyathelo isitebhisi mashi kanye sokuvula kumele ezifana kuzenze ngikhululekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isakhiwo yabo kumele kube ngisho futhi njengoba ephephile ngangokunokwenzeka.

izinhlobo isitebhisi

Emagcekeni kanye Interiors kwezindlu ingafakwa kokusiphakamisela ezakhiwe elandelayo izinhlobo:

• Bamasha. Lena owande kakhulu kwezitebhisi ezifihlekile. Isiteji bona ngokuvamile ogibele kosour noma yezinhlamvu. EMANZINI kungaba elula noma swivel. Uma kuwukuthi pad ilungiselelo engenakwenzeka ngenxa yokuntuleka isikhala lezi ezakhiwe musa engonxantathu usebenzisa winders.
• Intulo. Lolu khetho ubukeka cruise zanamuhla futhi kuthatha isikhala ingasaphathwa. Kufakiwe Kuvunguza izitebhisi kungaba kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yendlu noma egcekeni, futhi hhayi nje emdulini. Ifomu ngokuvamile round. Izinyathelo isitebhisi esinjalo trapezoid futhi unamathele pole emaphakathi. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zindlu namagceke nazo efakwe unxande Kuvunguza izitebhisi. Kulokhu, ngemiklamo babo ahlanganisa pads ezimbili. Ngeshwa, le nguqulo kuyahluka nzima, ngakho-ke kuyaqabukela asetshenziswa.
• Kuqondile. Lolu hlobo izitebhisi ngokuvamile lisetshenziswa njengendlela umlilo, ngoba ephakamisa at elisophahleni unheated noma ukwehla emiphongolweni. Lezi isitebhisi kukhona izisekelo ezimbili nje, phakathi okuyinto bar phama. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko kuzo: isitebhisi kanye fixed. Ngokuvamile, lezi isitebhisi alo ukukwenza.

Omasha isitebhisi rotary kukhona ikota (90 degrees) kanye poluoborotnymi (180 degrees). umklamo Intulo, eqinisweni, yilokho zazo. Ukujikeleza isitebhisi esinjalo eyenziwa ngaso 180 c. Okulandelayo, sibheke ukuthi kuzo zonke lezi zimo kungaba usayizi izinyathelo. Standard ichaza ngqo Izibalo ikakhulu ngoba izitebhisi of emafulethini. Ikakhulukazi, ezimweni eziningi, ukukhetha elilungile (kodwa hhayi kuze kube ngale kwezimfuno SNIP), ububanzi, ubude, ukujula ukuphakama.

izidingo jikelele

Lapho ukuhlangana izitebhisi anoma yiluphi uhlobo kumele athobele ezifana imithetho jikelele:

• Isibalo izigaba kwelinye mashi kumele singeqi amayunithi 17. Inombolo ubuncane kungaba yinoma yini. Kodwa ngokuvamile izitebhisi kukhona okungenani 3 izinyathelo. kukhona amamashi nephephile ngenombolo obungavamile kubo.
• Ukuphakama izinyathelo ezitebhisini kumele ilingane. Kancane ngaphezu kwabo bonke abanye kungaba kuqala.
• Inkinga esiteji likhulu kakhulu ukwenza akuvunyelwe. Kungenjalo, senyuka ngezitebhisi umuntu akwazi ukumane siyakhubeka. Regulations sinika ubude ukukhululwa kwe kungekho mm ezingaphezu kwezingu-30.
• Ibanga kusuka esigabeni engenhla emnyango kufanele okungenani 1 m. Kunoma ikuphi musa kuvunyelwe endaweni has ububanzi umnyango.

Izici of the izigaba ukwakhiwa

Anabamemezeli isivikelo esiyinhloko-iladi izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• ovundlile ukwesekwa onyathela;
• risers mpo.

Ububanzi ukuphakama lokuqala nelesibili lapho kwenta tinhlaka kufanele kube nokwenzeka ukubala ngokucophelela. Is la izinkomba ezimbili phansi futhi ancike lula nokuphepha mashi. Ngezinye izikhathi izitebhisi ukwenza ngaphandle risers. Izindleko ezakhiwe enjalo ishibhile, kodwa bheka ngaphansi kahle.

Ubude izigaba

Ngezitebhisi eziya endlini noma egumbini, ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso SNIP okufanele bakwenze impela ezibanzi. isigaba Standard, ogama Ubukhulu kunqunywa GOST abe ubude hhayi ngaphansi kuka-90 cm., Kodwa kuyinto kwemisebenzi yoMnyango ukukala 1-1.5 m. Kule mashi sehla senyuka ukuhlakaza abantu can banethezeke.

ukujula mashi

Ububanzi elikhulu izitebhisi okuholela isikhala ephilayo, kubhekwa 30cm Kunoma ikuphi, ngokuvumelana neziqondiso, lesi sibalo akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-25 cm (ngoba egumbini - 26 cm) .. Okungukuthi, ububanzi yimpandla kufanele kwenziwe kangangokuthi ingena kalula phezu unyawo lomuntu omdala.

Okuhlukile mthetho kuphela screw futhi isitebhisi mpo. I ewumngcingo trapezoid ohlangothini izinyathelo okufanele abe ububanzi okungenani 10 cm. I isitebhisi mpo, isinyathelo ephothiwe, futhi ikakhulukazi, kufanele abe ukukhanya neselula. Ngakho-ke, ububanzi izinyathelo akuyona ilawulwa imithetho. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu isilinganiso kuyinto 5-10 cm. Izicishamlilo metal ezakhiwe nezinyathelo konke kungase eyenziwe obukhulu induku ubukhulu 15-20mm.

Yini okufanele ibe ukuphakama?

Le methrikhi kufanele acabangele engela ukuthambekela mashi. Standard ezitebhisini usayizi izitebhisi ngokhonkolo e eliphezulu liphumele izakhiwo, isibonelo, inikeza ubudlelwano ezilandelayo:

• imiklamo nge umyela 1: 2 - 125-145 mm;
• nge emthambekeni 1: 1.5 - 143 noma 168 mm.

Inketho yokugcina ngokuvamile lisetshenziswa isitebhisi ukuze ozakwehlela engaphansi noma khuphula ekamelweni elisophahleni lwendlu. Ububanzi yimpandla ku izakhiwo kwegceke ukhonkolo uhlale 30 cm babe engaphansi kanye izitebhisi elisophahleni -. 26 cm.

Ngasese izindlu esiteji ngokuvamile wenze ukuphakama 150-200 mm. Kuyinto leli banga yamazinga kuvunyelwe SNIP. Kahle okufana ukuphakama luncike ukukhula labantu abahlala endlini, futhi ububanzi iphimbo yabo.

Ubukhulu izinyathelo: kanjani ukubala lusebenze?

Ngo kwenta tinhlaka le isitebhisi yangaphandle noma kwangaphakathi ezisetshenziswa amafomula ezifana:

• A + B = 450 mm (imashi nokwethenjelwa);
• B-A = 120 mm (ukuphepha).

"A" kuleli cala - ukuphakama isikhuphukeli, "B" - ububanzi yimpandla. Lokubiza Imininingwane izakhi ukuphepha ephelele nokwethembeka ebalwe ifomula mashi 2A + B = 600 mm.

Ubukhulu izinyathelo ezitebhisini ekhaya zincike, ngokukhethekile, futhi kusukela okusetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa yayo material. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, ububanzi esezingeni 75-275 mm ibhodi ukushiyana kwezidalwa 25 mm. Ukuze onyathela impahla efanelekayo 250 mm 275 mm. amabhodi letibanti Kulokhu, ukusetshenziswa okungalungile. Ukuze risers zivamise ezithathwe impahla 150, 175 noma 200 mm. I elula kunazo ukucabangela ukhetho lwesibili nesibongo.

Ngo isitini isitebhisi kaningi abe ububanzi 250 mm. ukuphakama yabo futhi ezimweni eziningi kufana 177-178 mm. Lezi Ubukhulu zinqunywa izilinganiso izitebhisi we impahla (ubude 250 mm, ubude 88 mm). Ngenkathi kuqalwa ukwakha wokwakha lolu hlobo they ngokujwayelekile enza ukuphakama ngetitini letimbili. Lokho 88 umane wande ngu-2 begodu uhlanganise 1-2 cm ezinkulu.

Ukuze izigaba metal nokhonkolo ezitebhisini obuphelele nemingcele ezidingekayo, ububanzi nokunye. E. Ezimisele izindleko impahla kuphela kanye kalula yokusetshenziswa.

Yini okunye okufanele ngizibheka?

Khona-ke kufanele kube ejwayelekile futhi ubukhulu kahle izinyathelo, sithole. Nokho, lapho ahosha izitebhisi yephrojekthi kufanele bacabangele elinye kuyinkomba ebaluleke. Lapho ekhetha indaba for izakhiwo ngokhuni kufanele sinake Uhlonze lwalo. Yiqiniso, ibhodi mncane kakhulu akufanele ukukuthatha ngokungathí izitebhisi. Uma kungenjalo, Kuyophumela ethubeni ungaphephile futhi ibingaba eyesikhashana ngempela.

I ukushuba we onyathela lokhuni kunqunywa 1:20 isilinganiso ukuze ububanzi. Inikeza eyanele ukuphepha wekhasi. Lokho, isinyathelo ibhodi ububanzi 250 mm kufanele abe ukushuba hhayi ngaphansi kuka 12,5 mm. Ukuze yesikhuphukeli bekwazi ukusebenzisa izinto ohlabayo. Ukuphuca ibhodi isentimitha obukhulu kuleli cala, ngokuvamile ngokwanele. Ngezinye izikhathi isikhala mpo phakathi onyathela avaliwe plywood nje.

izitebhisi Ukhonkolo e esigabeni sokugcina ngokuvamile sibhekene tile. Ngakho-ke, lapho kubalwa ukuphakama nobubanzi izinyathelo kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kwi-akhawunti ukushuba we impahla. Esikhathini Tile, lesi sibalo ngokuvamile 4-9 mm. Tiles zamatshe wemvelo angase abe ukushuba enkulu kakhulu 1-2 cm.

isiphetho

Ngokweyame ekuhambisaneni yonke imithetho ezichazwe ngenhla, endlini noma egcekeni, ungakwazi ukuqoqa isitebhisi ukhululekile kakhulu futhi isikhathi eside. Yiqiniso, ukubala usayizi izinyathelo - lena kuphela kuyigxathu. Lapho lapha ngokugibela isitebhisi kufanele kube ilungelo lokukhetha ukuphakama ukubiya (hhayi ngaphansi kuka 90 cm), izindlela izakhi kokungathembeki (izinkuni - imishudo kuphela) .., Nyakazisa engela, njll Nokho, kuyinto ukuthembeka izinyathelo emhlabathini futhi inquma zokuphepha nenduduzo izakhiwo ezinjalo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukulondoloza on impahla futhi udlulele ngale nemingcele kuvunyelwe ubude, ububanzi, ukuphakama kanye ukushuba kulesi simo ngeke kukusize ngalutho kuso.