Ngasinye sendawo - kuyinto umhlobiso omuhle loMhlaba

Edayisa ukudla kwamazwe ahlukene futhi sendawo zinhlobo - zilwane okuphambene nomunye phezu ndawo. Igama liyazikhulumela: ἔνδημος elihunyushwe kusuka lesiGreki lisho "wendawo". Imisebenzi Ebalulekile izimila nezilwane iyiphi endaweni evalelekile ngokuthi endemism.

Bahlalaphi

izitshalo sendawo, kanye nezilwane sendawo, izinyoni, izinambuzane, ngokuvamile atholakala kunoma iyiphi esigodini esisodwa kuya bulala, ogwadule noma eziqhingini wasolwandle. Singasho ukuthi ezicebile sendawo ezindaweni ukuthi akazange nabo isikhathi eside yemvelo kanye nalabamele yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene bamazwe. Lokhu, isibonelo, Madagascar, Hawaii, isiqhingi of St Helena.

Esikhathini enamadwala lwaseNamibia ehlane e-Afrika likhula isitshalo engavamile zama-welwitschia mirabilis - zama-welwitschia emangalisayo, kuba sengathi kuhlangene ehlangeni aphume isihlabathi esomile ukuhanguka isiphethu samanzi ashisayo iDemo isihambi emangalisayo ubuhle ezingalindelekile.

Abadala nabasha

Izindawo lapho ungathola sendawo - it is engabulawa engavimba inani isikhala, lokhu kungaba mikhulu. Sendawo izingcingo isayensi nezinhlobo enjalo zezitshalo nezilwane, ngoba zivamile kule yimuphi izwekazi elilodwa noma ingxenye yalo. Ngokwesibonelo, iningi zikagamthilini ezikhulayo e-Australia naseNew Zealand, ingenye kwezinhlobo zalesi sitshalo kutholakala kuphela e-Philippines. Kwenzeka into efanayo ne okwakuvela ohlotsheni olukhethekile lwenkanyezi softwood - Metasequoia (Metasequoia glyptostroboides), ukhule okungaba kuze kube amathathu ubude. Wayebhekwa yokuqothulwa emhlabeni, kodwa phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ososayensi bathola lezo zihlahla emahlathini asezintabeni esifundazweni Sichuan. Khona-ke Metasequoia ezitholakala kwezinye izindawo elilinganiselwe eNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Izazi zithi lokhu sekuphenduke umkhuba - imelele zilwane lasendulo, okuyinto nangokuqondile ngokuthi paleoendemikom. Ngokuphambene, kukhona neoendemics okuthiwa - kuphakama izinhlobo ezintsha zezinto eziphilayo ezindaweni ezicezile.

Ohlala emanzini okucacile iChibi iBaikal

Kwavela iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-25 edlule, i-ejulile fresh umzimba ngamanzi idume inqwaba zilwane sendawo. Ongoti bathole ukuthi zonke izakhamuzi wesithathu echibini - sekuphenduke umkhuba. Lokhu izinhlanzi (iBaikal sculpin, golomyanka, Cisco), ezinamagobolondo (amphipod), ezingenamgogodla (izipanji iBaikal).

IChibi iBaikal inama omangalisayo angenasawoti uphawu, olubizwa nangokuthi iBaikal uphawu. Lolu hlobo sendawo itholakala izingxenye enyakatho kanye nolwandle. nerpa hibernates e Burrows ngaphansi eqhweni noma ice, raking kubo emoyeni izimbobo ekhethekile - le izimbobo emoyeni. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi uphawu wangena iBaikal kusukela e-Arctic Ocean ngokusebenzisa enyakatho Yenisei River kanye Angara eMfuleni ngokuvutha Ice Age.

izinsalela yesimanje

Phakathi kwezinye izilwane edume kunazo sendawo kungenziwa ngokuthi amabutho ama-marsupial futhi Oviparous. I paleoendemiki endala ebizwa nangokuthi izinsalela zamathambo ophilayo. Phakathi kwalezi zazi ziye zakhomba iqembu cishe yokuqothulwa Crossopterygii. I amaphiko la abameleli umbuso amanzi ubekwe izindwani kwemisipha. Namuhla, amasampula kuphela Crossopterygii bathola ngo-1938 izinhlanzi sendawo okuthiwa i-coelacanth. Olunye uhlobo lokhu ezimpilweni izinhlanzi oluseningizimu ye nasempumalanga ye-Afrika, kanye nezinye - eduze esiqhingini Sulawesi e-Indonesia.

Ezinye izinhlobo zayo eziningi sendawo ezisohlwini Incwadi Red. Phakathi kwabo - njengekati elisengozini ulwandle iCaspian uphawu. Ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu, i-South West Indian eziphilayo bok lvinohvosty macaques, olubizwa nangokuthi Vander kubo Emhlabeni azikho nengxenye ayizinkulungwane engaphezu kwemibili futhi. Omunye lwezilwane ezisengozini kakhulu izilwane ufudu iplanethi angonoka okuthiwa.

Igama elithi "sendawo" futhi linencazelo engokomfanekiso, ngezinye izikhathi njengesifenqo zisebenzisa lapho ekhuluma Emasiko, okwenzeka esikhathini ethnographic, inkolo noma yibaphi abanye abantu bobunye wendawo.