Romashkinskoye ensimini: incazelo, umlando, izici kanye nezici

Romashkinskoye uwoyela ensimini ingenye eziyishumi supergiant phezu ngezigaba international. Ekuthuthukiseni izindlela zokukhiqiza uwoyela , ososayensi Russian wenze inani eminingi etholakale udale ubuchwepheshe esiyingqayizivele elisetshenziswa emhlabeni ka izinhlobo zezimayini nokumbiwa ukuhlola. Inkambu siqhutshwa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu ayisithupha, kodwa amandla ayo namanje omkhulu futhi akwaziwa ngokuphelele.

Ukuvulwa lamafutha Tatar

Esikhathini eko kwekhulu elidlule kanye nokufakwa uhulumeni wokuqala lamaSoviet laqala lwesiTatar uwoyela ukuhlola. Lolu hambo lokuqala owahamba elizimisele ukuthola ensimini, ungazange yimpumelelo, kodwa ngo-1930 yokusondela uphenyo uye bagxila kakhulu futhi eyashukumisela. A umzamo omusha ezihambelana nokwenziwa komsebenzi lempi usongo isiwombe iJalimane North imali.

I sesho zeluliwe, okuhlangenwe nakho lokuqala uwoyela ukuhlola yaze yaqala ngo-1941. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, endaweni Shugurovo kwalesi sigodi, nge yokubhola umthombo wakwazi ukuthola ukugeleza uwoyela isikali zezimboni - amathani ngelanga 15. Inkambu lethiwa emzaneni eduze lapho athuthukiswe kahle. ensimini Shugurovskoe, kwaba ukuqala emlandweni amafutha Tatar okuphekiwe bamangala kakhulu Laba.

Giant eduze Romashkino

Romashkinskoye uwoyela ensimini latholakala ngo-1946. Uphi giant owenze Tatarstan omunye ezifundeni zezimboni ezibaluleke kakhulu? amakhilomitha Twenty kusukela Shugurovskogo Oilfield, eduze Romashkino emzaneni (Manje nansi edolobheni Leninogorsk). Ngezinhloso intelligence sibekwe kahle, okuyinto emva kweminyaka emibili imishini kwaveza imiphumela eziye kahle kakhulu. Phakathi Ucwaningo umsebenzi wakwazi ukudlula Devonian ekwakhekeni, futhi ngo-July 25 kusukela Borehole kukora lasebhange umthombo uwoyela amathani angaphezu kuka-120 zokukhiqiza ngosuku.

Ukuvula Romashkinskoye ensimini alethwe oilmen Stalin Prize. izifundo Okwalandela sebekhombisile engaba imali mafutha Shugurovskoe ensimini kuyingxenye Romashkinskoye futhi zemvelo isakhiwo Igumbi kuyinto multilayer. Ukuze amafutha ngendlela yezomnotho waqala in the 50s.

Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi kamuva, izazi zokuma komhlaba baye bathola enye imali oluyimfihlakalo kunalo lonke. izilinganiso zokuqala imali elilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-710 amathani uwoyela, okwamanje ukukhiqiza safinyelela amathani abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu. Ochwepheshe uqaphele isimo ejabhile kwemithombo, okuyinto ngezikhathi akhishwe futhi ugcwale futhi, ukuchaza lesi simo kuze kube manje akekho okwaziyo.

izici

Ngemva enifeza isifundo emikhulu ngokuhlukumeza okunamandla uwoyela esindayo kwezakhi, ososayensi eduze ukuqonda umsuka kanjani nokuthi yini engaba igcina inkambu Romashkinskoye. Incazelo zomhlaba izinkomba uyalandisa yona Soksko-Sheshminskomu kushaft. Geological ukulinganisa umthamo kawoyela elilingana amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu amahlanu, kanye nenombolo ezinengqondo reserve Amasheya Nama ekhishwe impahla eluhlaza kuyinto amathani abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu. Ukujula lapho kwenziwa design zanamuhla, hhayi ngaphezulu kuka 1.8 amakhilomitha. Ubukhulu asondele futhi bazimisele ngaphakathi km 65 x 75. Yokuqala ngosuku ivolumu kahle ngamunye amathani kungathi izingalo ezingamakhulu amabili.

Romashkinskoye uwoyela ensimini namuhla kuhlanganisa cishe abangamakhulu amabili ezifakwa uwoyela siyachazwa. I kwabantu of uwoyela ongahluziwe kuyinto 0.8 g / cm³ - 0,82 g / cm³, lapho khona isibabule izingxenye zalo imayelana 2%. Emkhakheni ukuthuthukiswa ziye owethulwa nezindlela vnutrikonturnogo ipherimitha manje izikhukhula sisetshenziswa umkhuba emhlabeni kwezimayini uwoyela. Maphakathi umkhiqizo kawoyela yasendle lingumuzi Almetyevsk.

Izici

Romashkinskoye ensimini uwoyela multilayer ngaphansi ukuthuthukiswa sokucasuka inqwaba emisha, okwatholwa ngempumelelo zobuchwepheshe. Esikhathini ngobukhulu amadamu isiRashiya uwoyela lisikiwe, wahlela cishe nendawo, wabe lokhu "pie" permeability ongaphakeme ubumba amatshe. Babhekane nezinga elikhulu kuyinto izenzo ezingafanele, futhi idiphozi enkulu namafutha oluthambile futhi ongaphakeme amanzi permeability.

Le nkampani "Tatneft" manje ukusizakala. ensimini Romashkinskoye. Kutfutfukiswa kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukugqwala sangaphakathi amapayipi, okuholela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu metal, esidayisa amapayipi wokusebenza ekuseni. Lesi sici hydrocarbon wendawo udinga okuqhubekayo imishini zokuqapha, ukulungiswa ebizayo uwoyela ukuhlangana izinhlelo futhi kuholela ukungcola okukhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlaziywa izinkomba ukwehluleka uwoyela ukuhlangana izinhlelo izinkampani NGDU Irkenneft for 1999 ubonisa ukuthi u-27% wabo bonke ukwehluleka elihlobene ne ukugqwala yangaphakathi.

Romashkinskoye uwoyela yasensimini esinye isici: nentaba waterflooding wenziwa hhayi kuphela ngamanzi kodwa izidingo ezikhethekile. Ukuze ugcwalise ukusetshenziswa Kunconywa yamanzi Ukwakheka equkethe uwoyela 20 mg / l, lensimbi nangomthofu 2 mg / l kanye ukudla okuqinile imisiwe ka-16 mg / l, futhi ubukhulu yokugcina akumele leqe usayizi-10 microns.

isimo samanje

Kuze kube manje, yeRiphabhuliki yaseTatarstan Kwatholakala engaphezu kwekhulu idiphozithi yanoma hydrocarbon, Romashkinskoye uwoyela ensimini namanje kwekulu. Phakathi naso sonke isikhathi emafutheni Tatarstan ukuthi akhishwa amathani angaphezu kwe 3 billion inani Romashkinskoye isizinda ekusakazeni ngokuvamile angaphezu kuka-70%. Kusukela ekujuleni ensimini akhethiwe amathani angaphezu kwe-2.2 billion, kusho ukukhiqizwa izinqolobane 85%.

Ngokwenkolelo ethandwayo esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, okungukuthi 2065, kubhaliswe ku ibhalansi ngamasheya Romashkinskoye giant uzobe misela ngokugcwele. Ngesikhathi sigaba samanje sihlelwe ukuhlola okwengeziwe izidubedube, ukwethulwa ubuchwepheshe obusha ezokwenza ukunweba kokukhiqiza 2200. Ngokusho ososayensi ucwaningo emkhakheni kawoyela njalo fed kusuka ekujuleni, kodwa ngenxa isikhathi ukukhiqizwa izilokotho.

ngombono

Semvelo, njengokuduma-genie kusuka inganekwane - ngesandla esisodwa kudala, omunye ebhubhisa. Kwenzeka hhayi izingqimba kuphela uwoyela izimonyo, kodwa nokubhujiswa kwabo eziholela kumiswa uwoyela esindayo futhi itiyela. uwoyela Khanyisa Paleozoic avuke phezulu futhi oxidized, kuphumele siguqulwe 'isondo "ukuthi unawo izingqimba engezansi uwoyela. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi isimo esifanayo emasimini iningi amafutha Tatarstan, hhayi ngaphandle Romashkinskoye ensimini. Izoba giant Nini? Kule ndaba impendulo esisemthethweni kungaba olandelayo 2026, kodwa ikhumbula ucwaningo lwakamuva - e namakhulu ambalwa eminyaka ngemva.

inkampani ukuthuthukiswa

"Tatneft" inkampani amashumi eminyaka, iyona kuphela kunjiniyela Romashkinskoye ensimini. Babalelwa ku-60% we ukukhiqiza ingqikithi igolide omnyama e-akhawunti inkampani ukuze Romashkinskoye NM, lonke ukukhiqizwa lwenzeka ngesikhathi Novo-Elkhovskoye, Bondyuzhanskom, Sabanchinskoye, Bavly, Pervomaisky Amasimu.

Inkampani unaka kakhulu kuya ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokwethulwa izindlela ezintsha ezimayini nasembonini uwoyela kwehlwaywe, ubuchwepheshe ezintsha sivivinywa, ephelelisiwe izinhlelo kanye nemishini. Ngo-2006, ilayisensi ukuthuthukisa insimu Romashkinskoye PJSC "Tatneft" linwetshelwe kuze 2038.

isici kwemvelo

Ikhetha lwamafutha Romashkinskoye ensimini njenganoma yikuphi namanye amathonya isimo zokuzamazama komhlaba esifundeni. Ukuthuthukiswa omkhulu, nengozi isuke inkulu lokuzamazama komhlaba. Ngokusho oyiphawulile eminyakeni ethile, kwakukhona engu-ayisikhombisa izenzakalo zokuzamazama komhlaba ekuthuthukisweni kwendawo. Futhi imvelo kukhona kubathinta inqubo kwekhabhoni ezihambisana umsebenzi ayinawo amafutha umkhakha eziyinkimbinkimbi. izinto ezilimazayo futhi enobuthi emoyeni, umhlabathi, bangcolise amanzi.

Inkampani PJSC "Tatneft" wenza konke okusemandleni ukuze alondoloze emvelweni ekuthuthukiseni Romashkinskoye ensimini. Umlando uyazi izinhlekelele eziningi ziye zashintsha ibhalansi imvelo, futhi ngoba ibhizinisi Russian ufuna ukunciphisa imiphumela.

lwati lolufinyetiwe inkampani

Ngo-1950, elase-USSR Council of Ministers wadala Ukukhiqiza Technical Association "Tatneft". Isimo esisha evulekile inkampani isitokwe ngokuhlanganyela, inkampani wathola ngo-1994.

Masheya cishe 45.746 amabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo:

• JSC "National Settlement Depository" (ngaphezu kuka-47% wamasheya).
• JSC "Depository Central weRiphabhulikhi Tatarstan" (mayelana 33,6% wamasheya).
• OAO Lukoil Neseas Holding ltd ACM, inkampani ephethwe inkampani "Lukoil" (mayelana 7.3% wamasheya).
• AO Feisen Bank International (babalelwa ku-6% wamasheya).

CEO - Maganov Nail Ulfatovich, Usihlalo Webhodi Labaqondisi - Minnihanov Rustam Nurgilievich.