Alalia - Iyini? Alalia: umsebenzi kwezimilo

Alalia - ukungabi okuphelele yokukhuluma noma nokungathuthuki yayo izingane ukuzwa evamile kanye nezobunhloli. Lesi sifo umphumela ukulimala inkulumo kwezingxenye zobuchopho ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Iphinde singenzeka ngenxa sezinzwa izifo uhlelo noma okunzima skull ukuhlukumezeka kulowo ingane ngisho esikhathini sangaphambi inkulumo zokuphila. Ekuqaleni okuthiwa Alalia sluhonemotoy hhayi ngayo.

Alalia is ntshashintshe - kusukela olunzima lapho ingane akakhulumi engu-12, kuze kube ukukhanya, okusikhumbuza ngaphezulu kwezinga lentuthuko jikelele yokukhuluma.

Alalia - ukuphazamiseka elihlobene ne ukulimala kobuchopho, okuyinto kubonakala yokuntuleka yomntwana ikhono lokuxoxa. Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa lezi iziguli ezivela labo ukungezwa kahle nengqondo - ne retardation engqondo. Izingane nge Alalia bakghone ukuphendula imisindo futhi abone ulwazi. kwengqondo zingaphazamisa ingane kuphela ngenxa kuhlukaniswa, ukunganakwa ezemfundo, ukungabi nakwenzeka kwento inkositini yekharikhulamu inkumbulo abampofu.

ngezigaba

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko of Alalia - sezinzwa kanye motor. Bobabili iziyaluyalu amenable ukuba ukulungiswa nge indlela eqotho. Ezimweni eziningi, ekuhlonzweni nokulandela yonke izincomo izingane bakwazi ukufunda esikoleni yesibili.

uthinte Alalia

Le nkinga libhekene i ukwephulwa kokuqala yokukhuluma bezibona ukuzwa evamile. Thinta Alalia livela ngenxa izilonda izindawo yesikhashana zobuchopho, elise Nenkabazwe kwesokunxele, ngokuthi isikhungo Wernicke sika.

Izingane nge Alalia sezinzwa abaqondi noma ukuqonda ukulinganiselwa kwaso. Bayakwazi ngokwanele ukuphendula amasignali umsindo zihlukaniswa imvelo ezahlukene umsindo (sengiprofethile umsindo creaking futhi t. D.). Enkulumweni yakhe izingane Alalia sezinzwa echolalia samanje - unthought lokhu ukuphindaphinda ngokuzenzekelayo amazwi abanye. Ngakho-ke, esikhundleni umbuzo ingane enjalo ingaphinda umbuzo uqobo.

Oholela ngesikhathi Alalia touch babhekwa kuphula umthetho we- ukuzwa lwemisindvo, esizibonakalisa degrees obuhlukahlukene. Lokho, kungaba iphutha ngokuphelele ukuhlukanisa imisindo yenkulumo noma bazibheka nobunzima, ebonakaliswa ubunzima evelela ezifanayo umsindo kodwa ezahlukene isipelingi amazwi (indodakazi - emgqonyeni umdlavuza -lak).

Ingane nge Alalia sezinzwa yokudluliselwa ezibalulekile esifike Ochwepheshe: i Udokotela wezindlebe isivivinyo ezilalelayo, neuropsychiatrist kanye nodokotela osiza abanezinkinga zokukhuluma.

Ekusebenteni, amacala Alalia sezinzwa - ngempela ezingavamile, kwande ifomu okulula zesifo - motor.

Eyesibili uhlobo

Motor Alalia - iqoqo izimpawu, kokubili yezwi bese-non-izwi, esiholela yokufuna ulimi. Motor Alalia ezinganeni kwenzeka izikhathi ezimbalwa ezingaphezu kuka touch. Kungokungathi sína kangakanani le nkinga?

Alalia. Ihlahlubo inkulumo izimpawu

Inkulumo Ukwephulwa motor Alalia esiqukethe zonke izingxenye zayo: ohlangothini lucebe futhi yolimi nendlela ifonotiki kanye lwemisindvo. Kusolwa ukuthi le nkinga kuqala kubangelwa izilonda anterior motor endaweni cortex cerebral, kanye nezinye - ukwephulwa ukusebenza ezindaweni eziphansi motor endaweni cortex ka Nenkabazwe evelele, lapho ugxilisa zonke ukucasuka kwemisipha nemisipha evelayo lapho ukunyakaza ukuhambisana.

Ingane nge Alalia sebehlushwa kumiswa esihle ngefanelo nangokuvumelana we-apharathasi inkulumo. Lezi iziyaluyalu zahlukahlukene, ezisukela apraxia setemlomo (ukukhubazeka), ophela noma kokushintsha ukwephulwa ukulandelana. Futhi, kukhona ukungakwazi ukwenza ezithile ukuhambisana ukunyakaza.

Ngokuvamile izingane motor Alalia ngenxa yokuntuleka umsindo bezibona bamba izakhi ezithile kuphela isigwebo futhi ayikwazi liwubophe ku isakhiwo evamile semantic. Lokhu sokuqonda okulinganiselwe ukhonza njengomdala wawubonakalisa yesibili yokukhuluma nokungathuthuki siqu. Izingane nge motor Alalia kujwayele ukuthi amagama ambalwa, kodwa nesilulumagama lesilinganiselwa ngesikhathi esifanayo voluminous kakhulu.

Letincenye letilandzelako yokukhuluma okungenzeka ephulwa uma motor Alalia:

• lwemisindvo izitatimende ukugcwaliseka;
• inkulumo ngolimi ukucutshungulwa;
• inhlangano Rhythmic yokukhuluma - ukumemeza ke.

Manje cabanga ngalokho has Alalia izimpawu motor. Silulumagama izingane komgomo ezinjalo eba kancane kakhulu futhi isetshenziswa inkulumo engalungile. Ngenxa yalokho, isitokwe ubumpofu izinsiza lucebe-semantic avele esikhundleni ngu ukufana noma Ngokuphambene, isibonelo, kususa - ukugeza inkomishi ngembazo -stakan - isando. Isethi tiphawulo netandziso encane.

Ezigabeni kokuqala zokukhuluma umntwana onjalo ayidingi ukuxhumana inkulumo exhunyiwe, okuyinto kubangelwa nokungathuthuki kokubili jikelele kanye nenkulumo. Ngakho-ke, ingane ngokuvamile zisebenzisa sebuso, kunyakata kwemtimba kanye monosyllables lapho sisebenzelana nabantu abadala.

izimpawu buthule lokugula

Izingane nge motor Alalia waphawula nokungathuthuki hhayi inkulumo kuphela, kodwa futhi abanye imisebenzi yengqondo kanye motor. Ngokuvamile waphawula izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kwemizwa, siyahlukahluka kobukhulu ekubonakalisweni sakugcina ubuchopho ukungasebenzi iziyaluyalu ezinzima. Ngokuvamile laphawula esingamahlalakhona yokuba buthakathaka ngokomzimba futhi ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo jikelele zomzimba.

Izingane nge motor Alalia ngokuvamile Clumsy, babe discoordination ukunyakaza, ukunyakaza zabo behlisa noma disinhibited. umsebenzi Motor kuyehla, isigqi alanele, ashukumisayo futhi yakhoibrium static kuyaphazamiseka. ukwephulwa manifest Ikakhulu emihle motor amakhono.

Izingane nge motor Alalia ngokuvamile ampofu imisebenzi ephakeme engqondo (inkumbulo, ukunakwa, ukucabanga, njll) Ngakolunye ezingeni okuqonda yokuzithandela futhi bayezwa.

Kwezinye izimo, bangase ukuthuthukisa izici zobuntu sokugembula nobunjalo kumiswa uhlobo Neurotic. Izingane nge motor Alalia imakwe ngabodwa, ukungalondeki, ukucasuka, inzondo futhi ingakulaleli propensity izinyembezi.

Kukhona olunye uhlobo isifo - Imininingwane, noma okuxubile kungokoqobo-motor Alalia. Nge i samuntu enjalo kuyaphazamiseka futhi izici sezinzwa kanye motor yokukhuluma. Uma ingane yakho ine kungokoqobo-motor Alalia, akakwazi ukukhuluma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiguli akaqondi inkulumo ebhekiswe kuye.

Uyini izimpawu Alalia okuxubile? Lesisifo nzima ukuhlonza. Kuvame kudidaniswe izinkinga ezifana Autism, ukungakhuli ukuzwa, bokusungula nokunye. N.

Ukusebenza izingane Alalia Imininingwane ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ngaphezu imihlangano nge wezengqondo kanye imithi yokwelashwa inkulumo Umeluleki kuhloswe ukuthuthukisa inkulumo amasenti e cortex cerebral.

Lesi sifo ukuvela kanjani?

Isizathu esiyinhloko esenza Alalia - umonakalo ebuchosheni utero noma onyakeni wokuqala wokuphila.

1. Esikhathini esiyiminyaka kokubeletha kobuchopho kungayithonya ukutheleleka, hypoxia, esingamahlalakhona esinomhlapho, kubi imikhuba umama. Ukulimala kobuchopho kwengane singenzeka ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Lezi zihlanganisa hypoxia, lokuzalwa ukuhlukumezeka, hypothermia.
2. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila a ukulimala kobuchopho ingane kungenxa igciwane lohlobo noma kuhlasimulise okulimala ebuchosheni.

izimpawu

Alalia kabani uphethwe - inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, ngezinye izikhathi cishe izakhamuzi zaseBosnia zifana esivela nezinye izifo. Kubalulekile ukuqeda abangezwako noma retardation engqondo. Alalia lapho ingane umsebenzi kahle ezindaweni ezithile ingqondo. indima Kakhulu eyadlalwa Ukunqotshwa kwe-izakhiwo ezimbili ubuchopho: inkulumo endaweni Broca futhi Wernicke, abaphethe kumiswa inkulumo yabo nokuqonda.

Izimpawu motor Alalia

Phakathi izimpawu:

• ukungabi namakhono zokuzisiza;
• ukwephulwa traffic: akuzona zonke izingane eziphathwa gxuma ngomlenze owodwa, awukwazi ukuthola ebhodini, ngokuvamile ukukhubeka, abakwazi ukudansa sigci umculo;
• lakhomba inani amazinga ejwayelekile yokuthuthukisa ulimi ngalesi ukwephulwa kusukela ukuntula kwayo okuphelele ikhono lokukhuluma imishwana efakwe;
• ingane ngokuvamile abakwazi ukuveza imizwa yabo futhi ukubuza okuthile;
• waphawula inkulumo kuvisisa ebhekene esigulini;
• kid uyaliqaphela incazelo lucebe bezwi, kodwa hhayi kube sekupheleni, ticalo, bondzaweni.

Izimpawu touch Alalia

Izimpawu zalesi uhlobo lwesifo angabhekwa asho into elandelayo:

• ingane ingavumi siqonde okushiwo amazwi ezwa;
• akukho ukuhlobana into ethize kanye nomklamo umsindo;
• khona echolalia (ukuphindaphinda ngokuzenzekelayo amazwi).

ukulungisa inkinga

Cabanga indlela yokwenza Alalia ukulungiswa. Njengoba inkinga yezokwelapha, zokusebenza kwengqondo nemicabango pedagogical kudinga indlela olunzulu ukuze ukuthuthukiswa yokukhuluma ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano wonke umuntu. Inkulumo umsebenzi yokwelapha kumele kwenziwe ngokumelene isizinda ukwelashwa psychotherapeutic. Alalia - ukuphazamiseka eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuthi kunzima ukuxilonga.

Izici eziyinhloko umsebenzi kwezimilo

• Inqubo ngokuyinhloko okuhloswe ngaso ukwakheka ngesisusa, izinhloso ofuna ukuxhumana nathi, izitatimende yangaphakathi zohlelo.
• Ukunakwa ikhokhelwa emihle motor amakhono: izingane zifunde umbala, umthunzi, ukudlala yamatshe, ubophele ifindo, njll ...
• Ngempumelelo sokuthuthukiswa yokukhuluma izingane Alalia ukusetshenziswa isigqi logoritmiki. Kulezi izifundo umculo, inkulumo kanye nokunyakaza ehlangana ezihlukahlukene ukuzilolonga kanye ifomu inkulumo-motor imisebenzi. Njengoba kuyinto ukuthuthukiswa inkumbulo futhi ubuntu nokuthuthukisa izingane.
• Ukucupha inkulumo umkhuba zokuxhumana ezibalulekile ezingeni ezingabizi wengane: imisebenzi ngamazwi (futhi, bonisa, igama), imishwana kanye ibinzana impahla.
• Okubalulekile ukuthuthukiswa analyzers - ezibukwayo, sokuzwa kanye ethintekayo.
• Udinga nje kuphela ukuba usebenzise ifomu amageyimu lomsebenzi.
• Qinisekisa ukusebenzisa tinsita letitibonwa nalokubhaliwe: izimpawu ezahlukene, Ukuvikelwa izinto zemvelo, izithombe, nezenzo ezihambisana inkulumo, njll ...
• Umthelela kufanele iqondiswe jikelele uhlelo inkulumo, ukuchaza silulumagama, ukuthuthukiswa Emabitomvama nemabito lalukhuni futhi inkulumo anokuhambisana, ukubeka imisindo.

Izigaba main

1. Ngo esigabeni sokuqala umsebenzi oqhubeka ukuqeqeshwa womsebenzi inkulumo bese ugcwalisa nesilulumagama lesilinganiselwa, okulula ukuyiqonda.
2. Ngaphezu kwalokho kwakhiwa Umusho inkulumo labhaliwe.
3. In the isinyathelo sesithathu igxile izici ezifana inkulumo ixhunyiwe, emakhonweni okukhulumisana, ngaphezu, Automated takhi teluhlelo lelulwimi.

Ngo inqubo ekuqedeni inkinga ngenkuthalo ukusebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene umsebenzi isichazamazwi. Inketho yokuqala - yemvelo: ukuboniswa lezinto, izithombe, izenzo kanye nezimo. Esesibili - ngomlomo: ukuhlanganisa yemagama lamasha kakade aziwa tintfo letifanako kanye netintfo ukuqhathanisa.

Sebentisa tinhlobo letehlukene umsebenzi isichazamazwi, ezifaka hlangana ukuhlahluba ukukhethwa izinto isinyathelo, isibonelo, umbukiso noma ukusho ukuthi ubani izimpukane, ugijima, inyonyoba. izindlela ngokulinganayo ngempumelelo ezifana: kwamagama izingxenye ngazinye wonke, isib, isondo, isondo headlamp; ukukhethwa kwamagama owodwa impande, omqondofana, aphikisanayo, ukuqagela izinto ezibuthelelweko kuya incazelo; ukuguqulwa amazwi amancane, nokunye. d. Futhi, parallel kwaqedwa isichazamazwi themes ezivamile (izilwane, izitshalo, amathoyizi, imifino, izithelo, umkhaya, nokunye. d.) ukuthuthukisa amakhono zisebenzisa izinhlobo ezithile zohlelo lolimi amazwi (icala, bunye nebunyenti et al.).

Uma Alalia ingane, umsebenzi zokulungisa kufanele sigcwaliswe njengoba? Ekufezeni izenzo nge izinto, izingane kufanele azame kubo inkulumo isho, okungukuthi ukuba ahambe wonke amazwi isinyathelo uthele amanzi uthele amanzi, uthele amanzi phakathi ibhodlela, nishaye amanzi, njll In iziguli kulesigaba ithuthukiswe ikhono ukuphendula imibuzo futhi ukuzama .. ubacela ukuba beveza iziphakamiso, kuqala omunye indlela bese ngereferensi, nge izithombe chungechunge, Ukuqagela nezimfumbe futhi ulungiselele izincazelo, nokumadanisa izici lezinto eziningana, njalo njalo. d. ngalesi sikhathi, bakhuthazwa izimpendulo ezihlukahlukene futhi enemininingwane Lokho, sekusilethela wokusesha asebenzayo bese ukhetha ifomu lwetakhi telulwimi ezifanele amagama afanele, kukhuthaza isithakazelo inkulumo njengoba wokuxhumana.

Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kusho ukuthi umntwana usuke engakabi alichaza yini imithetho, angabikwa ulwazi lolimi. inqubo yokwelapha ihilela kuphela ifomu umdlalo nabo nasendabeni ngaphezulu imvamisa onobuhle inflection futhi kwakhiwa kwemagama, bheka ukwakhiwa kwemisho.

Yonke inqubo isebenza izigaba lwetakhi telulwimi okusekelwe okulandelayo: kuqala, ingane kumele bagcine njengoba nodokotela osiza abanezinkinga zokukhuluma kuhlela imodeli ethize, bese-ke likhona inqubo umsebenzi inkulumo imitative.

Uma ingane has motor Alalia, amakilasi aphethwe kokubili? Ukusetshenziswa engokoqobo izingane Alale takhi teluhlelo lelulwimi inezici ezithile njengoba kumiswa yonke imiqondo Kwenziwa kuphela ngesisekelo amafomu esikhethekile ukuhlaziywa kanye zamagama, okuyinto nomphumela Abstraction ezingadingekile futhi nje okungaqondile.

Sihlale ingqondo umsebenzi oyinhloko umsebenzi, okubandakanya kumiswa inqubo yokukhulumisana futhi umthamo wemvula asebenzayo ukuxhumana ingane. Isinyathelo esilandelayo angabhekwa inguquko kancane kancane kusukela inkhulumomphendvulwano ekuchumana kuya inkulumo Monologue ekuthuthukiseni of ugqozi etshela. Lokhu ngokuvamile ingane ikutshela mayelana nomcimbi noma badlulisele nanoma yiluphi ulwazi.

Umqulu enomthelela ekuthuthukiseni indlela akheke ngayo amagama nemisho, futhi ngokusebenzisa ukufunda nokubhala nge Alalia ingane ebuyako ilungisa ngenkulumo yakhe. Ezemfundo kwabantwana kuyisigaba esithile isikhathi eside okungukuthi, futhi kudinga ukusetshenziswa izindlela ezikhethekile kanye namasu. Ngokuvamile nezingane ezikhubazekile lusezithebeni njengoba inqubo lolu limi esibhaliwe livela dyslexia yesibili futhi dysgraphia.

Ingane Alalia? Ukwelashwa futhi ukulungisa izici babe? Omunye njalo kunazo wasebenzisa izindlela ukususa inkinga ukuthi kushukumisa ezindaweni ezithile isikhumba usebenzisa ongaphakeme-imvamisa pulses zamanje. Lezi zindawo bamele kwelivi izindawo inkulumo ingqondo. Ngenxa yalokho, basuke ivuswe ngu ukukhuthazwa eziyimpumelelo emsipheni. Le ndlela yokwelashwa has asikho ngaphansi kohlaka ubufakazi-based, ngakho ukulungiswa isifo kuphela kungenzeka ngosizo ukungabi khona nomphumela oqabulayo, Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa inkulumo esishintshashintshayo amasu neurostimulation kungase kungasheleli ngaso sonke ukulungisiswa.

izindlela ezengeziwe

Uma Alalia nesineke, amaseshini nodokotela osiza abanezinkinga zokukhuluma kubaluleke kakhulu. Kumele ibanjwe njalo. massage Logopaedic ngenkuthalo esetshenziselwa anjalo inkulumo ezazingase njengoba Alalia. Ukwelashwa kuhloswe ukukhuthazwa imisipha abathintekayo kumiswa nemisindo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, afeze massage ngeminwe yakho noma ekhethekile kokwelashwa iphenya.

Physiotherapy lisetshenziswa nasekuthandeni izinto izingane Alalia. Phakathi izindlela main - laser-, amanzi, ukwelashwa kazibuthe, ukutshopa.

isiphetho

Inkulumo Alalia kudinga ukuphathwa kakhulu eside futhi indlela ihlanganiswe. Ngokuvamile indlela yokwelapha ithatha indawo izinkulisa ezikhethekile nezikole ukukhonza izingane ngenkulumo iziyaluyalu. Ngemiphumela ukwelashwa kungenzeka ukwedlulisela izingane esikoleni samabanga aphakeme.

Kwezinye izimo, ukuqedwa nokulungiswa kwe-alalia emntwaneni kuthatha iminyaka eminingana, bese kudinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo nodokotela wezinkulumo ukuze alondoloze umphumela. Ngisho nangemva kokusebenza ngempumelelo yokwelapha, izingane eziningi zidinga amakilasi avamile ukuqeda i-dysgraphia ne-dyslexia. Ingane ene-alalia idinga usizo lwezingqondo nokusekelwa. Kunzima kuye ukwenza abantu abajwayele ukuxhumana nabo futhi bazizwe bejabule eqenjini. Ezinye izingane zibhekana nokucindezeleka okuqhubekayo lapho zisebenzelana neontanga, ezingabangela ukuhlukumezeka, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa. Ngakho-ke, ingane ene-alalia idinga usizo ekunqobeni ukwesaba kokuxhumana, ukuzihlukanisa.