Laboratory ukuhlaziywa: izinhlobo, ukuziphatha, injongo. laboratory Medical

Cishe bonke zokunakekela impilo babe laboratories ekhethekile lapho ungakwazi bahlolelwe. Kuyasiza ukuba afeze ucwaningo lwezokwelapha, okuyinto ebaluleke ukuhlonza isifo nokusetha ukusazi ngokunembile isifo esikuphethe e isiguli yalesi sikhungo. laboratory Medical eklanyelwe ukuqhuba izindlela ezehlukene zocwaningo. Ake sicabangele lokho izinhlobo ukuhlolwa kungasiza ukukhomba isifo.

Lapho laboratory yezokwelapha kungenziwa akhiwe?

Emitholampilo kanye nasezibhedlela kuyadingeka laboratory esinjalo, kuba benza izifundo ezifana:

1. I jikelele ukuhlaziywa emitholampilo.
2. Haematology.
3. ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali.
4. Immunoassay.
5. ukuhlaziywa Cytologic.
6. ukuhlaziywa Serological.
7. ukuhlaziywa microbiological.

Kufanele futhi ukugqamisa lab futhi wokubonisana yabesifazane, imitholampilo ekhethekile, ngisho Spas. laboratories maKristu abizwa sephrofayela, ngoba ukusebenza kuphela lunye yabo. Izakhiwo ezinkulu zezempilo laboratories eyodwa. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, iqalisa imishini eyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho konke uphethwe wenziwa nhlelo zokusebenzisa ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo laboratories yezokwelapha khona?

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ezikhungweni zocwaningo, kuvela lokhu kuzoncika zinhlobo futhi lawo amalabhorethri ngokwabo:

• Bacteriological, abagxile kakhulu ekuhloleni amasosha omzimba nokuhlola begazi.
• Virology Laboratory ukuxilonga izifo ezibangwa amagciwane, ukhiqiza igciwane amalungiselelo, nawa wokugoma, umthengisi serum mzimba.
• laboratory Parasitological wenza ukuhlola ukuthi kungakanani abakwaziyo ukuthola kucabanga, zisebenzisa izindlela helminthological ukwenza lokhu.
• Cytological luhlolo laboratory uqhuba impahla ekhethekile, okuyinto etholakala ngumuntu biopsy. Ngokuvamile ngalinye lala masonto laboratories zitholakala semitholampilo Oncology.

• Indawo ekhethekile kuhlala forensic laboratory emitholampilo. Kuleli qophelo, abacwaningi uphathe sifinyelela iziphetho mayelana ubufakazi begazi. Kulezi laboratories usebenzise uhla izinyathelo.
• Laboratory Pathologic izimisele kutholakale imbangela yokufa esiguli, isifundo ezivezwa impahla wokubhoboza, kanye ngokusebenzisa nenshisekelo biopsy.
• Public Health Laboratory is a division of esiteshini sanitary-epidemiological, njengoba umthetho, laboratories enjalo ukuhlola imvelo.

Ingabe ngidinga izifundo laboratory iziguli?

Laboratory ihlaziya, izimpokophelo ezihlobene iqiniso ukuthi kwakungenzeka yini ukuba afake ukuxilongwa okucacile nesineke ezimweni yesimanje, kudingeka. izakhiwo zesimanje ongenza eziningi ezihlukahlukene cwaningo ezahlukene, okuyinto kahle ithinta ezingeni ukunakekelwa ngezokwelashwa kanye nokwelashwa kweziguli bephethwe izifo ezihlukahlukene. Ukuze udlulisele lolu vivinyo kungaba wusizo kunoma izinto eziphilayo azithathe, okuyinto umuntu, isibonelo, avame wafunda umchamo futhi igazi, futhi kwezinye izimo i-smear isikhwehlela esithathwayo kanye nokususa.

Yiziphi imiphumela ukuhlolwa laboratory kanye nendima yabo imithi?

ukuhlolwa Laboratory linendima ebalulekile kwezokwelapha. Okokuqala Imiphumela kohlaziyo kuyadingeka ukuze kucaciswe uphethwe futhi baqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha lesifanele. Futhi ocwaningweni kusiza ukucacisa lapho ukwelashwa inketho ekulungele nesineke ngayinye. Ezimweni eziningi, zokugula sina ehluleka aqaphele kusaqalwa ngenxa zinyathelo. Uma uphethwe kwenziwa ngendlela efanele, dokotela ongasenza ukuhlolwa isimo isiguli sakhe cishe 80%. Njengoba lungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ongakusho okuningi ngesimo babantu, kuyisici igazi. Nale nokuhlaziywa emitholampilo kungathola cishe zonke izifo. ukusiza ukuze ufunde mayelana isimo iphutha namazinga, ngakho kwezinye izimo ukuhlaziya laboratory kungaba kwenziwe izikhathi eziningi.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zocwaningo khona?

laboratory Clinical afeze cwaningo ezifana:

• Uma lwasemtholampilo laboratory kwezokugoma wasebenzisa indlela, ngokuyisisekelo cwaningo zisekelwe nokuxhumana antigen. Lezi zindlela usize ukuxilonga khona izinambuzane wenze umzimba womuntu wakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi izifo ezithathelwanayo, kwembule iziyaluyalu hormone, kanye ukunquma propensity ukuba komzimba kanye nesifo. C usengakwazi ukusungula iqembu igazi le Assay.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungaba ezahlukene ngisho ngokuthi hematological izifundo. Ukuhlaziywa kwenziwe ukuze akwazi ukubona izifo eziningi lapho iseli isakhiwo kuyahlukahluka. assays ezinjalo zingase izinkinga ezinkulu, njengalezo wegazi, myeloma, ukuvuvukala kule izitho zangaphakathi.
• Ayikho ezingabalulekile kangako ubhekwa-molecular biology. Lolu cwaningo laboratory kusekelwe polymerase chain reaction, lapho DNA yengqamuzana kufundvwe. Nale ukuxilongwa kungenzeka ukuthola kwesibindi nge-HIV.
• Cytologic - ikuvumela ukufunda ngokucophelela amangqamuzana ngamanye, okuyinto ezibhekwa kuphela ngesibonakhulu. Ngemva kwalokhu, imiphumela yokuhlolwa ayatholakala, sokuqonda okungase ibonisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza emzimbeni, kwatholakala ukuthi nginesifo izifo sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba, kanye kunqunywa ukuvuvukala isifo izinqubo angakhula esigulini.
• ukubukwa zomuntu ngamunye okukhulunywa emitholampilo parasitology ukuhlaziywa. Ukusebenzisa ukuhlolwa okukhethekile laboratory awukwazi ukubona khona imikhaza nezikelemu. Ngokuvamile, ochwepheshe esetshenziswa amasu Darling, kanye smear bomdabu.
• izifundo Toxicological abazenzi ukuze bakwazi ukuthola ubukhona imizimba angaphandle emzimbeni futhi izinto, ezifana ubuthi ubuthi.
• ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali kwenziwa kaningi kunezinye nabanye abalwe ngenhla. Ngosizo yalezizifundo kunqunywa ezingeni amaprotheni ku amazinga serum glucose in umchamo futhi igazi.

Ukuze lokho liyakuphumula ukuhlolwa igazi?

Uhlaziyo lokuqala laboratory, okuyinto inikezwa isiguli emtholampilo - ukuhlolwa igazi. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngisho ushintsho kancane emzimbeni womuntu ngeke ngempela kubonakale ukwakheka kwegazi lakhe. Lolu ketshezi, esilibiza ngokuthi igazi kugeleza wonke umzimba futhi has a lot of ulwazi ngesimo sakhe. Yingenxa yokuxhumana kwawo wonke kwezitho zomzimba, igazi kusiza udokotela ukwenza imibono inhloso mayelana nesimo sezempilo.

Izinhlobo ukuhlolwa kwegazi ne injongo yabo

laboratory Medical ongenza eziningana izinhlobo ukuhlolwa igazi, ikakhulukazi indlela yabo futhi ezihlukahlukene kuzoncika inhloso cwaningo, ngakho zonke izinhlobo ukuhlolwa igazi kuyafaneleka ukucabangela kabanzi:

• Okuvame kakhulu isifundo ezivamile zokwelapha, okuyinto lwenziwe ukuze abone isifo esithile.
• Kwamakhemikhali ukuhlaziywa igazi kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba athole isithombe esiphelele umsebenzi izitho, kanye isikhathi ukucacisa yokuntuleka izakhi mkhondo ebalulekile.
• Igazi esithathwayo ukuze bakwazi ukuhlola ama-hormone. Uma uketshezi indlala kwenzeke izinguquko ezincane kakhulu, lokhu kungase kuholele ekutheni pathologies sina. laboratory Clinical uqhuba ihlaziya hormone, evumela ukuba ulungise umsebenzi umsebenzi womuntu zokuzala.
• Nge Revmoproby eyenziwa lahlukene igazi ukuhlolwa laboratory ezibonisa isimo izivikeli mzimba lesiguli. Ngokuvamile lolu hlobo uphethwe inikezwe abantu bakhononda ubuhlungu emalungeni, inhliziyo.
• ukuhlolwa kwegazi Serological ukunquma ukuthi umzimba uyakwazi ukubhekana ngandlela-thile igciwane, futhi lokhu ukuhlaziywa wembula khona noma yiziphi izifo.

Kungani kwenziwa ukuhlolwa laboratory umchamo?

Laboratory ukuhlaziya umchamo kusekelwe ekutadisheni Izakhiwo ezifana ubukhulu, umbala, ukuminyana, futhi ukusabela. Ukusebenzisa ahlukahlukene okuhlaziya amakhemikhali kunqunywa amaprotheni, khona-glucose, emizimbeni ketone, bilirubin, urobilinoidy. Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa ekutadisheni inzika, ngoba kulapho lapho kutholakala khona ungathola izingcezu epithelium negazi amanyela.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu ukuhlaziywa umchamo

Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla eyinhloko kungukuhlasela urinalysis, lezi zifundo ukuhlinzeka ithuba ukutadisha Izakhiwo kanye amakhemikhali izidakamizwa futhi ngesisekelo salokhu ukuba bafinyelele iziphetho ocacile, kodwa ngaphandle ukuthi kukhona Ihlahlubo eziningi nolunye uvivinyo:

• Urinalysis ngoba nechyporenko isifundo enemininingwane kakhulu lamaseli ngesibonakhulu, ngokusebenzisa le ukuhlaziywa, khona-leukocyte ibalwa, okuyinto evamile akumele leqe 2,000 erythrocyte - 1000.
• Laboratory ukuhlaziya umchamo Zimnitskiy ikuvumela uhlole efihlekile ngaphezulu okufanele alulaze noma omchamo ukuze lokuhlala evamile.
• Ukuze ukuhlaziywa umchamo ushukela ukunquma izifo endocrine ezinjengesifo sikashukela.
• Ukuvumela diastase ukuhlaziywa ukunquma inani legazi eziqukethwe umchamo.
• Bacteriological isiko umchamo unikela ukucacisa luvelo ukumelana nezilwanyana ezincane ezibangela isifo izidakamizwa.

Kushiwo ngamuphi umqondo ukuthi ukuhlaziya laboratory Cytology?

Ukuze ubone ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza kwabesifazane emzimbeni, ke lucwaningo ukuhlolwa laboratory ku Cytology. Kulokhu, lo wezifo zabesifazane, isiguli kungase kuthathe nokususa kusukela wesibeletho. Ukuze enze azihlole, kubalulekile ukuba silungiselele lokhu wezifo zabesifazane uzokweluleka kuzakwenziwani ukuhlaziya hhayi akhiphe imiphumela eyiphutha. Ngokuvamile lolu cwaningo emitholampilo anconywe bonke abesifazane abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-18 kabili ngonyaka ukuvimbela ukwakheka izimila.

Kushiwo ngamuphi umqondo ukuthi ukuhlaziywa swab kusukela emphinjeni?

Uma umuntu ngokuvamile uhlushwa izifo elingenhla ipheshana zokuphefumula, udokotela ingaqoka kuye sokunikela test emtholampilo ngokuthi swab emphinjeni, kuba ukuze bakwazi ukuqaphela izitshalo ongaphilile. Ngosizo isifundo esinjalo Ungathola inani eliqondile kwamagciwane abangela izifo futhi uqale ukwelashwa izidakamizwa elwa namagciwane.

Kangakanani ukulawula izinga cwaningo ihlaziya?

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi, umchamo kufanele lungabi naphutha, ngoba, kusukela lokhu, lo dokotela uzokwazi liqoke uphethwe eyengeziwe noma ukwelashwa. Wathi mayelana nokuhlaziywa kwemiphumela kungenzeka kuphela emva ngeke uqhathanise amasampula wokuhlola imiphumela izilinganiso. Phakathi nesifundo emitholampilo eyayisetshenziswa izinto ezinjalo: igazi serum, izixazululo aqueous ejwayelekile, impahla ezihlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo. izinto engeziwe lingasetshenziswa imvelaphi zokwenziwa, isib, isikhunta pathogenic futhi microbial isiko esekhulile ngokukhethekile.

kanjani imiphumela yokuhlolwa?

Ukunikeza ukuhlola kanye olunembile imiphumela yokuhlolwa emitholampilo, le ndlela ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa uma ukuhlolwa laboratory alotshwe ikhadi akhethekile usibeka uphawu nsuku zonke. ikhadi Yakhelwe isikhathi esithile, isibonelo, emasontweni amabili cwaningo ukulawula impahla, zonke izinguquko ezenzeka alotshwe kumephu.

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, udokotela liyadingeka ukugcina ukulawula laboratory phezu isimo isiguli sakhe, isibonelo, kubalulekile uma isiguli elungiselela ukuhlinzwa okukhulu. Lokho udokotela yena baqhubeka banembile imiphumela, kufanele siqiniseke ukwazi imingcele ephakathi esejwayelekile pathology ihlaziya ewadini yakhe. izinkomba eziphilayo ingase ihluke kancane, kodwa kukhona nalabo abangekho ubaluleke kakhulu kangakanani ukugxila. Kwezinye izimo, uma nemingcele ushintshwe amayunithi 0.5 kuphela, ukuthi kwanele umzimba wesintu, zazingekho izinguquko ezinkulu engelapheki.

Njengoba ubona, ukuhlola laboratory, ihlaziya zidlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yawo wonke umuntu, kanye nokuthuthukiswa imithi, ngoba ngosizo imiphumela emitholampilo etholwe iziguli eziningi ngeke sikwazi ukulondoloza impilo.