Saint-Chapelle. Izikhangibavakashi e Paris

Ukusuka emgwaqweni waseMoscow-Paris, sibheke phambili eholidini elingenakulibaleka. Ithuba lokujwayelana nobuciko obuhle kanye nemisebenzi yobuciko, vakashela izindawo zokudlela eziningi kakhulu, "ukuthenga ezitolo ezithambile kakhulu nokunye okuningi - konke lokhu kuzokunika uhambo oluya eParis.

IParis yaseMexico

Kodwa kwakukhona elinye iParis - eliphakathi. Itholakala emabhange aseSeine, lapho lakhiwa njengenhloko-mkhosi. Ibhange elingakwesokudla kwakuyisikhungo sokuthenga, lapho kakade ngo-1183 kubonakala imakethe yangaphakathi i-Les Halless. Futhi ebhange elingakwesokunxele, kwakhiwa ezikoleni eziningi zesonto, amasonto, namakholeji.

Ngo-1163 i- Notre Dame Cathedral yakhiwa . Kamuva, ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaFiliphu Ngo-Agasti wesiBili, ukwakhiwa kweLouvre kwaqala. Futhi umzukulu wakhe ohloniphekile uLouis (uLouis the Ninth Saint) wakha isonto elihle laseSaint-Chapelle neSaint-Denis.

I-Paris yayiyisikhungo sombuso nesenkolo futhi ngekhulu le-14 laliye laba idolobha elikhulu kunazo zonke laseYurophu, lapho kwakuhlala khona abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amabili.

Izintambo

Sibonga uLouis the Saint, iParis kwakubhekwa njengenhloko yesibili yobuKristu. Nguye owayevela eFrance, kusukela e-7 kuya kweyisishiyagalolunye , wazisa eFrance izindinganiso ezibaluleke kakhulu kumaKristu ayekade egcinwa eConstantinople:

• Ingxenye yesiphambano seNkosi;
• Umqhele wameva kaMsindisi;
• Umkhonto ka Longin.

Ikakhulukazi ukugcinwa kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo, uLouis wakha iSaint-Chapelle. Isifiso sokuba nalezi zindlu kwakukhulu kakhulu kangangokuthi uMninimandla wamadwala, uLouis wabeka ngaleso sikhathi inani elikhulu lama-135,000.

I-Chapel yeSaint Chapelle

Isikhumbuzo esikhulu sezakhiwo se-Middle Ages sisendaweni yaseParis esiqhingini saseCité, esiseduze neSigodlo Sobulungisa kanye nejele laseConciergerie (lapho uMarie Antoinette eboshwe khona ngaphambi kokubulawa kwakhe). Leli bhishobhi liyisakhiwo esihle kakhulu sokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo se-Gothic.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, iSahluko esingcwele sadlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuliseni igunya lenkosi, njengoba yayinani elikhulu lamazinga ahlukene kanye neziqu ezingcwele. Isiqhingi saseSaint-Chapelle isikhathi eside sabhekwa njengesihloko esikhulu se-chapel kuze kube yilapho kuguqulwa khona, lapho okwakulimala khona emlilweni.

AmaKatolika, azama ukusindisa izinto ezingcwele ezivela ezingaphezu kwezinguquko, azifihla ezindaweni ezahlukene. Umqhele weMsindisi wawucatshangwa zibe izingxenye ezintathu.

Futhi ngo-1806 kuphela ama-shrines ayeqoqwe endaweni eyodwa, kodwa kakade asebekwe emcebweni we-Notre-Dame de Paris, lapho bahlala khona namhlanje.

Isakhiwo ngokwayo sakhiwe ngempumelelo ngekhulu le-19. UJean-Baptiste Lassius, uViolet de Luc noFelix Duban babesebenza ngokubuyiselwa. Uphahla, ukuphefumula, izitebhisi zangaphandle, amafasitela angenalutho kanye nokuhlobisa kwangaphakathi kwakulungiswa.

Ukwakhiwa

Ukwakhiwa kweSaint-Chapelle eParis kwenzelwa indawo ye-Royal Palace yangaphambili futhi kwaqedwa ngesikhathi esifushane seNkathi Ephakathi. Le nqubo yayiholwa nguPerre de Montreuil. Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwethempelini, ubuchwepheshe obuyingqayizivele basetshenziselwa, okuyizakhi zensimbi (zazisetshenziselwa ukusebenza ekwakhiweni kwamakhulu ayisithupha kamuva). Izindwangu, ezithinta indawo yonke yesonto, umklami wakwazi ukukhandla ngobuciko ekwakhekeni kwamafasitela angenalutho.

Ngenxa yale nqubo, kwakungenzeka ukufeza umuzwa wokukhanya nokungapheli kwengxenye engenhla yesakhiwo. Ngaphandle, isisekelo esinamandla nezindwangu ezinzima zihamba njengokungathi ukulinganisa lokhu kulula. Izinto zokwakhiwa kwakuyisihlabathi esinamandla kakhulu.

Naphezu kobukhulu bayo (ubude - amamitha angu-35, ububanzi - amamitha angu-17 nokuphakama - amamitha angu-43), iSaint-Chapelle imanga ngobuhle nobuhle bayo.

I-cathedral iqukethe ama-chapel amabili, aphezulu naphansi, ahlangene nesiteji esivunguza. I-spire ikhonywe ngumdwebo kaMikayeli omkhulu uMichael, futhi ophahleni kukhona odade bama-chimeras we-cathedral yase-Notre-Dame de Paris.

Isonto eliphansi

I-chapel ephansi isebenza njengesisekelo sesisekelo. Emagumbini ayo aphansi (6.6 amamitha), asekelwa ngamakholomu amakhulu, anesisindo saso sonke isakhiwo. Ekuqaleni, isonto eliphansi laseSaint-Chapelle lalihloselwe ukukhulekelwa kwenkantolo.

I-chapel ephansi ezinikezelwe iNdodana kaMariya ingcwelisiwe. Ekungeneni kwezivakashi ezakhayo bahlangana nesithombe sakhe. Iningi lemidwebo nokuhlobisa imifanekiso ethempelini kwabuyiselwa ekhulwini le-19. Kodwa kukhona izinto eziyingqayizivele, isibonelo, i-fresco yekhulu le-13, elikhombisa ukushicilelwa kuka-Annunciation futhi yiyona endala kunazo zonke e-Paris murals. Futhi lapha ungabona ingubo yezingalo zeNdlovukazi uBlanqui waseCastile (umama kaLouis the Ninth), ama-bas-reliefs angu-12 anezithombe zabaphostoli.

I-Upper Chapel

Uma kuqhathaniswa nengaphakathi elithobekile le-chapel eliphansi, izingxabano eziphezulu ngokukhazimula kwayo nokunethezeka. Kwaphela isikhathi eside, ukungena kwalesi sakhiwo kwakungenzeka kuphela ngokusebenzisa igalari ehlangene namakamelo enkosi. Bekulapha lapho kukhonjiswa khona isidumbu sesiliva esenziwe ngethusi, lapho kwakugcinwa khona izigcawu ezingcwele:

• Umqhele woMsindisi;
• Ingxenye yesiPhambano;
• Isembozo sekhanda likaJohane;
• Ubisi Bendodakazi;
• Icon "uMsindisi Angenziwanga Ngezandla" namanye amanani.

Konke lokhu kuthengwa nguLouis weNine ngo-1239. Kwaze kwaze kube yilapho sekuguqulwa, lapho i-Cancer Great yabhujiswa khona.

Nguye kuphela inkosi kanye namalungu omkhaya wasebukhosini abangavakashela isonto elingenhla. I-chapel ephezulu yeSaint-Chapelle ingcwelisiwe ngenkazimulo kaJesu Kristu. Lapha, njengengxenye engezansi, iningi lobuciko obubuyiselwe ekhulwini le-19. Kodwa kukhona abasindile ngokuyisimangaliso. Okuqala yisithombe sabaphostoli abahlanu. Phakathi kwabo yisithombe sikaSt. Peter, ophethe izihluthulelo zepharadesi ezandleni zakhe.

Imihlobiso ngendlela yamaqabunga, ahlobisa izihloko zezindonga eziseceleni, ungaphindaphindi. Umhlobiso we-cathedral wasebenzisa imifanekiso eminingi yembali yasebukhosini - i-lily. Izingelosi, ezikhonjiswe emhlobiso, zivuselela izigcawu ezingu-42 zokuhlushwa. Ukwakheka kwethempelini kufakwe izinkanyezi zegolide.

Windows of Light

Kodwa namanje udumo lomhlaba iKathhedral St-Chapel laletha ingilazi edayiziwe. I-chapel engenhla, okuphakama kwayo engaphezu kwezingamamitha angu-20, engenazo izindonga - zonke zifakwa esikhundleni sokuvula amawindi amakhulu. Lezi zindiza zigcwele amafasitela angaphakathi angaphakathi, okuyizingalo eziyi-600. Iningi labo liyi-reproduction elihle kakhulu, kodwa kukhona futhi okuqala.

Kunezigcawu ezingu-1113 zeBhayibheli ezinamafasitela angama-15 anesiglasi. Amafasitela angama-14 angenamabala "afunde" kusukela kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla, ebabuka, ungafunda wonke umlando wezwe kusukela ekuzalweni kuze kube sekubethelwa kukaJesu Kristu. Iwindi elinesigqabha "Umlando wezinhlamvu ze-Passion of Christ" yiyona kuphela efundwayo "eduze kwenyoka", kusukela ngezansi ukusuka kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla, bese kusuka kwesokudla kuya kwesobunxele. Lichaza isimo sokutholakala kwemicibisholo yaseSt Helen eJerusalema nokufika kwabo eFrance.

Ngokuphambene newindi elingajwayelekile lokungilazi-ingilazi - iWestern Rose. Ifinyelela amamitha ayisishiyagalolunye ububanzi, ibonisa izigcawu ze-apocalypse. Ephakathi kwe rose, uJesu ubuyela ekwahluleleni abaphilayo nabafileyo ekupheleni kwezwe.

Emafasiteleni angaphakathi-ingilazi ungabona uKristu, uJohane uMfundisi wezeMfundiso yenkolo noJohane uMbhapathizi. Okunye kubonisa izindaba ezivela eTestamente Elidala. Imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nombala obomvu, ebaluleke kakhulu ekuhlotsheni kwegumbi, linikeze ithempeli ukukhanya okukhethekile nombala.

Kungcono ukuvakashela iSaint-Chapelle esimweni sezulu esishisayo, ngaleyo ndlela amafasitela angenangqamuzana anika ukukhanya okungajwayelekile, ngomzwelo wokuthinta into enkulu kakhulu.

Ungafika kanjani lapho

Uma ufuna ukubonga lobuciko obuhle obukhulu be-Gothic eFrance, kuqala kokunye udinga ukuthenga ithikithi eMoscow-Paris. Futhi kakade kusayithi kukhona izinketho eziningi zokuvakashela Saint-Chapelle.

Ukuhamba eParis ngemoto, udinga ukuhamba no-Seine eBoulevard du Pale, vula futhi uzobe usuhlombe. Noma ungafika lapho ngebhasi - imizila eyokuyisa ekedethralini iningi. Uma uhambela umuzi ngametrodi, khona-ke udinga ukuya esiteji Cite.

Ukuvakashela i-cathedral kuzodla ama-euro ayisishiyagalolunye, kuyilapho intsha isukela eminyakeni engu-18 kuya kwengu-25 - ama-euro ayisithupha, kanti izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 zingakwazi ukuvakasha mahhala. Noma ungathenga ikhadi lemyuziyamu, elibiza kusuka ku-39 ukuya kuma-euro angu-69, kuye ngezikhathi zokufaneleka. Kuyo ungavakashela ezinye izinto eziningi eParis.

Ukubuyekeza

Abavakashi abavakashele iKathedral of Saint-Chapelle, bajabule ukwabelana ngempendulo yabo. Ngokuyinhloko lokhu kuyiqiniso, amazwi okubonga nokujabula. Lesi sakhiwo esincane kodwa esihloniphekile siveza imizwa nemizwa ekhethekile.

Into kuphela engasebenziyo ukujabulela ubuhle yedwa, futhi cishe kuyomelwe uhlale emgqeni phambi komnyango, njengoba kuningi izivakashi eziningi lapho. Kodwa emva kokuvakashela lapho, abantu abazisoli ukuchitha isikhathi, kodwa ngokuphambene nalokho, batusa ngokuqinile ukuya kule ndawo engcwele.

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi kungcono ukuthatha uhambo ngosuku olukhanyayo olusenyakatho ukuze uthole okuningi emdlalweni wemisebe yelanga phezu kwamafasitela angamabala.