Sokusabalalisa okuvamile noma ukusatshalaliswa Gaussian

Phakathi kwabo bonke labo imithetho okungenzeka theory, sokusabalalisa okuvamile kwenzeka kaningi kakhulu, kuhlanganise kaningi ngaphezu iyunifomu. Mhlawumbe lesi simo sibangelwa imvelo ezijulile ayisisekelo. Phela, lolu hlobo ukusatshalaliswa siyenzeka lapho umfanekiso ekupha eziguquguqukayo okungahleliwe ezihilelekile eziningana, konke okuthinta indlela yabo. I evamile (noma Gaussian) ukusatshalaliswa kuleli cala etholwe ngenxa kwalokho we kukaMoya ezahlukene. Kuyinto ngenxa yokwanda ebanzi ukusatshalaliswa evamile, futhi lethiwa.

Noma nini sikhuluma kusho inani, kungaba imvula ngenyanga, kwehla kwemali lengenako kanye ukusebenza academic ekilasini, kulesi sibalo ukubaluleka kwalo, njengoba umthetho, wasebenzisa umthetho sokusabalalisa okuvamile. Lokhu value isilinganiso libizwa luwukulindelwa kanye igrafu uhambelana esiphezulu (ngokuvamile ukubizwa ngokuthi M). Nge efanele ukusatshalaliswa ijika kuyinto ziyalingana maqondana esiphezulu, kodwa empeleni lokhu akuhlali futhi kwamukelekile.

Ukuchaza umthetho evamile wokusabalalisa kwenombolo engahleliwe Futhi uzodinga ukwazi emgomeni (okhonjiswe σ - sigma). Kuchaza ukuma ijika kugrafu. I σ emikhulu, ijika kuyoba duda. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-σ ezincane, inembe kakhulu uzimisele inani eliyisilinganiso e isampuli. Ngakho-ke, i-RMS ezinkulu ngeziphambeko Kumelwe ngisho ukuthi ukubaluleka silinganiselwa kwibanga ezithile izinombolo, ayihambisani noma iyiphi inombolo.

Kanye neminye imithetho kwezibalo, umthetho ejwayelekile Ukusabalalisa kwamathuba liziphatha kunokubuthwa emikhulu isampuli, okungukuthi, inani lezinto ukuthi zinengxenye izilinganiso. Nokho, lapha ke kuboniswa enye umphumela: isampuli enkulu iba Amathuba amancane kakhulu yokuthola ukubaluleka ocacile, kuhlanganise isilinganiso. Amanani kuphela ziqoqwa eduze kwaphakathi nendawo. Ngakho-ke inembile inkulumo ethi ukuthi kwenombolo engahleliwe ukuba seduze value ocacile ohambisana okungenzeka ezithile.

Nquma ukuthi kungenzeka futhi kusiza emgomeni. Esikhathini "ezintathu sigma" isikhawu, okungukuthi, M +/- 3 * σ, ibekwe 97.3% wabo bonke ubuningi isampuli, futhi "ezinhlanu-sigma" ububanzi - cishe 99%. Lezi ngezikhawu ezisetshenziswa ukucacisa lapho kudingeka, seqiwe futhi eliphansi isampuli. Ematfuba ukuthi ukubaluleka nalesikhathi kwabahlanu sigma, azinakwa. Ekusebenteni, ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ezintathu sigma isikhawu.

sokusabalalisa okuvamile kungaba multidimensional. Kusolwa ukuthi into unamapharamitha amaningana ezimele, obonakaliswe iyunithi efanayo ngesilinganiso. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuphambuka we ichashazi kusukela maphakathi target thwi kanye nendawo phakathi labadubuli uzobe kuchazwe sokusabalalisa mgudumbili evamile. Igrafu lokhu ukusatshalaliswa i icala enhle efana awumfanekiso uguquko ijika indiza (Gaussian), njengoba kushiwo ngenhla.