The main izinkinga zemvelo of Africa

izinkinga emvelweni Afrika kukhona ezibaluleke kakhulu ngokuba umhlaba wonke, ngoba nezwekazi yesibili encane kunazo zonke futhi bakhona abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane. I ukwanda kwabantu ezomhlaba abantu 31 square kilometre.

esikalini

Izinkinga ezithinta imvelo ezithinta amazwe 55 Afrika lapho kukhona imizi 37 ezinababaleki abangaphezu kwesigidi. Lena nezwekazi ezishisa kakhulu emhlabeni, ngoba itholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo. Nokho, ngenxa ubukhulu zensimu bungabonakala esishintshashintshayo nge ezahlukene sezulu imibuso.

indawo Afrika, befuna amakhambi ezinkinga zemvelo - ogwadule, tropical ihlathi uhlobo, nokuningi. Empeleni lapha ubuswa emathafeni, ezinkangala nezintaba ngezikhathi ezithile. Iphuzu esiphezulu - Mount Kilimanjaro, intaba-mlilo, ezinde at 5.895 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle.

ukunganakwa

ohulumeni izwekazi hhayi kakhulu sinake izinkinga zemvelo zase-Afrika nase izindlela ukuzixazulula. Bambalwa abantu obakhathalelayo ukunciphisa umthelela elimazayo emvelweni. Ubuchwepheshe banamuhla benza ngoba nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kuthiwa awenziwanga. Hhayi ukuxazulula izinkinga zemvelo of Africa ukunciphisa noma ukuqeda imfucuza.

ukunakwa okukhulu kufanele inikwe izimboni ezifana ezinkulu nezincane nokukhiqiza umkhakha, ukucutshungulwa metal, zizalela isilwane, futhi emkhakheni wezolimo kanye isiqoqi sama-softwe.

izinkinga Afrika kwemvelo ngenxa yokuthi enkulu ekwakhekeni izinzuzo ezithile zokuphepha dengwane amasu kwekhabhoni kungukuthi ukugeza adedelwa emkhathini ngendlela ingelashwa, semali amanzi angcolile uya emanzini.

The main izici ezilimazayo

imfucuza Chemical singena imvelo, ukungcola kanye ngiyajabula ke. kuphakama izinkinga Environmental e-Afrika, ngoba imithombo asetshenziswa nemiyalezo, kunokuba ngendlela ehluzekile futhi ucabangisise.

Umhlaba bexhashazwa, idolobha kakhulu uphuphuma abantu baphila ngaphansi kwezimo zobumpofu. Ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi imizana ngezinye izikhathi njengoba eliphezulu 75%, okuyinto ezingeni esibucayi. Ochwepheshe baqeqeshiwe kabi. Ngakho ukuthi imvelo phansi, njengoba indoda - iyingxenye ebalulekile kuso.

Eqinisweni, leli zwekazi has a nezilwane esiyingqayizivele nezimila. Esikhathini savannah zendawo ungathola nezihlahla enhle, izihlahla ezincane nezinhlobo ehlathini terminals, kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziningi ezinhle. I Kungashiwo okufanayo mayelana nezilwane. Nokho, amabhubesi, izingulule, izingwe kanye nezinye izakhamuzi Chic izindawo zendawo abahlushwa nabazingeli abangekho emthethweni, imisebenzi kabani lobugebengu kungukuthi ukuyiveza nguMbuso ezingeni elifanele.

Ukunyamalala okusongelayo ukuba abameleli abaningi kakhulu izilwane zasendle, futhi abanye futhi wanyamalala ngokuphelele ebusweni bomhlaba. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho esetshenziswa ukuba wathola Quagga, okuyinto nesihlobo esiseduze salowo yasendle nedube, futhi ukudalwa equines. Manje libhujiswa ngokuphelele. Okokuqala, abantu baye bathambisa lesi silo, kodwa ke ngakho kabi ukwethenjwa kwakhe, owanikhipha yokuqothulwa. Endle, zinyanga ndlovu enjalo wabulawa ngo-1878. Bazama ukugcina zoo, kodwa ngisho nalapho uhlanga walo waphazanyiswa ngo-1883.

ababhubhayo nemvelo

Izinkinga ezithinta imvelo eNyakatho Afrika ikakhulukazi aqukethe izindawo eziphenduka ugwadule, okuyinto ngenxa kwamahlathi nokuklaba engalawuliwe, okuyinto isebenza kubo bonke endaweni entsha, bethulula kubo. Ngakho, umhlaba nemithombo phansi nenhlabathi othambekele ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi.

Ngenxa yalokho, kunokuhlukana ezingwadule, okuyinto nezwekazi unakho yini okwanele. Uba amahlathi amancane, okuyizinto Abadali oxygen.

Izinkinga ezithinta imvelo eNingizimu Afrika kanye maphakathi eziningi ukubhujiswa tropical wemboni afanayo. Libuye esiyingozi futhi kwakhiwa ulimaza imvelo indawo is kuleli zwekazi, idolobha ehlukile izenzo njengendawo yokulahla ngokuthi Agbogbloshi.

It yadalwa engxenyeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga nezwekazi eduze ihlokodorobha yeGhana - Accra. Yindawo "yokuhlakanipha uyakuphumula" electronic imfucuza eqoqwe emhlabeni wonke. Lapha ungabona namathelevishini ubudala futhi izingxenye computer, izingcingo, ama-scanner nama namanye amadivayisi efanayo.

Kusukela doti enjalo emhlabathini uwela mercury a hydrochloric acid eziyingozi, i-arsenic ezinesihlungu, ngezinto ezihlukahlukene, uthuli phambili nezinye izinhlobo zamakhemikhali ibe yisikali esesabisayo esingeqile iyiphi izimbobo, futhi umthamo kuyinto abangamakhulu amaningana izikhathi okuhlushwa.

Amanzi zendawo isikhathi eside wonke Izinhlanzi zafa, izinyoni akazange alinge ezindiza emoyeni wasekhaya, phansi akukho utshani. Abantu abahlala eduze, ngife ekuseni kakhulu.

ngaphakathi ukukhashelwa

Esinye isici ezimbi wukuthi ikhanda lamazwe wendawo ongene izivumelwano, owawuthi kulomhlaba baletha futhi balimbela umkhakha chemical imfucuza.

Lona kungaba sekungavumi ukuqonda ingozi ka ngemiphumela, noma plain rush abahahayo imali ku kokubhubhisa kubangelwa ubunjalo esifundeni yabo. Kunoma ikuphi, konke lokhu kunomthelela omubi kwezemvelo kanye nezimpilo zabantu.

Phakathi kwamazwe anothile, it is here eliqhutshwa ezinobuthi kanye compounds enemisebe kwakhiwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, njengoba ekucubunguleni kwabo kuyoba ezibizayo nokunye okuningi. Ngakho, ukuze uthole inzuzo ubunjalo Afrika ungabhubhisi kuphela abameleli kwamanye amazwe, kodwa futhi labo kufanele banakekele endaweni futhi banakekele wakhe.

Ukuncipha kwamanzi angaphansi nezilwane

Phakathi nekhulu le-18 inciphise inani imithini, njengoba uboya zithandwa kakhulu. Ngenxa le "igolide ezithambile" abantu baya ubugebengu ngokumelene imvelo. Ngo-1984, idamu amasango ziye kuvulwe ngenxa ukubulala inkulungwane 10. Caribou wenza ukufuduka. Wahlushwa amahlosi, nezimpisi eziningi nezinye izilwane.

Entshonalanga nezwekazi ngokushesha ekubeni obhejane yokuqothulwa nombala omnyama. Ochwepheshe kwi ukuvikelwa imvelo bakholelwa ukuthi imbangela isenzo engalawuliwe abazingela ngokungemthetho abenza kakhulu bakhangwa izimpondo lezi kuthengiswa izilwane ngamanani amba eqolo ngomgunyathi.

Futhi ahlupheke futhi amalungu ezimhlophe kwezinhlobo, okungase ukuhlangabezana enyakatho. Cishe ikota yebahlali esincelisayo zinhlobo abahlala kuleli zwekazi zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele. Amphibians zinyamalala ngokushesha nakakhulu. Izibalo kuyinto avuselelwe, kodwa kuletha akuyona izindaba ezinhle.

Uma uhulumeni azibonisi sina kwimvelo, uhlu lwezinkinga kungandisa kuphela, ngakho okwamanje kubalulekile ukuqaliswa ushintsho oluhle.