Rhythm in eziphilayo - factor isigqi ...

Rhythm in eziphilayo - ke iyisici ethakazelisa kakhulu. Namuhla ososayensi abaningi wahlanganyela ucwaningo zalesi simo. Rhythm in eziphilayo - kuyinqubo jikelele ohlupha zonke izinto eziphilayo. Kulesi uzobona ngokufunda kulesi sihloko.

Isimiso ubunye umzimba kanye imvelo ingenye izimiso besayensi yanamuhla. Zonke izinto eziphilayo, kuhlanganise uhlelo supraorganismal, lokulandisa ngobunye kuyo ukuthi bahlalaphi, banomlando isigqi zonke izinqubo zawo. imisebenzi ebalulekile wabo kungaphansi isigqi gqwa elitjengisa isigqi impendulo yonke yonke (kufaka Geophysical, lomkhathi), kanye nemvelo.

PY Sokolov, isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu isiRashiya, uphawula ukuthi zonke izilwane nezitshalo, kanye nalo, futhi abantu njalo phakade nemiphumela emhlabeni wangempela futhi uhlangabezana Rhythmic Ukwedlula ukusabela eceleni kwenhliziyo eshayayo zomhlaba.

Yiziphi biorhythms?

Ake sicabangele umqondo kufanele sibe nesithakazelo. isigqi ababazalayo izinguquko gqwa iyisicefe umlingisi futhi ufake umfutho owengeziwe imihlola yemvelo nezinqubo. Lezi zinqubo batch abe ububanzi uhla amaza. Batholakala ku ngayinye amazinga inhlangano eziphilayo izinhlelo. I biosystem nzima, ngakho-ke has inombolo enkulu biorhythms. Basuke fixed ezakhini zofuzo. Rhythm in eziphilayo - into okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ngoba lithathelwe futhi kwemvelo eziphilayo.

ukhona kungenxa ukuvumelanisa izinqubo kwamakhemikhali. Njengoba umzimba ophilayo uhlelo phezulu, idinga ukuba sibe abalinganiselayo ukusebenza subsystems yayo ehlukahlukene amazinga isikhathi ngesikhathi nje kuphela kodwa futhi esikhaleni begazi.

Kulesi sihloko uzofunda ngokuningiliziwe lokho isigqi eziphilayo. Izenzo, izakhiwo, kanye nezibonelo zichaziwe ngezansi.

Chronobiology: ukuvela nokuthuthukiswa

Isayensi ukuthi etadisha isigqi yemvelo, ibizwa ngokuthi chronobiology. Kuyaziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ukuthi amacembe kanye amaqabunga izitshalo, kuye ngokuthi yisiphi isikhathi sosuku ukuze kukwazi ukunyakaza ngendlela ethile. Karl Linney emuva 1745 owasungula le "imbali iwashi" (ngezansi) ukunquma isikhathi babe okuxekethile kanye nokuvala izimbali.

Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-19, isifundo sokuqala isigqi lomzimba kubantu sezenziwe, ezifana nezinga lokushisa komzimba, imvamisa ukuchama nokushaya kwenhliziyo. Njengoba e zomzimba izincwadi kwalesi sikhathi zitholakala izinkomba bokuba khona imisebenzi Rhythmic ukuthi kukhona endogenous, okusho ukuthi zenzeka emzimbeni. Ngo-1936-ke ekugcineni kwaba namasimu isigqi endogenous lomzimba zezitshalo izimbali. Ngenxa yale njongo noma iliphi ithonya zangaphandle kubo athola.

mlando Okunye ekuthuthukiseni isayensi ye chronobiology - kuvulwa orientation izinyoni izinyosi zindiza esenziwa yilanga, isiqinisekiso khona umzimba wobuntu endogenous isigqi lomzimba. A sikhonzi esaba negalelo elisha lo wanikelwa isayensi ngenxa ucwaningo isikhala. Njengoba ngaphambili, wozawoza ososayensi ekuhloleni isigqi ongizalayo ekutadisheni isigqi yonyaka, inyanga diurnal.

Rhythms futhi oluhambelana bokuphila

Ukwabela elandelayo ngezigaba zabo ngokuya budlelwane emkhatsini wetincenye imvelo futhi umzimba.

1. Rhythms oluhambelana (biorhythm) - lokhu oscillation nezikhathi ukuthi sekuseduze ukuba nowe ezibucayi Geophysical. indima yabo ukuzivumelanisa eziphilayo ezahlukene nokushintsha kwendawo ezungezile ezenzeka ngezikhathi. imvamisa yabo uzinzile.
2. isigqi bokuphila (ukusebenza) - kunyakaza abonisa umsebenzi amasistimu bokuphila ephilayo ethile. ukuvama kwazo siyahluka kakhulu futhi kuncike isimo umzimba.

Rhythms of exogenous futhi endogenous

I isigqi yemvelo ukubukeka zihlukaniswe exogenous futhi endogenous. Exogenous - yokusabela umzimba nokushintsha kwendawo ezungezile. Endogenous kuphakama ngenxa izinqubo self-elawula libhekene impendulo imisiwe. Ziyakwazi kuncike ngesikhathi esifanayo imiphumela kwemvelo ezingase zithinte amplitude futhi isigaba shift yabo biorhythms.

Rhythms of amazinga inhlangano biosystem futhi imvamisa

Rhythms nazo ehlukaniswa ezingeni yenhlangano ye biosystem ethile. Basuke luhlukaniswe uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli, labantu, umzimba, isitho kanye iseli.

Ngokusho imvamisa yazo zingabantu:

• imvamisa high isigqi (kusuka ngesekhondi amaminithi angu-30);
• naphakathi (kusuka imizuzu 30 kuya amahora 28);
• mezoritmami (kusuka 28 amahora 7 izinsuku);
• makroritmami (kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-20 unyaka owodwa);
• megaritmami (PERIODICITY - iminyaka eyishumi).

Nature biorhythms

A umzimba ophilayo, ngokuvumelana umbono obujwayelekile uhlelo ezimele oscillatory, elinesimo iqoqo isigqi ngaphakathi axhunyiwe. Imijikelezo Esekela umzimba (umzimba catabolism) kumaseli ngokuqhubekayo zenzeka. Lokhu izakhiwo ukusabela okuhlukahlukene kwamakhemikhali - zamagama kanye cleavage ejenti. Ngo amaseli ngenxa yalokho, ngokuhambisana imijikelezo umzimba njalo izinguquko zenzeka lokuhlala izinto ezihlukahlukene (imikhiqizo umzimba, enzyme-matrix ukudluliswa RNA, njll) Ukubamba iqhaza ku-ukusabela kwamakhemikhali. Amapharamitha Biosystems imvelo yangaphakathi okubangelwa ukusabela ukwenza oscillation okuqhubekayo, wahlukana amagugu kusho.

Ngo eziphilayo, izinzwa ukuthi ukucacisa uhlobo kanye izinga izinqubo umzimba, kukhona ama-hormone nemithi modulators allosteric asekelayo rhythmicity eziphilayo. Lokhu njalo ukulandela isimo umzimba. Futhi avame silondoloze ukuqinisela (homeostasis) imvelo yangaphakathi -.-PH, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi osmotic, lokuhlushwa izinto njll behileleka izindlela eziningi ekugcinweni homeostasis. Akhiwa ikakhulu isimiso impendulo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokweqile glucose egazini iqala ukugcina indlela lezi zincwadi (ngesimo glycogen). Kunalokho, ukuntuleka kwayo kuholela glycogen ukuphuka.

Isiphetho lokhu kungenziwa esilandelayo. Ngo eziphilayo, akukho nqubo eqhubekayo. Kufanele ngempela enye oppositely iqondiswe nge: .. Umsebenzi ukuphumula, umoya umoya, isimo zamagama eqhekeza yokuvuka ilele, njll eziphilayo, ngaleyo ndlela, akukwazi static. It libhekene a eside ezifana isigqi. Icacisa ukuthi lokhu isakhiwo umzimba ophilayo zingaba ngisho ngokubona elula. Ungase uphawule ukuthi amanye (empeleni zonke) bamandla alo kanye nemingcele bokuphila zihlale sesimweni bophezela ekushintshashintsheni kokubili amplitude futhi imvamisa ngokuhlobene kumanani esilinganiso.

iyehla iyenyuka ezinjalo futhi ube biorhythms. Ngosizo la magciwane zizinze yayo thermodynamic isimo. Ukuzivumelanisa ngempumelelo imvelo, kuba isigqi izinguquko cyclical. Inchazelo zalesi simo, thina esicashunwe ngaphambili kulesi sihloko.

I Iwashi langaphakathi

timer sangaphandle ezingadingekile ukuvumelanisa kohlelo nge ngezinga eliphezulu lokuhlanganisa zonke subsystems yayo. Ngo ukuthuthukiswa isegazini Uhlelo ukuhleleka kuka ukusebenza kwezitho zomzimba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi it is Ushintshe, sisivumele ukuzivumelanisa iphrofayli temporal of imvelo. Lokhu umzimba uyakwazi "ukubikezela" isikhathi sosuku. Lokhu kulivumela ukuthi ixhumeke effectors kusengaphambili ahlukahlukene, okuyinto afakiwe impendulo ngokushesha. Ngokwesibonelo, izinga lokushisa komzimba, futhi okuqukethwe corticosteroids e-plasma kokulala evamile uqale eside ngaphambi Ukuvalwa layo bavuke. Ngakho-ke, evuka ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngaphambi ukukhanya sivuleka.

Nazi ezinye izibonelo isigqi. kulokho kuphela sisinde kule nqubo kwemvelo, okuyinto unekhono nje ukubamba ku ezihlukahlukene zasendle izinguquko, kodwa futhi ulungise isigqi kunyakaza zangaphandle isigqi umshini yayo. Ngokwesibonelo, izilwane enye isigqi eziningi ulokhu uphaphama ngilale ngokuthula, ukuze kuyasiza ukuqinisekisa izimo ezikahle zokukhiqiza ukudla. Emvelweni, uhlelo zokuzala (izinkathi wenzalo ukungazali) nalo bazivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo ukuthi kukhona elilungile kakhulu sikhule siyinzalo. Izinyoni eziningi fly eningizimu ekwindla. Lena isibonelo esisodwa esibonisa indlela ukuze sibonakalise isigqi. Biology uyazi ezinye izibonelo eziningi. Ngakho, yokucashisa ezinye izilwane. Kuyasiza ukuba basinde, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi yangaphandle zezemvelo kukhona okukhulu.

biorhythms nsuku zonke

rhythmicity Circadian eziphilayo - kuyini? Asivume. Ngu nsuku zonke (lomzimba) biorhythms zihlanganisa izenzakalo ezifana nokushintsha imvelo kanye ukushuba izinqubo yezinto eziphilayo, zazo imvamisa ukuphindaphinda kuyinto 24 ± 4 amahora. Iningi izinqubo bokuphila kwamakhemikhali umzimba, ukunyakaza, ukuthuthukiswa, ukukhula, kungaphansi kwalezi isigqi, okuyinto zibangelwa lomzimba (nsuku zonke) isigqi imvelo bangaphandle. Yena, ehlangene ukujikeleza mayelana ahlangene iplanethi. Izibonelo izinqubo ezifana yilezi: rate umzimba, eguquguqukayo lokushisa komzimba, ukuvama cell division. Ngoba bonke elinesimo isigqi nsuku zonke.

Biology - isayensi study izilwane nje kuphela kodwa futhi izitshalo. Lesi sakamuva, ngokukhethekile, kubonakala ebusuku ushiya imijikelezo komqondo ukwehlisa kanye nokuvala izimbali. Emini basuke kudalulwe. Rhythms agcinwayo ngisho nalapho kungekho ukukhanya kwelanga. Lokhu kuqinisekiswe ucwaningo lwakhe SE Shnol, biophysicist Russian. Wabala njengesibonelo imeya ubhontshisi. Amahlamvu aso neziwumqansa ekuseni nakusihlwa, ngisho noma isitshalo egumbini elimnyama. Kwaba sengathi isikhathi yangaphakathi iwashi bokuphila ukuchaza ke.

Izitshalo ngokuvamile ukuchaza isikhathi sosuku ku yenguquko ukusuka ijamo elilodwa kuya kwenye lapho beshintsha sombala phytochrome kwelanga izici (ngezithako zawo Spectral). Ngokwesibonelo, ilanga ekushoneni kwelanga zibomvu ngoba elibomvu has nombono ende futhi lincane okwesibhakabhaka, zihlakazeke. Kusihlwa noma kwelanga ukukhanyisa eziningi emisebeni obomvu kanye infrared. Lokhu ukubona isitshalo, okubonisa isigqi nsuku zonke.

Biology - isayensi, okuyinto kuze kube manje iye yazuza eziningi isipiliyoni ogcina izilwane ezahlukene. Kuye kwatholakala ikakhulukazi ukuthi nezikhathi interleaving lokuphumula nomsebenzi we izilwane (imini nobusuku) uphinde ulandise isigqi lomzimba. Kubo kuyinto ebaluleke ukuzimisela isikhathi akuyona ngokuphelele-kodwa liyindaba yokuzinqumela. Badinga ukwazi ukuthi ilanga lizophuma futhi ahlale njengezidalwa ezingafi emini bayatheza ukusetshenziswa ukukhanya kwemini nobusuku - amnyama.

Nasi isibonelo - ukubheka isigqi nsuku zonke sokugxila Atlantic coast umshayi wevayolini izinkalankala. It kushintsha umbala walo, okubonisa isigqi nsuku zonke. Biology - isayensi ukuthi, njengabanye, ukukhomba amaphethini. Ukuze lokho crab kushintsha umbala waso? Asivume.

Crab ekuseni, ukukhanya okuningi, kodwa lapho ilanga liphuma phezulu esibhakabhakeni, kuba mnyama. Ukudlala indima zokuzivikela, sombala ivikela crab yiziphazamiso ezihehayo elangeni elishisa bhe. Uma lokhu tide ongaphakeme, khona-ke kusiza ukuba umbala omnyama phezu kwesihlabathi ugu engabonwa. Futhi lapho efuna ukudla ithunyelwa ibaleka.

isigqi kwansuku zonke abantu

Babalelwa ku-300 imisebenzi bokuphila ukuthi babe isigqi lomzimba ebonwe umzimba womuntu. isisindo umzimba, isekelwe ohlelweni womuntu lomzimba kuyinto maximal at amahora 18-19, Izinga lokuphefumula - amahora 13-16, kwenhliziyo - amahora 15-16, ezingeni igazi erythrocyte - 11-12 amahora leukocyte - 21 amahora -23 futhi t. d.

izinqubo kwengqondo kuthiwa yanda futhi ehlile kusihlwa ekuseni. Ukuze lezigqi imisebenzi yengqondo bokuphila, esikhundleni salokho, kuthinte sihlale siphapheme futhi ubuthongo amashifu, ukuphumula kanye nomsebenzi. Ixhomeke izici eziningi ngesikhathi sihlale siphapheme kahle ijika nemingcele: ezingeni nogqozi, ukudla, isimo jikelele, ezifana ubuntu, njll ...

Igama elithi "desynchronosis" ubhekisele ukuphazamiseka e a yemvelo uhlelo isikhathi iyala isigqi. Lolu cwaningo izindlela zayo kubaluleke kakhulu enhlanganweni lomsebenzi futhi lonke abasebenzi, ekuqhubeni izinyathelo ezihlukahlukene zokuvimbela nokuhloswe ngazo ukuvikela impilo. Desinhroz ngokukhethekile ebonwe abantu abenze eside ibanga izindiza (e 4-5 amazoni), ngokushintsha imodi wokusebenza usuku ebusuku, kanye zezinkanyezi lapho ikhomishana indiza emkhathini.

biorhythms oyinyanga

Tsirkalunarnye (kwenyanga) biorhythms - isigqi kabani nkathi kwezinsuku ezilinganiselwa kwezingu-29,53 of. Lezi isigqi eziphilayo zivumelana umjikelezo inyanga enqunywa ngokuthwasa kwenyanga, okungukuthi umjikelezo we inyanga izigaba.

izinqubo eziningi Geophysical kuthinte imvamisa ukujikeleza inyanga emhlabeni. Ngokwesibonelo, ukushintsha ukukhanya ebusuku, izinga lokushisa, umfutho womoya, amandla kazibuthe Zomhlaba, isiqondiso somoya. Zonke kulezi zinkanyezi ngoba tsirkalunarnyh isigqi yilezi izikhombo yesikhashana.

Ezintweni eziningi eziphilayo zasolwandle ezitholakala izibonelo umxhwele kakhulu indlela la isigqi kuthinte izinqubo zokuphila. Ngokwesibonelo, ama-worms zasolwandle Palolo ophilayo ku izixhobo zamakhorali, ngo-Okthoba noNovemba, lokugcina izinsuku eziyishumi lomjikelezo ezinqunywa ngokuthwasa kwenyanga, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ngesikhathi esithile sosuku, amanzi ehlukanisa ku emuva yayo, okuyinto ugcwele imikhiqizo kwesimiso sokuzala. Kubalulekile ukuzala.

Imijikelezo Lunar nenzalo insemination nezikhathi kungase kungabi kuphela synodic (njengoba kulesibonelo odlule). Kukhona futhi sigisic at esingaba izinsuku 14.7 ka. Ngokwesibonelo, olunye uhlobo izinhlanzi ezitholakala ogwini Gulf of California, egcwele nenyanga entsha (at amanzi ephakeme) izalela amaqanda ogwini. Kutfutfukisa ezinsukwini ezingu-14 ogwini futhi emanzini uwela kanye isimo elilandelayo.

Moonlight, njengoba sekushiwo, kubangela ukungezwani sokukhanyisa ebusuku. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzi izilwane, okuyizinto ezibangela kusihlwa noma ebusuku yokuphila izinguquko. Ngisho noma Sizibeka eceleni umphumela unyezi endaweni yokucwaninga, imvamisa tsirkalunarnyh izinqubo inakekelwa. Kungaba ngenxa nezinye izinto ezihlobene umjikelezo egcwele. Ngokwesibonelo, kuba ekushintshashintsheni kazibuthe kule planethi yethu.

Umjikelezo kwenyanga sithinta ukukhula kwezitshalo. Lokhu kungenziwa okwaboniswa isibonelo isithombo isivuno iyehla iyenyuka, amazambane kanye legumes. Kwaphela isikhathi eside, amakhalenda kwenyanga asetshenziselwa ukusiza ukunquma isikhathi kahle ukuze imisebenzi yezolimo nokutshala.

biorhythms yonyaka

Circannual (yonyaka) biorhythms eziphilayo kufanele oscillation nkathi 1 unyaka ± 2 izinyanga. Zihlotshaniswa ukujikeleza Sun kuyo yonke iplanethi yethu.

Lezi isigqi kuyagcinwa kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo, kusukela ezishisayo kuya zone polar. NoBukhulu kubo luyakha njengoba inyuka latitude. Rhythm ukuhlaziywa wavumela abacwaningi ukuphetha ngokuthi eziphilayo abahlala zone elimboze izindawo ezibandayo kanye athokomele, lapho ephawuleka kakhulu umehluko ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, kuba sobala. isisekelo biorhythms Lonyaka zimumethe, okokuqala, ukusabela oluhambelana okwenzeka ekuphenduleni ushintsho nemingcele ebaluleke kakhulu kwemvelo (Imodi amanzi, ukwakheka ambalwa futhi qualitative ukudla, izinga lokushisa).

Okwesibili, ukusabela komzimba ngezinto isignali imvelo (isb, izinguquko kazibuthe omhlaba ensimini ngegalelo, photoperiod, okuvela kuyo abathile yizici zamakhemikhali). Wenzeka waminyaka yonke biorhythm isibonelo nomading izenzakalo of ukufuduka, ihlobo dormancy ebusika, izinqubo zokuzala, nokunye. D.

Abaningi isilwane basebusika kuyasiza ukusinda kwesikhathi okungekuhle. Kuyamangalisa ukunquma ngokunembile izilwane nesikhathi sakhe. Bear, isibonelo, umphandu yayo njalo ukulingana ngosuku olwandulela kweqhwa. Futhi yena wayelele ngemva kwalokho kuze Ephreli, kuze izinga lokushisa 12 ° C (ie, izinyanga 5.5). Ngalesi sikhathi, ikhona ngezithukuthuku amafutha anqwabelene ekwindla. isitokwe salo cishe ingxenye yesithathu yale isisindo komzimba wesilwane. athwale lokushisa emzimbeni ngesikhathi sokulala kuyehla-10 ° C, 3-phinda wehlise imvamisa yayo emishinini yokuphefumula. Lokhu kusiza ukulondoloza izinsiza ezibalulekile zanqwabelana isizini efudumele. Lena ukubonakaliswa isigqi umzimba ibhere. Uma zephule isigqi, kanye isilwane akusho wacambalala den ngasizathu simbe noma kwenzeke ngokuphazima kweso ngiphaphama phakathi ebusika, cishe nakanjani. Induku yokuxhuma kuyoba engahlula izimuncagazi eziningi, okuyinto esenza buthaka umzimba, abalambayo, iyachuma.

izibonelo eziningi isigqi ziye okwethulwa kulesi sihloko. Bona uyaqinisekisa ukuthi iyisici jikelele emhlabeni isilwane. Biorhythms, ngaphezu kwalokho, ingabe lunqume ebukhoneni eziphilayo. Isimiso isigqi itholakala kuwo wonke amazinga inhlangano eziphilayo. Usebenzela yenza umzimba ekusebenzeni kangcono imvelo.

isici

Ngakho, sahlola isigqi emkhakheni wezinto eziphilayo, kuyini, manje uyazi. Nokho, sinesithakazelo kwesikwenzayo umqondo nje onjalo akukho hhayi kuphela kule isayensi. Ikakhulukazi, osomnotho kwabantu baye baphetha ngokuthi siyenzeka endaweni yezimboni. Esemenzile lokhu okutholakele, zazisa welithi "isigqi isici." Yena ihlala ubunye. Ngokuvamile, isici isigqi kunqunywa ngosuku, izinsuku eziyishumi, ngenyanga eyodwa, njll Ngalo lingachazwa, ngokukhethekile, degree of ukusetshenziswa emsebenzini wokukhiqiza isikhathi sokusebenza. Kukhula izinga isigqi, umjikelezo ukukhiqiza izinsiza luthe ukuqina, kanti kwezomnotho (ikakhulukazi zabasebenzi isikhathi) ichithwa enomqondo.